the civil war (1861-1865) eu: the civil war, begun as a limited struggle over the union, eventually...
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TheTheCivil WarCivil War
(1861-1865)(1861-1865)EU: The Civil War, begun as EU: The Civil War, begun as a limited struggle over the a limited struggle over the Union, eventually became Union, eventually became a total war to end slavery a total war to end slavery and transform the nation.and transform the nation.
(Change over time – the (Change over time – the goal of the war)goal of the war)
TheTheCivil WarCivil War
(1861-1865)(1861-1865)EU: The Civil War, begun as EU: The Civil War, begun as a limited struggle over the a limited struggle over the Union, eventually became Union, eventually became a total war to end slavery a total war to end slavery and transform the nation.and transform the nation.
(Change over time – the (Change over time – the goal of the war)goal of the war)
The Great Emancipator?The Great Emancipator?
Assess the following claim:Assess the following claim: Lincoln has Lincoln has often been called often been called ““The Great The Great Emancipator.Emancipator.”” This is a misnomer. Many This is a misnomer. Many other actors were much more crucial to other actors were much more crucial to the emancipation of the slaves than the emancipation of the slaves than Abraham Lincoln, who was reluctant and Abraham Lincoln, who was reluctant and slow in coming to the decision and slow in coming to the decision and cautious and ineffectual in its execution. cautious and ineffectual in its execution. Further, the Emancipation Proclamation Further, the Emancipation Proclamation was not the revolutionary document that was not the revolutionary document that some historians claim.some historians claim.
Events Prior to the WarEvents Prior to the WarEvents Prior to the WarEvents Prior to the War•November 6, 1860 – Lincoln elected President
•December 20, 1860 South Carolina secedes from Union
•February 8, 1861 Confederates States of America formed, Jefferson Davis – President
•March 4, 1861 – Lincoln inauguration
•April 12, 1861 – Fort Sumter attacked – Civil War begins!
Fort Sumter – Charleston, South Carolina
3000 shell hits in 36 hour battle.
Slave/Free States Slave/Free States Population, 1861Population, 1861Slave/Free States Slave/Free States Population, 1861Population, 1861
Railroad Lines, Railroad Lines, 18601860
Railroad Lines, Railroad Lines, 18601860
Resources: North & the Resources: North & the SouthSouth
Resources: North & the Resources: North & the SouthSouth
The Union & Confederacy in The Union & Confederacy in 18611861
The Union & Confederacy in The Union & Confederacy in 18611861
Men Present for Duty Men Present for Duty in the Civil Warin the Civil War
Men Present for Duty Men Present for Duty in the Civil Warin the Civil War
The Leaders of the The Leaders of the ConfederacyConfederacy
The Leaders of the The Leaders of the ConfederacyConfederacy
Pres. Jefferson DavisPres. Jefferson DavisPres. Jefferson DavisPres. Jefferson Davis VP Alexander VP Alexander StevensStevens
VP Alexander VP Alexander StevensStevens
The Confederate The Confederate ““White White HouseHouse””
The Confederate The Confederate ““White White HouseHouse””
The Confederate SealThe Confederate SealThe Confederate SealThe Confederate Seal
MOTTO MOTTO ““With God As Our VindicatorWith God As Our Vindicator””MOTTO MOTTO ““With God As Our VindicatorWith God As Our Vindicator””
A Northern View of Jeff A Northern View of Jeff DavisDavis
A Northern View of Jeff A Northern View of Jeff DavisDavis
OverviewOverviewofof
the the NorthNorth’’ss
Civil WarCivil WarStrategy:Strategy:
““AnacondAnacondaa””
PlanPlan
OverviewOverviewofof
the the NorthNorth’’ss
Civil WarCivil WarStrategy:Strategy:
““AnacondAnacondaa””
PlanPlan
The The ““AnacondaAnaconda”” Plan PlanThe The ““AnacondaAnaconda”” Plan PlanWinfield Scott believed an effective "Blockade" of Southern ports, a strong thrust down the Mississippi Valley with a large force, and the establishment of a line of strong Federal positions there would isolate the disorganized Confederate nation "and bring it to terms."
LincolnLincoln’’s Generalss GeneralsLincolnLincoln’’s Generalss Generals
Irwin McDowellIrwin McDowellIrwin McDowellIrwin McDowell
Winfield ScottWinfield ScottWinfield ScottWinfield Scott
George McClellan,George McClellan,Again!Again!
George McClellan,George McClellan,Again!Again!
George McClellanMcClellanGeorge McClellanMcClellan
Ambrose BurnsideAmbrose Burnside
Joseph HookerJoseph HookerJoseph HookerJoseph Hooker
George MeadeGeorge MeadeGeorge MeadeGeorge MeadeUlysses S. GrantUlysses S. GrantUlysses S. GrantUlysses S. Grant
McClellan: McClellan: I Can Do It I Can Do It All!All!
McClellan: McClellan: I Can Do It I Can Do It All!All!South’s victory increased
overconfidence (desertions increased, enlistments decreased)North’s defeat caused them to prepare for a long warGeneral George McClellan given
command of Army of the Potomac (main army in Washington D.C.)
Great organizer & drillmaster, but too cautious (refused to move the army; always believed he was outnumbered)
Lincoln ordered him to advance – Spring 1862 Peninsula Campaign
100,000 Union troops under McClellan advance to peninsula b/w James and York RiversLincoln pulled him away from Richmond to stop Stonewall Jackson’s advances toward D.C
The Confederate The Confederate GeneralsGenerals
The Confederate The Confederate GeneralsGenerals
Jeb StuartJeb StuartJeb StuartJeb Stuart
James LongstreetJames LongstreetJames LongstreetJames Longstreet
George PickettGeorge PickettGeorge PickettGeorge Pickett
““StonewallStonewall”” Jackson Jackson““StonewallStonewall”” Jackson Jackson Nathan Bedford Nathan Bedford ForrestForrest
Nathan Bedford Nathan Bedford ForrestForrest
Robert E. LeeRobert E. LeeRobert E. LeeRobert E. Lee
The The ““new kid in townnew kid in town”” – U.S. – U.S. GrantGrant
February 1862 – Grant seizes Fort Henry and Fort Donelson in TN.
April 6-7, 1862 “Total War” introduced by Grant: Battle at Shiloh Grant demands unconditional surrender
Significance:Secured KY for UnionOpened Tennessee lineOpened route to GA
The Battle of the The Battle of the Ironclads,Ironclads,
March, 1862March, 1862
The Battle of the The Battle of the Ironclads,Ironclads,
March, 1862March, 1862The Monitor
vs.the Merrimac
The Monitor vs.
the Merrimac
Buy Your Way Out of Buy Your Way Out of Military ServiceMilitary Service
Buy Your Way Out of Buy Your Way Out of Military ServiceMilitary Service
War in the East: 1861-War in the East: 1861-18621862
War in the East: 1861-War in the East: 1861-18621862
Battle of AntietamBattle of Antietam ““Bloodiest Single Day of the Bloodiest Single Day of the
WarWar””
Battle of AntietamBattle of Antietam ““Bloodiest Single Day of the Bloodiest Single Day of the
WarWar””
23,000 23,000 casualtiescasualties
23,000 23,000 casualtiescasualties
September 17, September 17, 18621862September 17, September 17, 18621862
Battle of AntietamBattle of Antietam ““Bloodiest Single Day of the Bloodiest Single Day of the
WarWar””
Battle of AntietamBattle of Antietam ““Bloodiest Single Day of the Bloodiest Single Day of the
WarWar””General Robert E Lee is stopped by McClellan, by days ends 26,000 are dead, wounded or missing. Lee Withdraws to VA.Lincoln restored McClellan to command of Northern ArmyNorthern soldiers found a copy of Lee’s battle plans wrapped around 3 cigars dropped by a Confederate officer.
*Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation is written.
Emancipation in 1863Emancipation in 1863Emancipation in 1863Emancipation in 1863
TheTheEmancipatioEmancipatio
nnProclamatioProclamatio
nn
Jan 1, 1863Jan 1, 1863
TheTheEmancipatioEmancipatio
nnProclamatioProclamatio
nn
Jan 1, 1863Jan 1, 1863
The Southern View of The Southern View of EmancipationEmancipation
The Southern View of The Southern View of EmancipationEmancipation
African-American Recruiting African-American Recruiting PosterPoster
African-American Recruiting African-American Recruiting PosterPoster
The Famous 54The Famous 54thth MassachusettsMassachusetts
The Famous 54The Famous 54thth MassachusettsMassachusetts
Black Troops Freeing SlavesBlack Troops Freeing SlavesBlack Troops Freeing SlavesBlack Troops Freeing Slaves
Extensive Legislation Extensive Legislation PassedPassed
Without the South in Without the South in CongressCongress
Extensive Legislation Extensive Legislation PassedPassed
Without the South in Without the South in CongressCongress
1861 – Morrill Tariff Act -
1862 – Homestead Act
1862 – Legal Tender Act
1862 – Morrill Land Grant Act -This gave each state 30,000 acres of public land for each Senator and Representative. These numbers were based on the census of 1860. The land was then to be sold and the money from the sale of the land was to be put in an endowment fund which would provide support for the colleges in each of the states.
1862 – Emancipation Proclamation (1/1/1863)
1863 – Pacific Railway Act
1863 – National Bank Act
1861 – Morrill Tariff Act -
1862 – Homestead Act
1862 – Legal Tender Act
1862 – Morrill Land Grant Act -This gave each state 30,000 acres of public land for each Senator and Representative. These numbers were based on the census of 1860. The land was then to be sold and the money from the sale of the land was to be put in an endowment fund which would provide support for the colleges in each of the states.
1862 – Emancipation Proclamation (1/1/1863)
1863 – Pacific Railway Act
1863 – National Bank Act
The War in the West, 1863:The War in the West, 1863:
VicksburgVicksburg
The War in the West, 1863:The War in the West, 1863:
VicksburgVicksburg
July 4, 1863 – VicksburgGrant laid siege to city for several months (starving the city out)Vicksburg surrendered to Grant the day after Lee’s loss at Gettysburg
Importance of July 4, 1863:Lee retreats out of N after loss at GettysburgS surrenders at Vicksburg, giving the Union access to the MS RiverEx-slaves truly celebrate Independence Day for the first time
The Road to The Road to Gettysburg: 1863Gettysburg: 1863
The Road to The Road to Gettysburg: 1863Gettysburg: 1863
Lee marched into Pennsylvania – hoping strong victory in N would give strength to peace Dems in N & get BR or FR to help SJuly 1-3, 1863: GETTYSBURG
Meade (92,000 men) took the good landLee (76,000 men) attacked3 day battleGeneral George Pickett’s charge against Union lines driven back, breaking Confederate advance, forcing Lee to retreatAs far North as South ever gotConfederate peace delegation was rejected by LincolnLast chance for Southern victory; final two years were fighting a lost causeTURNING POINT of the Civil WarNovember 19, 1863 – Gettysburg Address delivered by Lincoln
The North The North Initiates Initiates
the Draft, the Draft, 18631863
The North The North Initiates Initiates
the Draft, the Draft, 18631863
Recruiting Irish Immigrants Recruiting Irish Immigrants in NYCin NYC
Recruiting Irish Immigrants Recruiting Irish Immigrants in NYCin NYC
Recruiting Blacks in NYCRecruiting Blacks in NYCRecruiting Blacks in NYCRecruiting Blacks in NYC
NYC Draft Riots, NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, (July 13-16, 1863)1863)
NYC Draft Riots, NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, (July 13-16, 1863)1863)
NYC Draft Riots, NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, (July 13-16, 1863)1863)
NYC Draft Riots, NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, (July 13-16, 1863)1863)
A A ““PogromPogrom”” Against Against BlacksBlacks
A A ““PogromPogrom”” Against Against BlacksBlacks
The Progress of War: The Progress of War: 1861-18651861-1865
The Progress of War: The Progress of War: 1861-18651861-1865
ShermanSherman’’ss““MarchMarchto theto theSeaSea””
throughthroughGeorgia,Georgia,
18641864
ShermanSherman’’ss““MarchMarchto theto theSeaSea””
throughthroughGeorgia,Georgia,
18641864
1864 Election1864 Election1864 Election1864 Election
Pres. Lincoln (R)Pres. Lincoln (R)Pres. Lincoln (R)Pres. Lincoln (R) George McClellan George McClellan (D)(D)
George McClellan George McClellan (D)(D)
The Peace Movement: The Peace Movement: CopperheadsCopperheads
The Peace Movement: The Peace Movement: CopperheadsCopperheads
Clement VallandighamClement VallandighamClement VallandighamClement Vallandigham
1864 Copperhead 1864 Copperhead Campaign PosterCampaign Poster1864 Copperhead 1864 Copperhead Campaign PosterCampaign Poster
PresidentiaPresidential Election l Election Results:Results:
18641864
PresidentiaPresidential Election l Election Results:Results:
18641864
Surrender at Surrender at AppomattoxAppomattox
April 9, 1865April 9, 1865
Surrender at Surrender at AppomattoxAppomattox
April 9, 1865April 9, 1865
Casualties on Both Casualties on Both SidesSides
Casualties on Both Casualties on Both SidesSides
Civil War CasualtiesCivil War Casualtiesin Comparison to Other in Comparison to Other
WarsWars
Civil War CasualtiesCivil War Casualtiesin Comparison to Other in Comparison to Other
WarsWars
FordFord’’s Theater s Theater (April 14, (April 14, 1865)1865)
FordFord’’s Theater s Theater (April 14, (April 14, 1865)1865)
The AssassinThe AssassinThe AssassinThe Assassin
John Wilkes BoothJohn Wilkes BoothJohn Wilkes BoothJohn Wilkes Booth
The AssassinationThe AssassinationThe AssassinationThe Assassination
WANTED~WANTED~~!!~!!
WANTED~WANTED~~!!~!!
Now He Belongs to the Now He Belongs to the Ages!Ages!
Now He Belongs to the Now He Belongs to the Ages!Ages!
The ExecutionThe ExecutionThe ExecutionThe Execution