The Colony of GeorgiaThe Colony of Georgia►Standard SS8H2: The student will analyze Standard SS8H2: The student will analyze

the colonial period of Georgia’s history.the colonial period of Georgia’s history.

a) Explain the importance of James a) Explain the importance of James Oglethorpe, the Charter of 1732, reasons Oglethorpe, the Charter of 1732, reasons for settlement, Tomochichi, Mary for settlement, Tomochichi, Mary Musgrove, and the city of SavannahMusgrove, and the city of Savannah

b) Evaluate the Trustee Period of GA’s b) Evaluate the Trustee Period of GA’s colonial history emphasizing the role of colonial history emphasizing the role of the Salzburgers, Highland Scots, the Salzburgers, Highland Scots, malcontents, and the Spanish threat from malcontents, and the Spanish threat from Florida. Florida.

A Colony ProposedA Colony Proposed► Sir Robert Montgomery, Aaron Hill, and Sir Robert Montgomery, Aaron Hill, and

Amos Kettleby proposed the creation of Amos Kettleby proposed the creation of “Margravate of Azilla” An area west of “Margravate of Azilla” An area west of the Savannah Riverthe Savannah River

►Dr. Thomas Bray proposes a colony in Dr. Thomas Bray proposes a colony in the New World to help debtorsthe New World to help debtors

► England’s debtors prisons’ conditions England’s debtors prisons’ conditions were horriblewere horrible

► England was overcrowded and had high England was overcrowded and had high unemploymentunemployment

►After Bray’s death Oglethorpe and John After Bray’s death Oglethorpe and John Percival asked the King for permission Percival asked the King for permission to create a colonyto create a colony

Georgia is CreatedGeorgia is Created

►Georgia would be a charter colony Georgia would be a charter colony for 20 Yearsfor 20 Years

►June 20, 1732 Georgia received its June 20, 1732 Georgia received its official charterofficial charter

►Savannah River was its Northern Savannah River was its Northern border & Altamaha its Southernborder & Altamaha its Southern

►Georgia stretched across all of Georgia stretched across all of North AmericaNorth America

James OglethorpeJames Oglethorpe► At 25 was elected to ParliamentAt 25 was elected to Parliament

►Became a leader in Prison ReformBecame a leader in Prison Reform

►A close friend had died in debtors A close friend had died in debtors prison, Robert Castellprison, Robert Castell

►Asked King George II for a land Asked King George II for a land grantgrant

►Known as the Father of Georgia Known as the Father of Georgia

James OglethorpeJames Oglethorpe

Georgia’s PurposesGeorgia’s Purposes►Charity – help relieve poverty and Charity – help relieve poverty and

unemployment in Britainunemployment in Britain

►Economics – Increase Britain’s Economics – Increase Britain’s trade and wealth, more land and trade and wealth, more land and power, mercantilismpower, mercantilism

►Defense – to act as a buffer for Defense – to act as a buffer for South Carolina against Indians, South Carolina against Indians, France, andFrance, and Spain. Spain.

Georgia’s PurposesGeorgia’s Purposes

►Religion was also a reason, Religion was also a reason, though not stated in the charter – though not stated in the charter – Religious FreedomReligious Freedom

►New home for Protestants being New home for Protestants being persecuted in Europepersecuted in Europe

►Georgians were free to worship as Georgians were free to worship as they pleasedthey pleased

►Catholics were not allowed in the Catholics were not allowed in the colony of Georgia.colony of Georgia.

Why?Why?

Georgia a Trustee ColonyGeorgia a Trustee Colony► The Trustees ran the colonyThe Trustees ran the colony► Trustees were prohibited to…Trustees were prohibited to…

* receive a salary* receive a salary

* hold public office* hold public office

* * own landown land

* * pass laws but passed regulations pass laws but passed regulations insteadinstead

Trustees would choose who would goTrustees would choose who would go

* 35 families were selected* 35 families were selected

* Not one was a debtor* Not one was a debtor

* Most were skilled laborers* Most were skilled laborers

November 1732 Georgians Set November 1732 Georgians Set SailSail

►Sailed into Charles Town harbor on ship AnnSailed into Charles Town harbor on ship Ann►Oglethorpe found an area to settle called Oglethorpe found an area to settle called

Yamacraw BluffYamacraw Bluff►Met John & Mary Musgrove Carolina traders, Met John & Mary Musgrove Carolina traders,

who became interpreters for Oglethorpewho became interpreters for Oglethorpe►Oglethorpe had to ask Chief Tomochichi, of Oglethorpe had to ask Chief Tomochichi, of

the Yamacraws, permission to settle the the Yamacraws, permission to settle the landland

►February 12, 1733 colonists settled the landFebruary 12, 1733 colonists settled the land

Georgia’s First Georgia’s First SettlementSettlement

►Named it Savannah after the riverNamed it Savannah after the river►Savannah had a special design: Savannah had a special design:

created by Robert Castell created by Robert Castell

* Divided into squares* Divided into squares

* Square was a neighborhood * Square was a neighborhood center center

* Around each square were 40 * Around each square were 40 houses houses

SavannahSavannah

Difficulties & Growing Difficulties & Growing PainsPains►Settlement was followed by 10 Settlement was followed by 10

months of disease & deathmonths of disease & death►New colonists arrivedNew colonists arrived

* 40 Jews who were displaced * 40 Jews who were displaced from from

Spain & PortugalSpain & Portugal

*Dr. Samuel Nunis a Jewish *Dr. Samuel Nunis a Jewish doctor was among these colonists, doctor was among these colonists, and helped the first medical crisis and helped the first medical crisis passpass

New Colonists and New New Colonists and New SettlementsSettlements

►Salzburgers A group of German Salzburgers A group of German Protestants forced to leave Protestants forced to leave Germany asked to settle in GeorgiaGermany asked to settle in Georgia

►John Martin Bolzius was the leader John Martin Bolzius was the leader of the Salzburgersof the Salzburgers..

►They settled two new towns in They settled two new towns in Georgia, Ebenezer and New Georgia, Ebenezer and New EbenezerEbenezer

►They were against slavery in They were against slavery in GeorgiaGeorgia

John Martin BolziusJohn Martin Bolzius

Ebenezer and New Ebenezer and New EbenezerEbenezer

Difficulties & Growing Difficulties & Growing PainsPains

► Colonists complained about trustee Colonists complained about trustee regulationsregulations

* * Restrictions on land ownership &Restrictions on land ownership &

inheritance – only males could owninheritance – only males could own

land ( 50 acres)land ( 50 acres)

* * Ban on slaveryBan on slavery

* * Prohibitions on rum – no hard liquorProhibitions on rum – no hard liquor►Malcontents- unhappy British colonists in Malcontents- unhappy British colonists in

Georgia who wanted the ban on slavery liftedGeorgia who wanted the ban on slavery lifted►Highland Scots – a group brought of fighters Highland Scots – a group brought of fighters

brought to defend GA and who were against brought to defend GA and who were against slaveryslavery

Georgia FortsGeorgia Forts►Fort: A military base used to Fort: A military base used to

protect against enemiesprotect against enemies►Parliament provided money to Parliament provided money to

build fortsbuild forts►Why?Why?►Georgia grew increasingly worried Georgia grew increasingly worried

about the Spanish threat from La about the Spanish threat from La FloridaFlorida

►Built Fort Frederica for protection Built Fort Frederica for protection against Florida – grew to be the against Florida – grew to be the largest British military base in largest British military base in AmericaAmerica

Indian RelationsIndian Relations

►Oglethorpe wanted to keep Oglethorpe wanted to keep positive relationships with the positive relationships with the IndiansIndians

►Wanted to keep them as alliesWanted to keep them as allies►Oglethorpe regulated trade Oglethorpe regulated trade

with Indians so the Indians with Indians so the Indians would not be taken advantage would not be taken advantage ofof

War With SpainWar With Spain

►England’s conflict with Spain England’s conflict with Spain escalatesescalates

►King allows Oglethorpe to raise a King allows Oglethorpe to raise a regiment of 600 soldiers for Georgiaregiment of 600 soldiers for Georgia

►1739 Britain declared war on Spain1739 Britain declared war on Spain

►The English captured Florida’s Fort The English captured Florida’s Fort DiegoDiego

War With SpainWar With Spain

►Tried to capture Fort Mose – the Tried to capture Fort Mose – the home of the Black Militiahome of the Black Militia

►300 Spanish soldiers, including 300 Spanish soldiers, including members of Black Militia attacked members of Black Militia attacked Fort Mose at dawn. Fort Mose at dawn.

►Oglethorpe & his troops were Oglethorpe & his troops were defeated at Fort Mose and defeated at Fort Mose and discourageddiscouraged

►They retreated back to St. Simons They retreated back to St. Simons IslandIsland

Battle of Bloody MarshBattle of Bloody Marsh

►In June 1742, Georgia In June 1742, Georgia defenders pulled back to Fort defenders pulled back to Fort Frederica.Frederica.

►On July 7 1742, a Spanish force On July 7 1742, a Spanish force approached Fort Fredericaapproached Fort Frederica

►Oglethorpe hid troops behind Oglethorpe hid troops behind bushes and treesbushes and trees

Battle of Bloody MarshBattle of Bloody Marsh►Oglethorpe’s troops fired and a quick Oglethorpe’s troops fired and a quick

but fierce battle followedbut fierce battle followed►Several days later the Spanish Several days later the Spanish

attacked again but were pushed backattacked again but were pushed back►Georgia had been saved from SpainGeorgia had been saved from Spain►Oglethorpe was promoted to the rank Oglethorpe was promoted to the rank

of Generalof General►Chief Tomochichi’s nephew Toonahowi Chief Tomochichi’s nephew Toonahowi

fights along side Oglethorpefights along side Oglethorpe

OglethorpeOglethorpe►Oglethorpe returns to Oglethorpe returns to England England

►He never returns to He never returns to GeorgiaGeorgia

►Married Elizabeth Wright Married Elizabeth Wright at age 48at age 48

►Served on Parliament for Served on Parliament for the next 10 yearsthe next 10 years

Colony DeclinesColony Declines►With Oglethorpe gone Trustees With Oglethorpe gone Trustees

abandoned principles that abandoned principles that made Georgia uniquemade Georgia unique

►Many colonists went back to Many colonists went back to EnglandEngland

►Trustees lightened restrictions Trustees lightened restrictions on land ownership and on land ownership and inheritanceinheritance

►In 1750 they lifted the ban on In 1750 they lifted the ban on slaveryslavery

Georgia a Royal ColonyGeorgia a Royal Colony

►A royal colony is governed by the KingA royal colony is governed by the King► In 1752 Georgia became a Royal ColonyIn 1752 Georgia became a Royal Colony► In 1754, Captain John Reynolds arrived to In 1754, Captain John Reynolds arrived to

become Georgia’s first Governorbecome Georgia’s first Governor►Georgia had its own legislatureGeorgia had its own legislature

* Appointed upper house would * Appointed upper house would adviseadvise

the governorthe governor

* Elected lower house was Georgians* Elected lower house was Georgians

first chance at self-government. first chance at self-government. They had to own 500 acres to be elected.They had to own 500 acres to be elected.

Georgia a Royal ColonyGeorgia a Royal Colony

►Reynolds was not popular or effective Reynolds was not popular or effective and was replaced after 2 yearsand was replaced after 2 years

►His replacement was Henry Ellis His replacement was Henry Ellis * increasing population* increasing population* improving economy* improving economy

Georgia’s 3Georgia’s 3rdrd governor, James Wright, governor, James Wright, was its bestwas its best

* improved GA’s defenses greatly* improved GA’s defenses greatly* He would be governor during the * He would be governor during the

Revolutionary WarRevolutionary War