The role of online and distance education in national systemsAdnan Qayyum, Pennsylvania State UniversityOlaf Zawacki-Richter, University of Oldenburg October 6, 2016

Book initial questions

What his happening in DE in various countries? How does DE connect to higher education? What are DE enrollments? What is the role of government? What is the role of private sector? What are major challenges facing DE providers?

Book purpose

National Systems in an Era of Global Online Distance Education: Past, Practice, Prognosis to focus on DE in higher education to compare the structure of higher distance education

systems across countries to compare the organization of higher distance

education systems across 12 countries Identify different models of ODE in national systems

Initial reports–please provide feedback

Levels of DE Research

Levels of Distance Education Research

Macro level: DE systems and theories Access, equity and ethics Globalization of education and cross cultural aspects Distance teaching systems and institutions Theories and models Research methods and knowledge translation

Meso-level: Management, organization and tech Management and organization Costs and benefits Educational technology Innovation and change Professional development and faculty support Learner support services Quality assurance

Micro-level: teaching and learning in DE Instructional design Interaction and communications in learning communities Learner characteristics

Countries and author(s)

Country Author(s)1. Australia Colin Latchem2. Brasil Frederic Litto3. Canada Tony Bates4. China Li Chen5. Germany Ulrich Bernath & Joachim Stöter6. India Santosh Panda & Suresh Garg7. Russia (and former Soviet Union)

Olaf Zawacki-Richter, Diana Püplichhuysen & Anna Kourotchkina

8. South Africa Paul Prinsloo9. South Korea Cheolil Lim, Jihyun Lee & Hyosun

Choi10. Turkey Yasar Kondaci, Svenja Bedenlier &

Cengiz Hakan Aydin11. United Kingdom Anne Gaskell12. United States Michael Beaudoin

Topics in each chapter

1. the function and position of DE within the national higher education system

2. student enrollments in DE programs and funding of DE

3. an overview of major DE teaching and research institutions

4. the history and past of distance education including online education

5. the relationship between the public and the private sector DE

6. the relationship between DE and more established residential institutions

7. regulatory frameworks and policies of DE8. accreditation and quality assurance in DE9. future developments of DE in each country

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Book process

1. Request to authors2. Submission of first drafts3. Feedback from editors4. Revised drafts submitted5. Copy editing6. Submission to publisher reviewers7. Submission of revised text to

copy editors and production8. Public release (Spring 2016)

DE Enrollment

CountryEnrollment numbers

DE as percentage of higher education

enrollmentAustralia 250 000 18.0Brazil 1 341 842 17.1Canada 361 000 29.0China 6 310 000 17.73Germany 154325 5.5India 6 650 000 27.9Russia 2 783 900 49.3South Africa 355 240 36.0South Korea 241 100 8.0Turkey 1 374 269 22.7United Kingdom 173 889 7.7 United States 2 853 000 17.0

DE delivery modes

DE Providers

Government regulation of DE (permission, recognition, content, tuition)

Current challenges

Country Challenges1. Australia International demand; future of DE2. Brasil Government regulations, demand

(20%)3. Canada Management -institutions organize;

fac dev4. China Demand, on-campus providers, QA5. Germany Blended growth, private providers,

faculty6. India DECI regulatory board, ICT use7. Russia technocratic vs systems developing DE;

moving online8. South Africa Moving online; access, funding

regime change9. South Korea Growing lifelong learning; connecting

to HE10. Turkey Equal status; DE ICT demand;

regulations11. United Kingdom Government policies, cost12. United States Demand, private sector abuse

Next steps

Revised drafts Copy editing Submission to publisher reviewers Public release (Spring 2016)

Thank Youadnan@psu.edu