The CrusadesThe Crusades: : Military expeditions from Christian Military expeditions from Christian Europe to Palestine between the 11Europe to Palestine between the 11thth and 13and 13thth centuries. centuries.

77thth Grade World History Grade World History

First CrusadeFirst Crusade

Reasons for the CrusadesReasons for the Crusades(Reasons to go to war)(Reasons to go to war)

(1) The Pope calls for Christians to (1) The Pope calls for Christians to reclaim the Holy Landreclaim the Holy Land

• The Holy Land is the city of Jerusalem and the area around it, also called Palestine

• It is sacred to Christians, Jews, and Muslims, who ALL make pilgrimages there

• The Seljuk Turks (Muslims) had captured Palestine making Christian pilgrimages to the Holy Land impossible.

• The Turks started to attack the Christian cities of the Byzantine Empire and the Byzantine Emperor asked the Pope for help.

The Holy LandThe Holy Land

Other reasons for the Crusades…Other reasons for the Crusades…

• (2) Success in warfare is a way for European feudal nobles (princes) to gain power

• (3) Merchants wanted to gain access to rich trade routes to the east

• (4) Peasants wanted a chance for adventure, treasures, and win favor with God.

The First CrusadeThe First Crusade

The First CrusadeThe First Crusade

• 1096 – 1099, the war lasted 4 years

• In 1099, the Christian forces finally captured the city of Jerusalem

• They divided the conquered land into 4 Crusader states: Edessa, Antioch, Tripoli, and Jerusalem

The Second CrusadeThe Second Crusade

• 1147 – 1149, Muslim Turks recaptured Edessa, one of the Crusader states

• Christians kept control of the other states because Muslim leaders were not united, but that is about to change…– Saladin was a powerful Muslim leader who

began to unify the Muslims in the region

SaladinSaladin

The Third CrusadeThe Third Crusade

• 1189 – 1192, Saladin had recaptured Jerusalem

• Richard the Lion-Hearted was a powerful Christian leader for the crusade because of his courage and skill

• After 3 years of fighting, Saladin and Richard agreed on a truce in 1192– Muslims keep control of Jerusalem, but

Christians are allowed to make pilgrimages.

Richard the Lion-HeartedRichard the Lion-Hearted

End of the CrusadesEnd of the Crusades

• There were more crusades

• By 1270, the Muslims drove the Crusaders out of Palestine

Effects of the CrusadesEffects of the Crusades

Good…

Traders and pilgrims maintained an exchange of cultural ideas between Europe and Asia

Increased trade helped towns to grow

Bad…

Christians increased intolerance toward non-Christians

Reconquista and Inquisition are examples of this intolerance