“ T O TA K E U P T H E C R O S S ”

THE CRUSADES

BACKGROUND

Feudal System Bellicose Society and CultureImpending threat of Muslims/ Muslim occupation of the Holy Land.Immensely strong religious duties and bond to Christendom Great Schism just happened in 1054

POPE URBAN II CALL TO CRUSADERead Pope Urban II’s address at

Clermont.

1. Why is he calling for a Crusade?

2. Who is his audience ;who is this call to?

3. What are the incentives of a crusader?

DEUS VULT!

CAUSES FOR THE CRUSADES

• Protect the Eastern Rite Catholic churches• Regain the Holy Land • Shrines, Relics, Holy Places, etc.

• Counter Muslim threat

WHY GO ON CRUSADE?

• Service to country and Religion• Adventure • Looking to increase wealth and/or status • Plenary Indulgence (removal of sin)• Chance for martyrdom (straight to heaven if you

die)• Pilgrimage to the Holy Land• Duty

FIRST CRUSADE CONCLUSIONEuropean Nobles answer the Pope’s call and lead armies to the Holy Land. Jerusalem is captured, Christians now have control of the Holy Land!Divided into 4 new fiefs: • Kingdom of Jerusalem• County of Tripoli• County of Edessa,• Principality of Antioch

Access to Holy Land!SUCCESS!!!

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=oIVAhQBoDKjtwM&tbnid=t7CiJBxv_yL32M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.medievaltymes.com%2Fcourtyard%2Ffirst_crusade.htm&ei=xtN2UpDRDsX52QWovoDAAw&bvm=bv.55819444,d.b2I&psig=AFQjCNFqnxUz3ChrhjNZ1GnkpAdHvx-XlQ&ust=1383605567803800

OUTREMER STATES• Difficult to control • Many Christians

went back to Europe• Military Orders

created to help. • Mixing of Muslim and

Christian culture.

SECOND CRUSADE 1147-1149

City of Edessa is attacked by Muslims – Christians respond. King Louis VII (France) & Emperor Conrad II (Holy Roman Empire/Germany) lead the 2nd Crusade. Set out to capture Damascus in order to defend Jerusalem.FAILURE – Thought to be due to the sins and moral laxity of Christendom

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=g3R-88XTEbEo5M&tbnid=NNbxEa2KjefkqM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.medievaltymes.com%2Fcourtyard%2Fsecond_crusade.htm&ei=e9h2UoqzGqHW2QW8p4GoBA&bvm=bv.55819444,d.b2I&psig=AFQjCNEQqLOcH1o2M2Z_EdmqHzVgIYvuDw&ust=1383606766785828

THIRD CRUSADE 1189-1192

Saladin- Great Muslim leader who has united his people and preaches jihad against the Christians. Takes Jerusalem in 1187Christians respond with the 3rd Crusade!

Richard the Lionhearted (England), Emperor Frederick Barbarossa (Germany), King Philip (France). SUCCESS?!... Sort of: Richard the Lionhearted and Saladin make a Truce. Christians are granted safe and tax free passage to the Holy Land.

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=RX3RD6C8qZ2cUM&tbnid=0lOK4qItJaveNM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.medievaltymes.com%2Fcourtyard%2Fthird_crusade.htm&ei=8912UrSxBOWq2QWFzYDYBA&bvm=bv.55819444,d.b2I&psig=AFQjCNEjro80Qs2yP5MQ_30VGFTrLfIujw&ust=1383608176782593

FOURTH CRUSADE 1201-1204

Christians sack Constantinople!WHY?!• Crusaders indebted to Venetian traders• Political reasons• Misguided emotions and anger.

- Did not help the East and West conflict…

OTHER CRUSADES

Unofficial Crusades• People’s Crusade – Peter the Hermit

encouraged the regular people of Europe to go on Crusade and free the Holy Land most were killed• Children’s Crusade – 1000s of children

were encouraged by their parents to walk to Jerusalem and free it most starved to death as they walked towards the ocean, others were sold into slavery

OTHER CRUSADES

• Crusades 5-9• Peoples Crusade• Children’s Crusade• Wendish• Northern Crusades• Albigensian• Aragonese

EFFECTS OF THE CRUSADES Positive

1. Renewed Christian faith, 2. Strengthened the influence of the Papacy and the Church3. Promoted knighthood and chivalry4. United Christians 5. Eastern products: paper, silk, spices; Developed international trade and travel6 . Recovery of relics, land and Churches7. Arabic numerals8. Warded off Muslim Invasion

Negative 1. The abuses of some of the Crusaders gave the Church a bad name2. The attack upon fellow Christians in Constantinople made bad feelings between East and West worse (4th Crusade)3. The unsuccessful Crusades made some Christians bitter4. The Crusades were not permanently successful