the common wall lizard, podarcis muralis(l , 1768), new to the

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88 SHORT NOTE HERPETOZOA 23 (3/4) Wien, 30. Jänner 2011 SHORT NOTE The Common Wall Lizard, Podarcis muralis (LAURENTI, 1768), new to the province of Salzburg (Austria). Origin of a paraneozoon The range area of the Common Wall Lizard Podarcis muralis (LAURENTI, 1768) is the largest within the genus and extends from northern Spain in the west to Romania and northwestern Turkey in the east, and from the Netherlands in the north to southern Italy in the south (GRUSCHWITZ & BÖHME 1986; SCHULTE 2008). In Austria, P. muralis was previously documented in all provinces ex- cept Salzburg (CABELA et al. 2001; ASCH- AUER et al. 2008). Populations in the east, southeast and south (Lower Austria, Vienna, Burgenland, Styria, Carinthia, East Tyrol) are represented by the nominate form P. m. muralis, while North Tyrolian populations are related to the subspecies P. m. maculiven- tris (WERNER, 1891). These populations are well known for more than a century (CABELA et al. 2001) and considered autochthonous, also due to molecular data (SCHULTE 2008; SCHWEIGER et al. 2011, submitted), whereas in the provinces of Upper Austria (P. m. ma- culiventris, P. m. nigriventris BONAPARTE, 1836; WEISSMAIR & MOSER 2008) and Vor- arlberg (P. m. maculiventris; ASCHAUER et al. 2008) only introduced populations were de- tected. These latter populations showed mito- chondrial haplotypes which were distinctly different from all other Austrian samples in- vestigated and were detected only recently. Individuals of populations of native or non-native taxa outside of their natural range, which are established since at least 25 years, are called paraneozoa (GEITER et al. 2001). Podarcis muralis is an example for this kind of active or passive dispersal in many parts of Europe and the USA (SCHWEIGER & DEICHSEL 2003; KÜHNIS & SCHMOCKER 2008; SCHULTE et al. 2008). Apart from the natural process of expansion by migration, paraneozoa populations can either be established actively and deliberate- ly by releasing individuals in the wild, by unintentional escape from captivity, or by passive dispersal via traffic and railways, and may thrive or even expand if habitats are suitable (BURKE & DEICHSEL 2008; SCHULTE et al. 2008). We present data on the first record of an introduced P. muralis population in the Austrian province of Salzburg. The site is located at the railway station of “Steindorf bei Straßwalchen”, close to the border to Upper Austria (47°58’00’’N, 13°14’18’’E; Fig. 1). Wall lizards were discovered and identified by one of the authors (AH) in the year 2008 and may have been present there since at least 2005, according to information provided by locals. The animals inhabit a ruderal area of approximately 10.000 m², formed chiefly by the periphery of railway tracks, walls of the railway station and a storage area (Fig. 2). It is not known whether this population originated from a deliberate introduction or was founded by individuals dispersed by train. The latter possibility seems more like- ly though, as “Steindorf bei Straßwalchen” is a highly frequented railway station for national and international freight trains, for instance from North Italy via the Brenner railway and North Tyrol. DNA-analyses were carried out to reveal the origin of the individuals that established this population. Therefore, tis- sue of one temporarily captured individual was obtained by buccal cell sampling with sterile cotton buds (POSCHADEL & MÖLLER 2004). Total genomic DNA was extracted using the NucleoSpin® Tissue Kit by Ma- cherey-Nagel (Düren, Germany). A segment of 887 bp of the cytochrome b gene was amplified by PCR (primers: “L3a” 5’-TTTG GATCCCTGTAGGCCTCTGTT-3’and “H- 15150” 5’-ATAATAAAGGGGTGTTCTA CTGGTTGCC-3’) and sequenced (primers “H-14776” 5’-GGTGGAATGGGATTTTG TCTG-3’ and “L4” 5’-AGGCACCTCCAT AGTTCACC-3’) (PODNAR et al. 2004; POD- NAR et al. 2007) by LGC Genomics (Berlin, Germany) sequencing service. The obtained sequence was compared with homologous regions of sequences from samples scattered over most of the area of P. muralis, which were analyzed in the course of a compre- hensive genetic analysis of the species (SCHWEIGER et al. 2011 submitted). The se- quences most similar to the sequence of the Steindorf sample were from individuals col- lected in Liguria and the Po plain, northern Italy (Southern Alps clade, SCHWEIGER et al. 2011 submitted). The investigated speci-

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