aftermath of ww2
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Aftermath of WW2. Roots of the Cold War. Post-WW2 Realities. Devastation Europe, Japan, China, USSR destroyed Refugees, orphans, homeless, hunger, sick Holocaust Nazi inhumanity >> Nuremberg Trials “ Crimes Against Humanity ” + “ War Crimes ” Occupation - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Aftermath of WW2Roots of the Cold War
Post-WW2 Realities• Devastation
– Europe, Japan, China, USSR destroyed– Refugees, orphans, homeless, hunger, sick
• Holocaust– Nazi inhumanity >> Nuremberg Trials– “Crimes Against Humanity” + “War Crimes”
• Occupation– USSR occupies Eastern part of Europe– US occupies Japan– US-GB-F occupy Western Germany + Austria
Occupation Zones
United Nations (UN)
• 4/45 created in SF >> NYC
• UN Charter sets up • Purpose:
– Maintain peace & collective security
– Promote co-operation– Protect human rights– Provide global
assistance
Security Council5 Permanent Members (Veto Power)
US-USSR-F-GB-China+
6 Rotating Members
General AssemblyEach nation has 1 Vote
Debate + Discussion
OrganizationsUNICEF-WHO-WTO
UNESCO-IMF-WORLD BANKAnd more…
USA-USSR Breakup: Why?• US & USSR emerge as “superpowers”
– US A-bomb ’45 >> USSR A-bomb ‘49• Different experiences = Mistrust:
– US unharmed + late counterattack in West + $$– USSR destroyed + high death rate + no $$
• Different goals:– US: Promote democracy, Free trade
• Strong Germany as ally– USSR: Promote communism, buffer zone, status
• Weak Germany, neutral
1940s Tensions >> Responses• USSR > initiates
communist revolt in Greece/Turkey
• USSR remains in Eastern Europe with no Free Elections as promised, strips G of resources
• Berlin Blockade ’48, cuts off Berlin
• NATO formed ‘49
• Truman Doctrine = US to “contain” communism > G/T aid
• W. Germany created + Marshall Plan = US aid to rebuild Europe, US biz ↑↑ $$
• Berlin Airlift ’48-’49 = Operation Vittles
• Warsaw Pact ‘55
Berlin Blockade >> Berlin Airlift
NATO ’49 vs. Warsaw Pact ‘55
The Result?• Cold War
– High tension between US – USSR 1945 - 1992– Global alignment & division
• Blocs: Economic & Political alliances• Non-Aligned nations: India
– No direct US – USSR war but…• Indirect War thru “proxy”:
– China, Korea, Vietnam, Middle East, Africa, Central America
• Indirect War thru “propaganda”– Film, Books, TV, Radio, Sports (Olympics)
• Indirect War thru espionage– CIA vs. KGB, “intelligence gathering”
A World Divided in Late 20th C.
China turns Communist in 1949 under Mao Zedong