the court of justice of the european union. established in 1952 the judicial authority of the eu ...
TRANSCRIPT
Established in 1952 The judicial authority of the EU Cooperates with the courts and tribunals of the
Member States Has its seat in Luxembourg
It is the highest court in the EU in matters of EU law It ensures equal interpretation and application of the
EU law in all Member States Settles legal disputes between EU Member States,
EU institutions, as well as businesses and individuals
a multilingual institution→ each of the official languages of the European Union can be the language of a case
Consists of three courts:
1) The Court of Justice/ Sud
2) The General Court/ Opći sud (1988)
3) The Civil Service Tribunal/ Službenički sud (2004)
The Registry/ Tajništvo Administrative organ of the Court responsible for maintaining the case-files for
pending cases keeps the register of all the procedural
documents the Court appoints a Registrar for a term of six
years
The Registrar is responsible for the acceptance, transmission and custody of all documents and records
he assists the Members of the Court is in charge of the publications of the Court
Each court also has its own registry responsible for the efficient handling of cases
1. COURT OF JUSTICE/ SUD
6 year term, renewable
appointed by common accord of the governments of the Member States
3 year term, renewable
Elected by the Judges
28 JUDGES ↓
9 ADVOCATES GENERAL/ NEZAVISNI ODVJETNICI
↓
THE PRESIDENT AND VICE-PRESIDENT OF THE JUDGES
The President directs the work of the Court and presides at hearings and deliberation of the full Court or Grand Chamber
The Vice-President assists the President and takes his place when necesarry
The Advocates General assist the Court they present ,with complete impartiality, an
‘opinion‘(prijedlog odluke) in the cases assigned to them
The Court may sit as a full court, in a Grand Chamber(veliko vijeće) of 15 Judges or in Chambers (sudsko vijeće) of three or five Judges
JURISDICTION
5 most common types of cases brought before the Court are:
1) References for preliminary rulings/ Prethodno pitanje
2) Actions for failure to fulfil obligations/Tužba zbog povrede
3) Actions for annulment/ Tužba za poništenje
4) Actions for failure to act/ Tužba zbog propusta
5) Direct actions/ Izravne tužbe
PROCEDURE
Whatever the type of case, there is always a written stage and, if appropriate, an oral stage, which is public
However, a distinction must be drawn between, references for preliminary rulings and other actions, known as ‘direct actions'
In references for preliminary rulings 1) The national court submits questions to the Court of
Justice about the interpretation or validity of a provision of European Union law
2) The request is then translated into all the European Union languages
3) The Registry notifies it to the parties to the national proceedings, and also to all the Member States and the institutions of the European Union
4) A notice is published in the Official Journal of the EU
5) The parties, the Member States and the institutions have two months within which to submit written observations to the Court of Justice
In direct actions
1) The action,brought by application, is addressed to the Registry
2) The Registrar publishes a notice of the action in the Official Journal setting out the applicant’s claims and arguments
3) At the same time, the application is served on the party sued, who has one month within which to lodge a defence
4) The applicant may lodge a reply and the defendant a rejoinder, the time allowed being one month in each instance
Preparatory inquiries
once the written procedure is closed, the parties may state, within three weeks, whether and why they wish a hearing to be held
The Court decides, whether any preparatory inquiries are needed, what type of formation the case should be assigned to, and whether a hearing should be held for oral argument, for which the President will fix the date
the case is argued before the bench and the Advocate General
the Advocate General delivers his or her Opinion before the Court of Justice
He suggests completely independently to the Court how the problem should be solved
If it is decided that the case raises no new question of law, the Court may decide, after hearing the Advocate General, to give judgment without an Opinion
Judgments
The Judges deliberate on the basis of a draft judgment drawn up by the Judge-Rapporteur (sudac izvjestitelj)
Decisions of the Court of Justice are taken by majority and no record is made public of any dissenting opinions
Judgments are signed by all the Judges who took part in the deliberation
Language arrangements the language of the case is that of the
national court which made the reference to the Court of Justice
Oral proceedings at hearings are interpreted simultaneously into various official languages of the European Union
2. GENERAL COURT
Established in 2004 Made up of at least one judge from each
Member State Judges are appointed by common accord of
the governments of the Member States Their term of office is six years (renewable) They appoint their President (3 year term),
and a Registrar (6 year term)
The General Court sits in Chambers of five or three judges or, in some cases, as a single judge
It may also sit as a Grand Chamber (13) or in plenary session when this is justified by the legal complexity or importance of the case
Has it own rules of procedure →include a written phase and an oral phase
The General Court has jurisdiction to hear and determine:
direct actions brought by natural or legal persons for annulment of acts of the institutions, bodies, offices or agencies of the European Union
actions brought by the Member States against the Commission
actions brought by the Member States against the Council
Claims for compensation for damage caused by EU institutions, body and staff
3. CIVIL SERVICE TRIBUNAL
Composed of 7 Judges appointed by the Coucil for a period of 6 years (renewable)
the Council ensures a balanced composition on as broad a geographical basis and as broad a representation of the national legal systems as possible
The President is elected for a term of three years and a Registrar for a term of six years
JURISDICTION
Its special field is the sphere of disputes involving the European Union civil service
has jurisdiction to hear and determine at first instance disputes between the European Union and its servants
may not hear and determine cases between national administrations and their employees