THE CELLOrganelle Functions

Cell Membrane

Controls the movement of material in and out of the cell.

Nucleus

Controls the actions of the cell.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Connects the parts of the cell. Allows for transportation of material around the cell.

Lysosomes

Cleans the cell of waste.

Golgi Apparatus

Packages nutrients for delivery throughout the cell.

Mitochondria

Produces energy from eaten food.

Cytoplasm

Jelly-like substance in the cell

Ribosomes

Makes proteins for the cell

Vacuole

Contains water and dissolved materials

Cell Wall (Plants Only)

Shapes and supports the cell

Chloroplasts (plants only)

Food for the plant is made here (photosynthesis)

Chlorophyll(plants only)

Traps sun light for photosynthesis

Do Now

What is a theory?

A Theory

Widely accepted

Supported by experimental evidence and observations

Cell Theory

Every living thing is made of one or more cells

Cells carry out the functions needed to support life

Cells come only from other living cells

Pasteur Experiment

Confirmed the cell theory

Did not support spontaneous generation-the idea that living things formed from non-living things

Classification of Cells

Archaea- “ancient” usually found in extreme environments. Prokaryotic cells

Bacteria-prokaryotic cells

Eukarya- are eukaryotic cells, more complex, includes all multicellular organisms and some unicellular organisms (protists and paramecium)

Multicellular

OrganismCells Tissues Organs Organ systems

Carbohydrates

Provides the cell with energy by breaking down sugar

Lipids

Are fats and oils that are used for energy and for making organelles in the cell

Lipids can’t mix with water important for the cell

Proteins

Made up of amino acids and are used by the cell for proper cell functioning

proteins help the cell transport materials in and out of the cell

Nucleic Acids

Provide the cell with the instructions for the maintenance, growth, and reproduction of the cell.

Cell Membrane

Made up of fats, provides a barrier between materials inside the cell and outside the cell.

Selectively permeable (semi-permeable)-only some things are allowed in/out of the cell.

Importance of Cell Membrane

Allow needed materials into the cell

Prevents unwanted materials from getting into the cell

Lets unneeded materials out of the cell

Cell Membrance animation

Cell Membrane

Passive Transport

When molecules move freely across the cell membrane. No energy is required from the cell.

Diffusion

Movement of material from an area of high concentration (crowded) to an area of low concentration (uncrowded).

Osmosis

Diffusion of water across a membrane

Diffusion Osmosis

Active Transport

When the cell uses energy to move material across the cell’s membrane.

Endocytosis

When the cell uses energy to move large molecules into the cell.

Exocytosis

When the cell uses energy to move large molecules out of the cell.

How does this picture represent Active

Transport?

PhotosynthesisPlants use energy from the sun to make food

Takes place in the chloroplasts by the chlorophyll

Materials needed: 1. Water (H2O)

2. Carbon dioxide (CO2)

Materials produced: 1. Glucose-sugar (C6H12O6)

2. Oxygen (O2 )

Photosynthesis

H2O + CO2 C6H12O6 + O2

RespirationProcess where a plant uses the sugar made during photosynthesis.

The use of sugar release energy

Takes place in the mitochondria

Produces waste: 1. Carbon dioxide

2. Water

Respiration

C6H12O6 + O2

H2O + CO2