the cold war [1945-1991]: an ideological struggle
DESCRIPTION
The Cold War [1945-1991]: An Ideological Struggle. Soviet & Eastern Bloc Nations [“Iron Curtain”]. US & the Western Democracies. GOAL “Containment” of Communism & the eventual collapse of the Communist world. [ George Kennan ]. GOAL spread world-wide Communism. METHODOLOGIES: - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
The Cold War [1945-1991]: An Ideological Struggle
Soviet & Eastern Bloc
Nations[“Iron
Curtain”]
US & the Western
Democracies
GOAL spread world-wide Communism
GOAL “Containment” of Communism & the eventual collapse of the Communist world.[George Kennan]
METHODOLOGIES:1. Espionage [KGB vs. CIA]
2. Arms Race [nuclear escalation]
3. Ideological Competition for the minds and hearts of Third World peoples [Communist govt. & command economy vs. democratic govt. & capitalist economy] “proxy wars”
4. Bi-Polarization of Europe [NATO vs. Warsaw Pact]
The Division of Berlin
The Bipolarization of Europe
George Kennan’s Foreign Policy of “Containment”
• Strategic foreign policy pursued by the United States in the late 1940s and the early 1950s in order to check the expansionist policy of the Soviet Union.
• In an anonymous article (‘Long Telegram’) in the July 1947 issue of Foreign Affairs, George F. Kennan, diplomat and U.S. State Department adviser on Soviet affairs, suggested a “long-term, patient but firm and vigilant containment of Russian expansive tendencies” in the hope that the regime would mellow or collapse.
George Kennan [“X Article”]: CONTAINMENT
Goals Means Actual Application1.Restoration
of the balance of power
2.Reduction of Soviet ability to project outside power.
Encouragement of self-confidence in nations threatened by Soviet expansion.
Exploitation of tensions in international communism.
Long-term program of U.S. economic assistance [Marshall Plan]
Cooperation with communist regimes; [supporting Titoism in Yugoslavia]
3.Modification of the Soviet concept of international relations.
Negotiating settlement of outstanding differences.
Using “carrots & sticks’; containing Germany with an embrace and Russia at arms length.
George Kennan [“X Article”]: CONTAINMENT
Goals Means Actual Application
National Defense Budget [1940-1964]
Korean War
[1950-1953]
Korean War[1950-1953]
Syngman Rhee
Kim Il-Sung
“Domino Theory”
The Shifting Map of Korea[1950-1953]