the cold war unit 5 lesson 2. vocabulary 1. cold war 2. yalta 3. potsdam 4. nato 5. berlin airlift...
TRANSCRIPT
The Cold WarThe Cold War
UNIT 5 LESSON 2UNIT 5 LESSON 2
VocabularyVocabulary
1.1. Cold WarCold War
2.2. YaltaYalta
3.3. PotsdamPotsdam
4.4. NATONATO
5.5. Berlin AirliftBerlin Airlift
6.6. CommunismCommunism
7.7. Marshall PlanMarshall Plan
8.8. Korean WarKorean War
9.9. Cuban Missile CrisisCuban Missile Crisis
10.10. Bay of PigsBay of Pigs
11.11. VietnamVietnam
12.12. Space RaceSpace Race
Origins of the Cold WarOrigins of the Cold War
US, USSR, Great Britain unnatural allies during US, USSR, Great Britain unnatural allies during World War IIWorld War II US, Britain disagree with USSR’s policies & treatment US, Britain disagree with USSR’s policies & treatment
of citizensof citizens USSR sees the west as decadent and natural USSR sees the west as decadent and natural
ideological enemiesideological enemies
Yalta and Potsdam Conferences (1945)Yalta and Potsdam Conferences (1945) Big 3Big 3 Decided on USSR declaration of war vs. Japan, Decided on USSR declaration of war vs. Japan,
setting up of International Military Tribunalsetting up of International Military Tribunal Free elections for Eastern EuropeFree elections for Eastern Europe
Allies Meet in Berlin, 1945Allies Meet in Berlin, 1945
USSR, US, and USSR, US, and Britain agree on Britain agree on peace treatiespeace treaties
Problems between alliesProblems between allies
USSR Doesn’t want to leave Eastern USSR Doesn’t want to leave Eastern EuropeEurope
US, Britain want Eastern Europe to be free US, Britain want Eastern Europe to be free and democraticand democratic
Stalin Breaks PromisesStalin Breaks Promises
Stalin arranges pro-Stalin arranges pro-communist communist governments in governments in Eastern European Eastern European countriescountries
1946: “Iron Curtain” 1946: “Iron Curtain” descends descends
What do they want?What do they want?
Allies-Allies- A unified, allied GermanyA unified, allied Germany
Free, democratic Free, democratic elections in Europeelections in Europe
To stop communism from To stop communism from spreadingspreading
USSR (Russia)-USSR (Russia)- A weak, divided GermanyA weak, divided Germany
A “buffer” of friendly A “buffer” of friendly countries to protect its countries to protect its borderborder
To spread communism to To spread communism to neighborsneighbors
What is a cold War? What is a cold War?
Cold – no actual shots firedCold – no actual shots firedHot war- active military Hot war- active military
engagementengagementHow long did it go on?How long did it go on?From about 1945 to 1991From about 1945 to 1991
Atomic BombAtomic Bomb
U.S. Drops the Atomic Bomb on JapanU.S. Drops the Atomic Bomb on Japan Yalta Conference 1945 Stalin, Churchill, Yalta Conference 1945 Stalin, Churchill,
And FDR – Needed to figure what was And FDR – Needed to figure what was going to be done with Europe after the wargoing to be done with Europe after the war
Agreed on free elections in PolandAgreed on free elections in Poland With the election in Poland it looked like it With the election in Poland it looked like it
was going to be anti USSR so Stalin was going to be anti USSR so Stalin refused to allow free electionsrefused to allow free elections
Roosevelt comes home from Roosevelt comes home from YaltaYalta
With the promise of Free elections in With the promise of Free elections in Eastern Europe – Stalin actually had no Eastern Europe – Stalin actually had no intention of giving up these areasintention of giving up these areas
Potsdam- Potsdam- Truman tells Stalin the U.S. has Truman tells Stalin the U.S. has the Bomb. Stalin does not commit to free the Bomb. Stalin does not commit to free elections in Eastern Europeelections in Eastern Europe
Churchill’s Churchill’s “Iron Curtain” “Iron Curtain” Speech – Tells Speech – Tells about the spread of Communism – Divided about the spread of Communism – Divided Eastern and Western EuropeEastern and Western Europe
After WWIIAfter WWII
USSR – still has most factories and large USSR – still has most factories and large ArmyArmy
USA - had the atomic bomb with their USA - had the atomic bomb with their cities and farms are still intact cities and farms are still intact
The Truman Doctrine (1947)The Truman Doctrine (1947)
World divided into free and World divided into free and enslaved statesenslaved states
US to support all US to support all movements for democracymovements for democracy
““containment” of containment” of CommunismCommunism
NATO and the Warsaw NATO and the Warsaw Pact establishedPact established Militarization of Cold WarMilitarization of Cold War
The Truman DoctrineThe Truman Doctrine
Gives money to Greece and Turkey to Gives money to Greece and Turkey to fight off communism – gives $400,000,000fight off communism – gives $400,000,000
ContainmentContainment – George Kennan – to stop – George Kennan – to stop the spread of Communismthe spread of Communism
Marshall Plan: Marshall Plan: Economic recovery Economic recovery program in Western Europe – $13 billion in program in Western Europe – $13 billion in aidaid
Molotov plan: Molotov plan: the soviets economic the soviets economic recovery program in Eastern Europerecovery program in Eastern Europe
The Marshall Plan The Marshall Plan
Proposed in 1947, $13 Proposed in 1947, $13 billion to reconstruct billion to reconstruct western Europewestern Europe
The United Nations The United Nations formed (1945) to resolve formed (1945) to resolve international disputesinternational disputes
Division of GermanyDivision of Germany
Germany was divided into four separate Germany was divided into four separate zones after the end of WWII.zones after the end of WWII.
Each zone would be occupied and Each zone would be occupied and governed by the military forces of the governed by the military forces of the U.S., Great Britain, France, and the Soviet U.S., Great Britain, France, and the Soviet Union.Union.
Germany was also forced to pay over $20 Germany was also forced to pay over $20 billion in reparations.billion in reparations.
Soviet Blockade in BerlinSoviet Blockade in Berlin
Soviets occupied Eastern GermanySoviets occupied Eastern Germany France, U.S. G.B. Controlled the west France, U.S. G.B. Controlled the west
GermanyGermany Berlin is also divide up into 4 sectionsBerlin is also divide up into 4 sections USSR blockades West Berlin USSR blockades West Berlin The west starts to fly in supplies into BerlinThe west starts to fly in supplies into Berlin
End of the Berlin AirliftEnd of the Berlin Airlift
U.S. Showed the world how far they were U.S. Showed the world how far they were willing to go to protect democracy and willing to go to protect democracy and contain communismcontain communism
Question 4Question 4
Why did Stalin create a blockade of west Why did Stalin create a blockade of west Berlin?Berlin?
What would of happened if the U.S.S.R What would of happened if the U.S.S.R shot down an allied plane?shot down an allied plane?
ChinaChina
Nationalists of Jiang Jeist – supported by Nationalists of Jiang Jeist – supported by the U.S.the U.S.
Jiang Jeist Nationalists Vs. CommunistJiang Jeist Nationalists Vs. Communist Civil warCivil war
1949China becomes communist1949China becomes communist Mao Tse-Tung – leaderMao Tse-Tung – leader China is the world’s largest populationChina is the world’s largest population
Great Leap ForwardGreat Leap Forward
Failed due to poor quality of Failed due to poor quality of products, poor weather hurt products, poor weather hurt agriculture agriculture
► 5 year plan to increase agriculture and industry
► Communes Groups of people who live and work together Property held in common Had production quotas
► Failed due to poor quality of products, poor weather hurt agriculture
NATONATO
North Atlantic Treaty OrganizationNorth Atlantic Treaty Organization An Attack on G.B. France, Netherlands, An Attack on G.B. France, Netherlands,
Italy, Portugal, Denmark, Norway, Greece Italy, Portugal, Denmark, Norway, Greece and Turkey, would be considered attack and Turkey, would be considered attack on the U.S.on the U.S.
USSR gets the bombUSSR gets the bomb
September 1949 USSR exploded their first September 1949 USSR exploded their first atomic bombatomic bomb
In response the U.S. builds the Hydrogen In response the U.S. builds the Hydrogen bomb – USSR 1yr later test one of their bomb – USSR 1yr later test one of their ownown
Mutually assured destruction (MAD)Mutually assured destruction (MAD)
KoreaKorea
After WWII Korea became divided into two After WWII Korea became divided into two different sectionsdifferent sections
N. Korea became a soviet SatelliteN. Korea became a soviet Satellite South Korea became an American and South Korea became an American and
United Nations sponsored nationUnited Nations sponsored nation N. Korea attack’s S. Korea to force a N. Korea attack’s S. Korea to force a
unification on Communist’s termsunification on Communist’s terms U.S. Police actionU.S. Police action
Police ActionPolice Action
General MacArthurGeneral MacArthur 3838thth Parallel Parallel Drives the N. Korea’s back to ChinaDrives the N. Korea’s back to China China joins the warChina joins the war Truman fires MacArthur – MacArthur – Truman fires MacArthur – MacArthur –
wanted to attack China. wanted to attack China. Truman did not. MacArthur openly Truman did not. MacArthur openly
disagreed with the Presidentdisagreed with the President
The Forgotten WarThe Forgotten War
General Eisenhower won the Presidency General Eisenhower won the Presidency in 1952 “ Promise to end the war”in 1952 “ Promise to end the war”
Eisenhower threatened Nuclear AttackEisenhower threatened Nuclear Attack Ends in a stalemate in July of 1953Ends in a stalemate in July of 1953 1.4 million N. Korean and Chinese soldiers 1.4 million N. Korean and Chinese soldiers
were killedwere killed 2 million civilians2 million civilians 54,000 American soldiers54,000 American soldiers
Warsaw PactWarsaw Pact
The Soviet Union and 7 eastern European The Soviet Union and 7 eastern European nations signed the Warsaw Pact, which nations signed the Warsaw Pact, which served a communist military counter to served a communist military counter to NATONATO
Members are not free to leaveMembers are not free to leave
Falling Domino PrincipleFalling Domino Principle
President Eisenhower takes President Eisenhower takes overover
Instead of building up a conventional Instead of building up a conventional military he focuses on building nuclear military he focuses on building nuclear weapons and planes, missiles and weapons and planes, missiles and submarines that can carry them.submarines that can carry them.
Massive Retaliation: Massive Retaliation: John Foster Dulles, Brinkmanship: John Foster Dulles, Brinkmanship: Joseph Stalin dies – Nikita KhrushchevJoseph Stalin dies – Nikita Khrushchev July 1955 Eisenhower and Khrushchev July 1955 Eisenhower and Khrushchev
meet at Geneva “peaceful co-existence”meet at Geneva “peaceful co-existence”
The Cold War Goes GlobalThe Cold War Goes Global
Poland workers riot against USSR and Poland workers riot against USSR and gained greater control of the government.gained greater control of the government.
Hungary- wanted to have pro Soviet Hungary- wanted to have pro Soviet Hungarian officials removed. - Hungarian officials removed. - Khrushchev responded brutality and killed Khrushchev responded brutality and killed the protesters. And restored the hard line the protesters. And restored the hard line communist governmentcommunist government
U.S. sat and watched as this happenedU.S. sat and watched as this happened
Space RaceSpace Race
Sputnik- first satellite to orbit the earthSputnik- first satellite to orbit the earth U.S. creates NASAU.S. creates NASA Both countries spend money on education Both countries spend money on education
and military defenseand military defense
CUBACUBA
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CubaCuba
Fulgencio BatistaFulgencio Batista Fidel CastroFidel Castro Cuba turn CommunistCuba turn Communist Bay of PigsBay of Pigs Cuban Missile CrisisCuban Missile Crisis