Slide 1

The Constitution and the Age of Federalism Slide 2 Objective: Identify the patterns of government under the new constitution. Slide 3 Housekeeping: furlong1@email.arizona.edu Wait period 24-36 hour response 24-hour response on grades furlong1@email.arizona.edu Slide 4 Review: Slow formation of American identity vs. Albany Plan Steps towards war/Progress of campaigns Bunker Hill and Olive Branch Foreign involvement Marquis de Lafayette and Steuben State government under British rule vs. American Under Articles, state fight over West Architects of actual representation Virginia Plan Edmund Randolph and James Madison New Jersey Plan William Paterson Challenges to Constitution Slavery Dissipation due to Northern economy Newburgh Conspiracy Thought to be centralizing move Slide 5 II. G. Constitution 3. Ratification a. Radicals are sidelined (Paine and Jefferson in France Samuel Adams and Patrick Henry object) b. Nonetheless, fear of centralism i. Minority rights not explicitly protected ii. Madison promises to do so, if elected c. Democratic presidency i. Thwarted by Electoral College (Checks and Balances) d. Federalist Paper 10 i. Factions will allow large republic d. Electors of 1789 i. George Washington President ii. Eleven states immediately ratify Federalists Slide 6 Constitution (contd): Slide 7 Slide 8 I. Federalists A. Why Washington? 1. Republican character/ property/ Newburgh B. Formation of Cabinet 1. Secretary of Treasury Alexander Hamilton 2. Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson 3. Secretary of War Henry Knox (Ticonderoga hero 4. Attorney General Edmund Randolph C. Madison elected and Bill of Rights 1. Ratified by 2/3rds of House and three quarters of Senate 2. Protect states AND minorities D. 1789 Judiciary Act 1. Establishes organization 2. Supreme Courts and local federal courts -serve states. Slide 9 Federalists (contd): Slide 10 I.Federalism: National Government, Expansion, and Liberty E. How to deal with debt and US underdevelopment? 1. Some look to Great Britain patterns of dominance a. Navigation Acts (Protectionism/mercantilism) b. Large navy c. Import substitution industrialization (ISI) i. Tariffs protect markets and fund industrialization d. Debt and markets i. UK finances dominance through debt Slide 11 I. Federalism, National Government, Expansion and Liberty F. Alexander Hamilton, the National Bank, and Economic Nationalism 1. Report on Public Debt a. Looks to Great Britain b. Wants to assume state debts c. Consolidate debts into US Bonds, backed by US Government 2. Report on Manufacturing a. Needs to cut reliance on imports b. US needs to industrialize c. tariff needed Slide 12 I. Federalism, National Government, Expansion and Liberty F. Alexander Hamilton, the National Bank, and Economic Nationalism 3. Report on Bank of the United States a. Bank will: i. Maintain currency ii. Issue bonds iii. Sell stock iv. Encourage investment/credit 4. Necessary and proper Loose construction/implied power Slide 13 I. Federalism, National Government, Expansion and Liberty G. Strict Constructionism, Faction (Jefferson and Madison) 1. Public Debt Thought to be immoral and increase vulnerability a. Specie 2. Tariffs Effect importers most heavily (i.e. South) a. Biased towards NE 3. Bank not in Constitutions a. Strict constructionism 4. These factions will wage war by proxy a. US Press begins as partisan press H. Washingtons decision 1. Approves of bank, but denies tariff and development 2. Compromise necessary a. Washington, DC b. Out of new York Slide 14 I.Federalism, National Government, Expansion and Liberty I. Excises, Democracy, and Rebellion 1. Hamilton collects excise tax on alcohol 2. Deliverable grain vs. right of deposit in New Orleans 3. Problems of sovereignty in the West a. Paxton Boys and other boys 4. Differences in economies and politics of West 5. 4 + 1 Whiskey Rebellion a. Mainly four western Pennsylvania Counties b. Follows Shays precedent i. Disruption of trials, to popular ferment (No pun intended) maypoles, to armed opposition c. VERY different Federal response than Shays i. Over 10,000 Federal troops march on rebels Ii. Protest dissipates Iii. Native Americans Slide 15 Federalism and Threats from Liberty Slide 16 I.Federalism: Storm Clouds on the Horizon, I J. Atlantic revolutions and revolts 1. Rights of Man and Rousseau a. General will of people must be respected i. What if the people are murderous? b. Whither Lafayette? 2. Larger threats a. French exchange vast hinterland for much money b. San Domingue/Santo Domingo/Haiti c. Huge slave population d. Large mixed-African heritage slave-owning class Slide 17 I.Federalism: Storm Clouds on the Horizon, II J. Atlantic revolutions and revolts 2. E. Huge slave imports from Central Africa/Portuguese 1. 1619-1620 First slaves 2. Stono Revolt, 1740 3. Other states imported Muslim prisoners of war from West Africa a. Muslims practiced in 1600s. 4. First 150 years, 75-80% of immigration to Americas from Old World is from Africa A. Not free 5. Bourgeois outgrowth of French Revolution in 1789 a. Slaves transform revolution in 1791 Slide 18 Storm Clouds on the Horizon Slide 19 Slide 20 I.Federalism: Storm Clouds on the Horizon, III K. Federalists and their opponents 1. Federalists a. Alexander Hamilton B. Implied powers/loose constructionists C. Manufacturing, widening economy, bankers D. Banks and UK model 2. Democratic Republicans a. Jefferson and Madison b. Stated powers/strict constructionism C. Farmers and planters, agrarian D. Sympathetic to French revolution