the cold war 1945 -- 1991. the cold war a state of political tension and military rival between...
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The Cold War
1945 -- 1991
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The Cold War
A state of political tension and military rival between nations that stops short of full-scale war.
The Cold War existed between the United States and the Soviet Union following World War II.
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When
It began right after World War II.
It was began by Joseph Stalin at Yalta in 1945.
It began over Eastern Europe.
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Joseph Stalin
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Harry Truman
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Winston Churchill -- England
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What
It was a rivalry between the two superpowers – the United States and the USSR (Soviet Union – Russia)
The rivalry stopped short of direct, violent confrontation because that would have meant nuclear war.
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USSR Flag
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Why Did the Cold War Begin Mutual distrust. The U.S. didn’t trust the
USSR and
The USSR didn’t trust the U.S.
There were two ideologies – communism vs. Democracy
There was an arms (weapons) race. Each attempted to have more weapons than the other.
There was the USSR’s intention to take over the world – especially the Third World.
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Who?The Soviet Union vs The U.S.
The Korean WarThe beginning leaders in the
1940s and 1950s areStalin – USSRPres. Harry Truman – U.S.
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North Korea – Kim Il Sung
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1958 -- 1964
The Cuban Missile CrisisU.S. leaders – Pres.
Eisenhower and Pres. JFKUSSR leader – Nikita
Khrushchev
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“Ike” Eisenhower
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John Fitzgerald Kennedy
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Fidel Castro
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Nikita Khrushcev
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1960s + 1970s
The Vietnam WarUSSR – BrezhnevU.S. – JFK, LBJ and Nixon
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Brezhnev -- USSR
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Lyndon Baines Johnson --LBJ
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Richard Millhouse Nixon
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1991
The Cold War ends in 1991 with the collapse of the Soviet Union.
USSR – GorbachevU.S. -- Reagan
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Mikail Gorbachev
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Pres. Ronald Reagan
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WhereThe First WorldThe U.S. and its allies in Western
EuropeThe Second WorldThe Soviet Union and Eastern
EuropeThe Third World – Developing countries i.e. Korea,
Vietnam
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Military Alliances
NATO –North Atlantic Treaty Organization– 1948 – democracy
Warsaw Pact – USSR and its satellites in Eastern Europe – 1955 -- communism
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How
Who had the bomb? – the U.S. and the USSR
NATO prevented the Soviet Union from invading Western Europe.
Weapons were nuclear and conventional
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Hot Wars
1950 – 1953: North Korea vs South Korea (U.S.)
Pres. Eisenhower got us out.1965 – 1975: North Vietnam
(communist) vs. South Vietnam (U.S.)Pres. Nixon pulled troops out and
North Vietnam communist took over South Vietnam.
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Asian Leaders
Mao – ChinaHo Chi Minh – VietnamFidel Castro – CubaIndia -- Nehru
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Chairman Mao Zedong -- China
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Ho Chi Minh – Vietnam
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Nehru -- India
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Confrontations in Berlin, Germany
1948 – the Soviets attempt to oust the U.S. who controls West Berlin.
The Soviets control East Berlin.
The Soviets attempt to prevent the U.S. from bringing in supplies to the west.
This is called the Berlin Blockade – JFK simply used airplanes to drop supplies to the West Berliners. We win.
1961 – the Soviets build a wall around East Berlin.
It was the symbol of the Cold War.
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Berlin Wall – Symbol of the Cold War
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Confrontations in Cuba
1959 – Cuban Revolution led by Fidel Castro, Cuba goes communist.
1961 – Bay of Pigs invasion. The CIA tried to overthrow Castro’s government. It failed.
1962 – Cuban Missile Crisis – the Soviet Union put nuclear missiles in Cuba, aimed at the U.S.! This was the most dangerous and scary moment of the Cold War.
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Africa & Middle East leaders
Nasser – EgyptLumumba – CongoShah of IranAyatollah Khomeini – IranSadat – EgyptBegin -- Israel
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Gamal Nasser -- Egypt
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Lumumba -- Congo
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Shah of Iran
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Ayatollah Khomeini of Iran
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Anwar Sadat -- Egypt
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Menacham Begin -- Israel
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The CIA vs. the KGB
Whenever it looked like a country was going communist, the CIA overthrew their government.
1954 – Iran, Guatemala1973 – Chile
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Revolts in Eastern Europe
Called “the Eastern Block”.
1956 – Hungary – crushed by Soviet troops and tanks.
1968 – Czechoslovakia – crushed by Soviet troops and tanks. Nicknamed “Prague Spring.”
1981 – Poland – Gorbachev did not crush the uprising! It was led by Lech Walesa and the Solidarity Party.
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Prague Spring
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The Middle East (Southwest Asia)
1948 – Israel – The U.S. backed Israel.
The USSR supported the Arab nations that attacked Israel.
1979 – Iran – The U.S. backed the Shah of Iran. USSR supported Ayatollah Khomeini
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Who Ended the War?
President Ronald Reagan – the Soviet Union is “The Evil Empire.”
“Star Wars”
Pope John Paul II – he was Polish and the first non-Italian pope in 500 years.
The pope encouraged Poland to rise up. It did and the Soviets did nothing.
In Germany the people tore down the Berlin Wall.
Gorbachev – the Soviet leader allowed freedom of speech. Their economy crumbled as did communism.
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Pope John Paul II
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Is it really over?
By 1989 the Berlin Wall fell.By 1990 all of Eastern Europe was
free.By 1991 the Soviet Union collapsed.