the consequences of ww2
DESCRIPTION
the consequences of WW2. Human cost. 40 millions dead in Europe Two-third were civilians One-fifith of Poland’s population died 20 million people displaced. Economic cost. WW1 fighting took place mostly on the Western Front while during WW2 entire Europe was involved. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
THE CONSEQUENCES OF WW2
HUMAN COST
40 millions dead in Europe Two-third were civilians One-fifith of Poland’s population died
20 million people displaced
ECONOMIC COST
WW1 fighting took place mostly on the Western Front while during WW2 entire Europe was involved.
Aerial bombing destroyed many cities Transport and communication disrupted Industry destroyed Farmland ruined Food production fell to half 150 million people dependent on relief food
distribution Britain was bankrupted Soviet economy badly effected-25 millions
homeless
POLITICAL CONSEQUENCES
Poland saw its border shifted westwards- lost 179,000 sq.km in the east and gained 104,000 sq.km from German territories
Yalta Conference- decided Poland’s boundaries
Germany to be dicided into four zones Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria and
Czechoslovakia one party regime under Stalin’s control.
EFFECTS OF WAR ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
Change in the balance of power. USSR and USA emerged as super powers
REASONSMILITARY
USA had acquired the largest air force in the world, 12 million men in the armed forces, more naval vessels and the atomic bomb
USSR had acquired the largest land army in the world to defeat Germany
France and Britain’s inability to defeat Germany placed them second in rank
USSR lacked strong military neighbours thus making it a regional power
REASONSECONOMIC
USA’s economy was strengthened by the war. It was able to out-produce all the other powers
USA was committed to more ‘open’ trade. Small Eastern European countries needed
support of a stronger neighbour which was provided by USSR
IMPACT OF THE SUPERPOWERS
The map of europe after 1945 was determined by the growing conflict between USSR and USA with a clear dicvide between Eastern and Western Europe
USA- end of isolationism, beginning of a dominant role in world affairs
Cold War
EASTERN EUROPE
1944-48 Stalin established control over Hungary, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, romania and Poland which involved
i. establishment of one-party rule ii. Nationalization of private enterprise Iii. Five- Year Plans- encouraged collective
farming
Each satellite state had to produce what USSR needed- eg Poland produced coal
The economic and political system was backed by:
Social and ideological controls eg. Cominform, secret police
Censorship of all media Suppression of religious freedom Military presence of soviet troops Political purges
WESTERN EUROPE
Followed democracy Commitment by USA- the Truman Doctrine,
Marshall Aid Establishment of NATO
IMPACT ON ASIA
China lost 12 million people Japan lost 2 million people
JAPAN
Eliminated as amajor power Occupied by the Americans under General
Douglas macArthur Japan was made a democracy Military and secret police forces were
dissolved The emperor remained to maintain political
stability
THE TREATY OF SAN FRANCISCO
Signed in 1951- japan to 1. renounce all claims to Taiwan, Sakhalin and
the Kuriles 2. hand over the Pacific Island of Micronesia
to UN 3. hand over the Ryuku and Bonin Islands to
USA 4. accepted the judgements of the
international military Tribunal for the Far East 4. Guidelines for reparation and compensation
to prisoners of war, renounced future military aggression, nullified prior treaties
A separate Treaty between Japan and USA- USA promised to defend Japan until it could
look after its own defense which meant that it had military bases in Japan
CHINA
Fighting continued between the nationalist forces of Jiang jieshi and the communist forces of Mao Zedong
Conflict led to the victory of Mao in 1949 and the establishment of a communist China
DECOLONISATION: THE DECLINE OF EUROPEAN INFLUENCE IN ASIA
Weakness of Britain and France found it increasingly difficult to hold on to their empires in Asia and Africa
Nationalist Movements grew USA and the UN condemned imperialism Indonesia got independence from Dutch,
Vietnam from the French, India, Burma and Ceylon from the british
USA and USSR sought to increase their sphere of influence in this area- Cold War
OTHER EFFECTS
War Tribunals established The united nations The Arms Race
ASSIGNMENT
What was the impact of World War II on the following:
The popularity and spread of communism? The defeated powers- Germany and Japan?
What was the impact of WWI and WWII on the roles and status of women?