the characterisation of “living” landscapes: the role of mixed descriptors and volunteering...
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LIVING LANDSCAPE The European Landscape Convention in research perspective 18-19 October 2010 Florence (Italy)
The Characterisation of “Living” Landscapes: Mixed Descriptors and Volunteering Geographic
Information
Ernesto MarcheggianiHubert Gulinck and Andrea Galli
Dep. of Earth and Environmental Science – KULeuven - Division of Forest, Nature and Landscapeand
Dep. SAIFET – Univpm – Section of Agroingegneria e Territorio
LIVING LANDSCAPE The European Landscape Convention in research perspective 18-19 October 2010 Florence (Italy)
Outline
Introduction (Why) General problems setting Case
The Framework (What)
Mixed descriptors in GIS environment (How) PCA Clustering
Volunteering Information (How) SHP to KMZ First results
Conclusions and way forward
LIVING LANDSCAPE The European Landscape Convention in research perspective 18-19 October 2010 Florence (Italy)
General problems setting
Over the last decade the need for public bodies to characterise the vitality and degree of sustainability of their territories is well acknowledged
This is particularly true in rural settings…
“rural land managers in Europe are faced with an increasingly complex decision making environment where production has to be achieved within narrowing environmental and social limits”
“…mix of financial, social and environmental goals has to be achieved….” Mattews (1999)
“how” to analyse, and asses each characteristic and value, from both the spatial (structural organization of their spatial patterns) and functional (goods and services provided, ecological, social, cultural, etc.) points of
view
LIVING LANDSCAPE The European Landscape Convention in research perspective 18-19 October 2010 Florence (Italy)
The Italian Law on RQD (DL 228/2001)
The Italian law on agricultural orientation (DL 228/2001) “to identify its most suitable Rural Quality Districts
Regional bodies have to compulsorily identify RDQ boundaries and made explicit in maps
there are no clear guidelines that explicit criteria to define such RQD, leaving this burden on the shoulders of local regional authorities.
LIVING LANDSCAPE The European Landscape Convention in research perspective 18-19 October 2010 Florence (Italy)
The Case
8 municipalities involved
Case study area: 55’000 ha
Synclinal – Anticlinal structure,N-S oriented unlike the
general morphology of theRegion
LIVING LANDSCAPE The European Landscape Convention in research perspective 18-19 October 2010 Florence (Italy)
Prevalent baseline spatial “3 beans” model
LIVING LANDSCAPE The European Landscape Convention in research perspective 18-19 October 2010 Florence (Italy)
Morphologicalunits
Land covers
Regional Planning (PIT)
Landscape and ecology
LIVING LANDSCAPE The European Landscape Convention in research perspective 18-19 October 2010 Florence (Italy)
Is this the only potential reading that we can do about this area or are there other potential
patterns?
LIVING LANDSCAPE The European Landscape Convention in research perspective 18-19 October 2010 Florence (Italy)
The baseline framework: volunteering information Spatialisation of socio-
economic descriptors
(Lattice 1)
Characterisation of underneath territories
Building of a multivariate vector by overlaying lattices 1 and 2
Principal Component Analysis
Clustering and similarity analysis
(according to average loads)
Clusters characterization
(according to spatial patterns)
Export of layers in Google Earth® format (Kmz)
Random selection of available volunteered information layers: Photos e Gallery
(Lattice 3)
Qualitative “panel test” analysis of records
Landscape metrics calculation by means of
moving windows (Lattice 2)
LIVING LANDSCAPE The European Landscape Convention in research perspective 18-19 October 2010 Florence (Italy)
Census indexes spatialization
Census tractspolygons
Distribution of centroids
500 meters width lattice, Inverse Distance Weighted
Subject Index Meanings Source Year
Generational change ratio
Pop 55-65 year / pop. 15-25 year
ISTAT – Population census
2001
DemographyPopulation aging
rate
Resident pop. > 65 year / Resident pop.
< 15
ISTAT – Population census
2001
Population density Residents / AreaISTAT – Population
census2001
Agriculture employees
Agriculture employees / Total
employees
ISTAT – Population census
2001
Economy Industry employeesIndustry
employees / Total employees
ISTAT – Population census
2001
Other sec. employees
Other sec. employees / Total
employees
ISTAT – Population census
2001
LIVING LANDSCAPE The European Landscape Convention in research perspective 18-19 October 2010 Florence (Italy)
testo
LIVING LANDSCAPE The European Landscape Convention in research perspective 18-19 October 2010 Florence (Italy)
Landscape metrics (Mc Garigal, Fragstat…)
LIVING LANDSCAPE The European Landscape Convention in research perspective 18-19 October 2010 Florence (Italy)
Maptoola Moving Windows tool
3 0 31.5 Kilometers.
Legend
Land Covers year 1980Aa - ARTIFICIAL BASINS
Ac - RIVERS AND CHANNELS
B - WOODS
Cf - SHRUBS
Co - OLIVE TREES
Cs - GREEN HOUSES
Cv - WINEYARD
Ea - TURISTIC AND SPORT FACILITES
Ei - INFRASTRUCTURE AND BUILDINGS
Eia - ROADS
Eib - SECONDARY ROADS
Eif - RAYLWAYS
Ep - INDUSTRIAL SETTLEMENTS
Er - BUILDINGS
Et - GROWTH AREAS
Ia - UNCULTIVATED WITH TREES
Iaa - ROADSIDE UNCULTIVATED
Iai - RIVERSIDE UNCULTIVATED
Ic - UNCULTIVATED WITH BUSHES
Im - INCOLTO MISTO
Ir - UNCULTIVATED WITH ROCKS
Lp - POPLARS
Nc - MINES
Ne - EROSION AREAS
Nr - ROCKS AND SCREES
P - PASTURES AND MEADOWS
Sa - ARABLE LAND WITH TREES
Sn - ARABLE LAND
So - HORTICULTURAL CROPS
Xp - UNCLASSIFIABLE
MW
hei
ght
MW width
Metric val. = x1
Metric val. = x2
Metric val. = x3
Metric val. = xn
LIVING LANDSCAPE The European Landscape Convention in research perspective 18-19 October 2010 Florence (Italy)
Maptool
Ascii file
Ascii file
LIVING LANDSCAPE The European Landscape Convention in research perspective 18-19 October 2010 Florence (Italy)
Principal Component Analysis
% of variance in unrotated
factors
% of variance in rotatedfactors
(Varimax)
PC-1 32.7 25.9
PC-2 16.4 20.6
PC-3 11.8 14.1
PC-1 Economy and Society PC-2 Landscape
PC-3 Interactions?
LIVING LANDSCAPE The European Landscape Convention in research perspective 18-19 October 2010 Florence (Italy)
Cluster Analysis (Nearest Neighborhood)
LIVING LANDSCAPE The European Landscape Convention in research perspective 18-19 October 2010 Florence (Italy)
LandscapeMetrics
Society and economy
RedAgeing people living in highly fragmented complex settings
Light greenIntermediate condition in simplified settings
OrangeAgeing people living in mild or simplified settings
BlueCommuters or farmers living in highly fragmented complex settings
GreenIntermediate condition characterised by significant sprawl
Dark blueCommuters or farmers living in mild or simplified settings
Scatter plot ofco-occurrences pairs
LIVING LANDSCAPE The European Landscape Convention in research perspective 18-19 October 2010 Florence (Italy)
testo
RedAgeing people living in highly fragmented complex settings
Orange Ageing people living in mild or simplified settings
GreenIntermediate condition characterised by significant sprawl
Light green Intermediate condition in simplified settings
BlueCommuters or farmers living in highly fragmented complex settings
Dark blueCommuters or farmers living in mild or simplified settings
LIVING LANDSCAPE The European Landscape Convention in research perspective 18-19 October 2010 Florence (Italy)
What we have so far…
LIVING LANDSCAPE The European Landscape Convention in research perspective 18-19 October 2010 Florence (Italy)
How to characterise the aggregates?
What over the local administrators, practitioners, rural land managers, …?
LIVING LANDSCAPE The European Landscape Convention in research perspective 18-19 October 2010 Florence (Italy)
The baseline framework: volunteering information Spatialisation of socio-
economic descriptors
(Lattice 1)
Characterisation of underneath territories
Building of a multivariate vector by overlaying lattices 1 and 2
Principal Component Analysis
Clustering and similarity analysis
(according to average loads)
Clusters characterization
(according to spatial patterns)
Export of layers in Google Earth® format (Kmz)
Random selection of available volunteered information layers: Photos e Gallery
(Lattice 3)
Qualitative “panel test” analysis of records
Landscape metrics calculation by means of
moving windows (Lattice 2)
LIVING LANDSCAPE The European Landscape Convention in research perspective 18-19 October 2010 Florence (Italy)
LIVING LANDSCAPE The European Landscape Convention in research perspective 18-19 October 2010 Florence (Italy)
LIVING LANDSCAPE The European Landscape Convention in research perspective 18-19 October 2010 Florence (Italy)
Subjectsdespite local rural land managers depicts area as typically dominated by rural landscapes…only the 15% of the sharing has been dedicated to that…
cultural and architectural heritage (32%), biodiversity (25%), 27% miscellaneous.
LIVING LANDSCAPE The European Landscape Convention in research perspective 18-19 October 2010 Florence (Italy)
Motivation of shotsThe “motivation” shows an even distribution between the willingness to communicate the beauties of places and neutral expressions, whilst the burden of shots to expose negative aspects represents not more than 7% of the selected records.
LIVING LANDSCAPE The European Landscape Convention in research perspective 18-19 October 2010 Florence (Italy)
Conclusions
1) to contribute to the actual debate by proposing novel approaches to the characterisation of complex rural open spaces our purpose opens to challenge the analysis of the relationships of landscape metrics with indices or indexes referred to social aspects, as advocate by Uuemaa, Antrop et al. (2009)
3) thanks to a meaningful description of landscapes characteristics the proposed classification can best serve as an effective tool to support decision makers on the identification of the best suitable RQD areas, if compared with the classification currently in force for the rural areas in Marche region
5) the overly with volunteered information has shown how despite local rural land managers depicts the territories comprise in the study area as typically dominated by rural landscapes, only the 15% of the sharing has been dedicated to that subject
7) Several limits imposes to deeply review the method: descriptors, algorithms, …
9) The validation of results remains one of the most challenging task
LIVING LANDSCAPE The European Landscape Convention in research perspective 18-19 October 2010 Florence (Italy)
Thank you for your attention
[email protected]@univpm.it