THE CENTER FOR EXCELLENCE in

PUBLIC SPEAKING

Skills Presentation for

Thesis Defense&

Other presentations

Module prepared by:Arnold C. Pa’alam, BSC, LLBHead, CEPS

WHY THIS COURSE?

THE NEED OF STUDENTS AS PERCEIVED

THE RESPONSE OF THE MANAGEMENT

THE ACTION

THE HOPE …

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Contents:

1. Our Objectives2. Audience & Speakers3. A good speech4. Parts of a speech: Intro-Body-Conclusion5. The 6 C’s of Language Use6. Outlining your speech7. Enriching your speech8. Effective Use of Visual Aids9. Authoritative References10. Handling Questions and Answers11. Voice: pitch, rate, loudness, breathing12. Body language13. Controlling fear14. Inputs for Thesis Defense

Objectives:

a.Learn the skillsb. Gain confidence

PROCESS

LISTEN

LOOK

DO

WORKSHOP

YOU

ON

STAGE.

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Audience expectations from a speaker:

• Knowledgeable : Technical know-how

• Credible : Integrity, Competence, Experience

• Charisma : Skills (natural or acquired) ...

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Responsibilities of a speaker.

• Fairness• Free from prejudices• Respect for people’s ideas• Truthful …

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The Purpose:

• TO INFORM?• TO PERSUADE?• TO ENCOURAGE INTO ACTION?

Note: Make single simple sentence to remind you always why you are writing the speech:

“ The purpose of this speech is to inform the audience about the global warming.”

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Characteristics of a good speech

YOU – Personal conviction.

AUDIENCE – You and the audience become ONE.

SPEECH - - message - purpose - reasons- presentation

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THE INTRODUCTION

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Objectives in making an introduction:

1. Attention & Interest.

2. Reveal and relate the topic Example: “solar stove”.

3. Establish credibility and goodwill.

4. Preview the body of your speech…

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Know how to start:

1. A QUESTION

2. ANNECDOTE

3. A PERSONAL STORY

4. A QUOTATION E.g. “To change this world, it must start within ourselves rather than merely hoping someone would . . . one person at a time.” - acp

5. USE HUMOR

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TOPIC: GLOBAL WARMINGMain Point 1: Global warming and its causeSub points: What is global warmingWhat is causing it?Who is causing it?Why is this happening? Main Point 2: Global warming and its effectSub points: What are its ill effects? What is the extent of the damage to this

time?What are the long term dangers & short term

dangers?Main Point 3: Global warming and it solutionsSub points: What can man do? What are the priorities?Who should get involved?What is the time frame involved?

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HOW TO END SPEECH?

a rhetorical question

a story

a quotation

a metaphor …

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BalanceBalance Body Body … longest … longest

part.part. IntroductionIntroduction & &

ConclusionConclusion …. …. equal in length. equal in length.

Consider the Consider the development of development of each main point.each main point.

OrderOrder

INTRODUCTION

CONCLUSION

BODY

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4. The 6 C’s of Language Use

To harness the power of language in your speech, your words must meet certain standards.

• Clarity• Color• Concreteness• Correctness• Conciseness• Cultural sensitivity…

OUTLINING YOUR

SPEECH

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Formal Outline

• Identify topic-purpose- thesis statement• Separation of speech parts:

Introduction-Body-Conclusion• Numbering & Lettering • Wording of main points & sub points• Title• List of major sources & references…

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Key-Word OutlineThe last phase in developing outline

• First: Master your speech contents

• Make you Key-words Outline

• Use Cue Cards …

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ENRICHING YOUR

SPEECH

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Kinds of Kinds of

presentation aids:presentation aids:

Yourself Yourself

Objects and modelsObjects and models

GraphicsGraphics

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Preparing your visual aid:

• Simple and easy• No over-crowding of data in a single frame.• Use fonts easy to read. • Use color effectively. Color increases :

- recognition by 78%- comprehension by 73%.

• Avoid excessive techniques...

DesignDesign

Color: Color: (Color psychology)(Color psychology) Test of physical strengthTest of physical strength Colors you see in burger Colors you see in burger

parlors. . . .parlors. . . .

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Color: Color: (Color psychology)(Color psychology)

Test physical strengthTest physical strength

A STRONG MAN WAS BROUGHT TO A ROOM.THE COLOR OF THE WALLS WAS PINK.

HE WAS ASKED TO CONCENTRATE FOR AWHILE ON THE PINK COLOR.

THEN HE WAS ASKED TO LIFT THE WEIGHT.

A STRONG MAN WAS BROUGHT TO A ROOM.THE COLOR OF THE WALLS WAS RED.

HE WAS ASKED TO CONCENTRATE FOR AWHILE ON THE RED COLOR.

THEN HE WAS ASKED TO LIFT THE WEIGHT.

THEN HE WAS ASKED: “IN WHICH ROOM DID YOU FEEL STRONGER?”

ANSWER:“IN THE RED ROOM.”

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Advantages of using visual aids:

• Enhances the speech• Increases Clarity• Promotes Interest • Improves Retention • Supports speech Content …

Guidelines when presenting your visual aids.

• Use a proper screen (non-glaring).• Display visual aids only while discussing them. • Maintain eye contact with your audience. • Go slow when stressing important point.• Avoid covering the screen with your own body. • Discourage anyone to handle your visual aids immediately before and during presentation…

6. Effective Use of Visual Aidsd. Kinds of Visual Aids

• Models – representing another object.• Photographs – picturesque presentation of facts.• Drawings - form of diagrams & drawings.• Graphs – to show statistics & trends.• Charts – to summarize large blocks of information. • Video – to create impact on an idea.• Transparencies …

7. AUTHORITATIVE REFERENCES Presenting Facts & Statistics

BENEFITS:a. Helps express controversial idea or point.b. Aid the panelists to understand you.

HOW TO HANDLE:a. Focus on the relevant, available, credible, and reliable. b. Use the most recent reliable facts and statistics. c. Use unbiased sources.d. Round-off statistical numbers: 95.67%

96% ...

Kinds of Testimonies.

Expert testimonyWhat? Validates informationWho? Persons with qualified training or experience.

Lay testimonyWhat? Builds identity and authenticityWho? Persons whose wisdom is highly regarded in a society.

Prestige Testimony What? Enhances credibility of the messageWho? Respected public figure...

8. Handling questions and answers

Good presentations normally attract questions, what to do:

a. Anticipating questions. b. For long / complicated / unclear question –

Rephrase it. c. Maintain eye contact with the panelist. d. Keep your answers short and direct.

e. Handle non-questions politely. f. At the end of session, thank your

audience/panel…

9. Using your voice effectively (expression)Right voice tone provokes different meanings.

Exercises: Say these words with voice expression, facial expression

& body language.

“HUNGRY”“TIRED”

“EXCITED”“ENJOY”

a. VOICE PITCH Habitual pitch - the level used most frequently. Optimum pitch - the level that produces strongest voice.

Exercise. GET YOUR OPTIMUM PITCH 1. Sing the sound ‘LA’ down to the lowest

comfortable pitch. 2. Now, sing up the scale notes to the highest tone you can comfortably produce.

Normal human range: approximately notes. Your optimum pitch is about of the way up your range.

If your range extends:12 notes, your optimum pitch = 3rd note up the scale; 16 notes, your optimum pitch = 4th note up the

scale...

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NO MAN IS AN ISLAND (GROUP EXERCISE)John Donne

No man is an island, entire of itself,Every man is a piece of the continentA part of the main,

If a clod be washed away by the sea,Europe is less,As well as if a promontory were,As well as if a manor of thy friendsOr of thine own were;Any man’s death diminished me,

Because I am involved in mankind,And therefore never send to knowFor whom the bell tolls,It tolls for thee.

b. Rate of speech. Expresses your speech mood. • Serious material: slow deliberate rate.• Lighter topics need a faster pace.

These variations may involve:• the duration of syllables• the use of pauses, and• the overall speed of presentation.

The typical speech rate: words/minute.

If it is Bahasa Indonesia (kurang-lebih) =

125

100

Pausing:

• highlights its importance• gives listeners time to catch up.• help build suspense and maintain interest.

For more practices, you may choose your own article and keep practicing the rate of your delivery...

c. Loudness of voice. No presentation can be effective if the audience cannot hear well the speaker.If there is no sound system, estimate your voice volume.If there is a sound system, know the proper use of microphone.

SIZE OF GROUP

20 PEOPLE50 PEOPLE

100 PEOPLE

SIZE OF PLACE

SMALL ROOMCLASSROOM

CONFERENCE ROOMSMALL AUDITORIUM

TYPES OF MICROPHONES

* MONO DIRECT.* MULTI DIRECT.* DISTANCE OF YOUR MOUTH

FROM THE MIC.

d. Breath control (EXERCISE) Voice Loudness is influence by how we breath.

Breathing properly.1. Stand UP… two feet about eight inches apart. 2. Place your hand on your lower rib cage, thumbs to the

front, finger to the back. 3. Take a deep breath - in thru’ nose… out thru’ mouth.4. Feel your ribs move.

Problem in breathing. 1. Take normal breath, count while exhaling 1 to 15 without

losing volume or feeling the need to breathe, you need to work on extending your breath control. Begin by counting 1-10 and gradually increase.

2. Do not try to compensate by breathing too deeply...

e. Variety of voice, pitch & loudness. - To avoid monotone.- Tells audience importance of the information.

Exercise:Kutaruh kakiku satunya di atas es. Aku sekarang di kolam air mancur. Es bergerak menjauh dari tepi, dan sedikit air naik ke permukaan es, tapi esnya tidak pecah. Aku mulai melangkah ke pilar. Jaraknya hanya sekitar empat meter pulang pergi, dan resiko yang kuambil hanyalah tercebur ke air dingin. Tapi aku tidak boleh berpikir tentang apa yang mungkin terjadi. Aku telah melakukan langkah pertama, dan aku harus terus melangkah sampai ke tujuan.

10. Effective body language It reinforces the verbal language.

Facial expression & eye contact

• Expresses human feelings.• Reflects/reinforces word meanings.• Helps establish rapport with audience.

(Note: However, eye contact in other cultures can be offensive. • In China, Indonesia, and rural Mexico,

people lower their eyes as a sign of deference.

• Some Native Americans may find direct eye contact offensive or aggressive.

• Americans are very strong in eye-to-eye contact.) …

11. OVERCOMING FEAR (stage-fright)

Stage-fright is normal. Fear pours adrenalin and other chemicals into our body and prepares it for a physical reaction. What can you do?

• Burn it. Keep moving around. • Muscle relaxation technique. • Control you breathing• Distraction method. (Imagine pleasant

memories, use Ipod, etc.) …

Kinds of fear

Audience ShockFear

- Criticism- Forgetting- Embarrassment - Failure- Unknown- Bad Past Experience - Mistake- Feeling strange …

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HOW TO OVERCOME FEAR (DEMAM PANGGUNG OR STAGE FRIGHT)

PENGUASAAN MATERI

PENGUASAAN PRESENTATION SKILLS

SIMULASI DGN KELOMPOK

ANTISIPASI PERTANYAAN

BREATHING EXERCISE

LIGHT PHYSICAL EXERCISE

MENTAL DISTRACTION …

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Here some practical input for your thesis defense

Proper attire !!!

Isi power point terlalu detil

Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu KomunikasiSekolah Tinggi Ilmu Komunikasi

The London School of Public The London School of Public Realtions – JakartaRealtions – Jakarta

STRATEGI PROMOSI PERUSAHAAN STRATEGI PROMOSI PERUSAHAAN OUTSOURCING DALAM MENINGKATKAN OUTSOURCING DALAM MENINGKATKAN

KONSUMENKONSUMEN

(Studi Deskriptif Pada PT. Intrias Mandiri Sejati)(Studi Deskriptif Pada PT. Intrias Mandiri Sejati)

Diajukan OlehDiajukan Oleh ::

NamaNama : X: X

NIMNIM : 200000000: 200000000

KonsentrasiKonsentrasi : Marketing: Marketing

BAB IBAB I PENDAHULUANPENDAHULUAN

1.11.1 Latar Belakang MasalahLatar Belakang MasalahDalam era globalisasi saat ini, perekonomian dunia berkembang Dalam era globalisasi saat ini, perekonomian dunia berkembang

pesat seiring pesat seiring dengan perkembangan industri di segala sektor. Seiring dengan perkembangan industri di segala sektor. Seiring dengan pesatnya dengan pesatnya perkembangan industri. Hal yang sangat berperan adalah perkembangan industri. Hal yang sangat berperan adalah sumber daya sumber daya manusia yang menjalankan industri tersebut. manusia yang menjalankan industri tersebut.

Di era globalisasi, sumber daya manusia yang dibutuhkan berbeda Di era globalisasi, sumber daya manusia yang dibutuhkan berbeda dengan dengan jaman dulu, dimana pada era globalisasi sumber daya jaman dulu, dimana pada era globalisasi sumber daya manusia dituntut manusia dituntut mempunyai keahlian. Hal ini sangat berkaitan dengan mempunyai keahlian. Hal ini sangat berkaitan dengan sektor pendidikan yang sektor pendidikan yang tentunya berperan besar dalam menciptakan tentunya berperan besar dalam menciptakan sumber daya manusia yang sumber daya manusia yang berkualitas dan terampil.berkualitas dan terampil.

OutsourcingOutsourcing hadir diantara perkembangan ekonomi dan hadir diantara perkembangan ekonomi dan perkembangan perkembangan industri untuk memberikan solusi kepada perusahaan dalam industri untuk memberikan solusi kepada perusahaan dalam mencari tenaga mencari tenaga kerja yang terampil. Hal ini dikarenakan kerja yang terampil. Hal ini dikarenakan outsourcingoutsourcing berperan besar bagi berperan besar bagi perusahaan dalam hal menyediakan sumber daya perusahaan dalam hal menyediakan sumber daya yang berkualitas.yang berkualitas.

Seiring dengan hal tersebut persaingan perusahaan outsourcing Seiring dengan hal tersebut persaingan perusahaan outsourcing semakin semakin ketat. PT. Intrias Mandiri Sejati dituntut agar dapat ketat. PT. Intrias Mandiri Sejati dituntut agar dapat memberikan layanan yang memberikan layanan yang lebih unik, menarik dan dapat meransang lebih unik, menarik dan dapat meransang konsumen.konsumen.

Berdasarkan hal tersebut, penulis tertarik mengkaji lebih dalam Berdasarkan hal tersebut, penulis tertarik mengkaji lebih dalam tentang PT. tentang PT. Intrias Mandiri Sejati khususnya perencanaan strategi Intrias Mandiri Sejati khususnya perencanaan strategi promosi yang dilakukan promosi yang dilakukan dalam menjalankan pemasaran untuk dalam menjalankan pemasaran untuk meningkatkan konsumen.meningkatkan konsumen.

BAB IBAB I PENDAHULUANPENDAHULUAN

1.11.1 Latar Belakang MasalahLatar Belakang Masalah

Era globalisasiEra globalisasi … perekonomian dunia … perekonomian dunia berkembang pesat.berkembang pesat.

Keahlian sumber daya manusia dituntut. Keahlian sumber daya manusia dituntut. Sektor pendidikan berperan. Sektor pendidikan berperan. OutsourcingOutsourcing menyediakan sumber daya menyediakan sumber daya yang yang

berkualitas.berkualitas.Persaingan perusahaan outsourcing semakin ketat. Persaingan perusahaan outsourcing semakin ketat.

PT. Intrias Mandiri Sejati dituntut agar lebih unik, PT. Intrias Mandiri Sejati dituntut agar lebih unik, menarik dan menarik dan dapat meransang konsumen.dapat meransang konsumen.

Penulis tertarik mengkaji lebih dalam tentang PT. Penulis tertarik mengkaji lebih dalam tentang PT. Intrias Intrias Mandiri Sejati khususnya perencanaan Mandiri Sejati khususnya perencanaan strategi promosi strategi promosi

yang dilakukan dalam menjalankan pemasaran yang dilakukan dalam menjalankan pemasaran untuk untuk meningkatkan konsumen.meningkatkan konsumen.

Frame backgroundyang

Menyilaukan !!!

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Frame backgroundYang

Terlalu padat !!!

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Management Approaches

A.Quantitative Approach to Management

or Management Scientific Approach

It suggests that managers can best improve their organisations by using the scientific method and mathematical techniques to solve operational problems…Management Approaches

B. Organisational Behavior ApproachBetter working condition = higher

productivity.Workers respond to the working

condition...

The Hawthorne Studies Illumination factor and productivity. •management was interested in them

and their welfare •the result was an increase in

productivity …

Management Approaches

C. The Systems ApproachLudwig von Bertallanfy, a

scientist who worked mainly in the areas of physics and biology, recognized as the founder of general system theory.

A system is a set of interrelated and interdependent parts arranged in a manner that produces a unified whole. (E.g. SOP) …

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USE FORMAL FORM OF BAHASA INDONESIAAVOID: BAHASA GAUL

* ‘GUE’, ‘AKU’* ‘DONG’* ‘LOH’* ‘DOANG’* DLL

POLITENESS IN SPEECH:•APA, PAK? (“Mohon maaf, Pak, pertanyaan anda boleh diulang?”• Menggunakan – “ANDA”

Bahasa & Ucapan

THE END

THANK YOU FOR JOINING US.