cell organelle presentation
TRANSCRIPT
Prokaryote Vs. Eukaryote
Big differences
• Prokaryotes:– “Before nucleus”– Simple, smaller than Eukaryotic cells
• Eukaryotes– “True nucleus” – All Eukaryotes have three basic parts:
• Plasma membrane• Cytoplasm• Nucleus
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Prokayrotic Cells
• Kingdoms: – Archaeobacteria:
kingdom of primitive bacteria
• Oldest living organisms on earth
– Eubacteria: true bacteria
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Characteristics
• General characteristics: – Cell wall: murein
• Penicillin: how it works
– Cell membrane– Genetic Material
• Naked DNA not enclosed by a membrane
– Prokaryotes are small– Not able to join into
tissue– Some move using
flagellums or cillia
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Do NOT have
• Prokayrotes DO NOT HAVE: – Nucleus– Membrane bound
organelles QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Eukaryotic Cells
• Larger and more complex than prokaryotes
• Kingdoms: – Protista, animalia,
plantae,
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Eukaryotic Cells
• Evolved from prokaryotic cells
• Contain membrane bound nucleus– DNA
• Contains specialized organelles “little organs”
• Have the ability to combine into specialized tissue
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Essentials
• Eukaryotic Cells MUST HAVE: – PLASMA MEMBRANE
• Outer boundary of cell
– CYTOPLASM• Semi-fluid outside
nucleus
– NUCLEUS• Contains chromosomes
• Separated from cytoplasm
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
See the difference?
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
The Origin of Eukaryotic Cells
• Original Earth atmosphere did not contain oxygen
• Cynobacteria and archaea pumped oxygen into the environment – Give them a round of
applause
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
• Over millions of years oxygen became plentiful and cellular organisms evolved that could survive off of oxygen
• Problem for archaea– Anaerobic
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Solution?
• Engulf aerobic bacteria into their plasma membrane – Aerobic
• Some anaerobic bacterium picked up smaller aerobic mitochondrion
– Evolved into mitochondria • Others happened to pick up
photosynthesizing smaller bacteria
– Evolved into chloroplasts • Now they’re dependent on each
other
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Supporting evidence
• Mitochondria are considered proof for this theory – Contain their own
DNA– Enclosed in their
own membrane – Synthesize their own
energy
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Resolution
• Organisms could flourish in new environment – Further evolution of
specialized organelles
• Over millions of years you get infinite types of eukaryotic cells.
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
What are organelles?
• Definition: – specialized
structures that perform important cellular functions in eukaryotic cells
• Factory analogy • Body organ analogy
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
As a group:
• For each organelle you will write: • DEFINITION: short description of what it looks
like, where it is found, how to recognize it– Example: Definition of an iPOD: a small
technological device that comes in a variety of colors and contains songs you can play
• The FUNCTION is what it does: its purpose– Function of an iPOD: used as a portable device to
play music and is often used when someone is studying or exercising.
In Small Groups
• In your small table groups fill out the diagram and DEFINITION AND FUNCTION of all the organelles in a Eukaryotic Cell
• Then: quiz each other on the functions and definitions and the origin of the Eukaryotic cell.
• At the end we will have a face off!!