Organelle Presentation

Red Block ClassOctober 2012

Nucleus

Structure & Function

• Nuclear envelope- two lipid bilayers• Nucleoplasm- “cytoplasm” in cell• Nucleolus- DNA, produces ribosome RNA

•“brain” of the cell

•Controls motion and reproduction

http://www.clccharter.org/aa/projects/newmedicalproject2011/cellstructure.html

Location

•Eukaryote

•Middle of Cytoplasm

•Not near edge because too dangerous

•Plant and Animal cells

http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/animals/cell/

Analogy

• Kicking and Screaming- “Flying V”

Ribosome

Susan Roberts and Emily Ryan

Structure

- Composed mostly of RNA - It is in all types of cells- Made up of 2 pieces, called sub-units- It can be either free floating in the cell or

attached to Endoplasmic Reticulum

Function- Where proteins are made- Ribosomes take

amino acids and assemble them into proteins

- The DNA in cells sends out mRNA which are translated by the Ribosome into an amino acid chain

- Ribosomes are a site for protein synthesis where the amino acids are assembled into proteins

Analogy- They are similar to

Amazon. People (DNA) order items online and their purchase (protein) is sent to the warehouse (Ribosomes) through the internet (RNA) where the item is constructed and sent to your house (ER)

Sources- http://tinyurl.com/8eqacc3- http://tinyurl.com/97gvy8d-Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)

By Kyle Johnston and Idan Waksman

http://epiehonorsbiology.wikispaces.com/file/view/ROUGH_ER!!!!!!.jpg/276281726/ROUGH_ER!!!!!!.jpg

Function and Structure

-RER packages together proteins for inside and outside of the cell and creates the cell membrane.

-Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) stores steroids and ions for the cell

-RER and SER are both made up of membrane, however RER has ribosomes covering the outside which put together the proteins.

-RER looks like thin membranes covered in bumpy ribosomes.

Location-Only in eukaryotes-Located right next to the nucleus and surrounds

it-Not in bacteria because bacteria don't have a

nucleus.

http://www.4to40.com/images/science/Rough_Endoplasmic_Reticulum_Function/Rough_Endoplasmic_Reticulum_Function.jpg

Analogy

The rough endoplasmic reticulum can be thought of as a factory. Amino acids come in and then the RER produce the proteins and then "box them up" and ship them to other parts of the cell such as the golgi apparatus to be used by the body.

http://www.bradfitzpatrick.com/store/images/products/bs003-cartoon-factory.jpg

Sources

1. http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_er.html

2. http://www.bscb.org/?url=softcell/er3. Starr, Cecie, and Ralph Taggart. Biology the Unity and

Diversity of Life. California: Brooks/Cole, 2001. 106. Print.

The Golgi Apparatus

Lisa Waddell

What is a Golgi Apparatus?

• A stack of flat, membrane-bound vesicles (like empty sacks) that are surrounded by numerous smaller vesicles < Looks like a stack of deflated balloons>

• Made up of smooth cisternae, which are coated with lipid membranes

"Animal Cell." Protopage. Animalcell.com, n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2012. <http://www.protopage.com/bwineanimalcell>.

"Golgi Apparatus." Cell Organelles: Golgi Apparatus. Quill Graphics, 1994. Web. 15 Oct. 2012. <http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/golgi.htm>.

Where is a Golgi Apparatus?

• Found in eukaryotes (plants and animals) but not prokaryotes (bacteria/ archaebacteria)

• Inside a eukaryotic cell, it is found in the cytoplasm

Function of a Golgi Apparatus

• Its function is to direct traffic of macromolecules throughout the cells

• It is like the post office of the cell.– The street that the post office is

on is the cytoplasm – The packages are the

hormones and enzymes that are being transferred

– The postmen are the Golgi Body itself

Chloroplasts

By Carter Lofblad and Scott Higgins

Structure and Function

Chlorosplasts are the food producers in plant cells as well as protista

They perform photosynthesis in the cytoplasm, taking Place in the Thylakoid and stored in the rest of the chloroplasthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloroplasthttp://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_chloroplast.html

Location, Location, Location

• Chloroplasts are found in the cytoplasm of photosynthetic eukaryotes

http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/plants/cell/

Analogy

• The entire plant cell is like a house• The chloroplast is like the solar panels on

the roof because it produces energy

http://www.solarpowerhomesblog.net/

MitochondriaMeredith Cheek and Hannah Gilman

Definition: an organelle in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells in which cellular respiration produces energy.

Starr/Tagart textbook

A mitochondria is like the power plant of a eukaryotic cell.

Structure and Function• Has its own DNA

• ribosomes• Make own proteins• reproduce

• Inner membrane creates folds call cristae

• Provides additional surface area

• Matrix is space inside where cellular respiration occurs

http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/mitochondria/mitochondria.html

glucoseATP

Location• Found in eukaryotic cells (animal &plants)• Located in cytoplasm• Few in simple cells: yeast• Many in complex cells: muscles

http://www2.le.ac.uk/departments/emfpu/genetics/explained/mitochondrial

Organelle:LYSOSOME

Reynaldo Duran

FUNCTION- Organelle of intracellular digestion- Contains a potent brew of about 40 enzymes

that help break down proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and lipids

- Sometimes digest whole cells or cell parts- ex: Lysosomes destroy tail cells in growing tadpoles

-> Recycle the cell’s useless organic material in a process known as autophagy

Sources: “Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life” and micro.magnet.fsu.edu - Cell Biology: Lysosomes

STRUCTURE• Made up of a brew of enzymes

Image from micro.magnet.fsu.edu - Cell Biology: Lysosomes

LOCATION- Found only in eukaryotes- Moves through the cytoplasm- Found in plant and animal cells

Source: “Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life” Images from http://epiehonorsbiology.wikispaces.com/Lysosome and http://www.sciencekids.co.nz/pictures/humanbody/stomach.html

ANALOGY- Stomach

- Location of digestion- Contains enzymes- Breaks down nutrients- Acid -> deteriorate- Found in animals

Vacuoles

Chris Yee

Plant Cell

Animal Cell

•Stores Nutrients and Vital materials

•Regulates waste products within the cell

•Helps maintain Homeostasis

Large and Important part of Plant Cells

Fills with water to support the cell wall and structure of plant

Sources

1. www.biology-online.org/dictionary/vacuole

2. www.cod.edu/people/faculty/fancher/cellstructure.htm

3. library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

CytoskeletonBy Rachel Quigley

Function

• Is a muscle and skeleton for movement and stability

• Establishing cell shape• Provides mechanical strength

Structure

• Made up of microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate fibers

• Long fibers

Location

• Eukaryote• Fills the cytoplasm• Animal and plant cells

Analogy

• The cytoskeleton is a “track” for which cells can move organelles, chromosomes, etc.

Cell Walls!!

By: Cosimo Ferrante

http://www.zastavki.com/eng/Nature/Plants/wallpaper-19089-18.htm

Structure

• Made of specialized sugars- Cellulose• Cellulose is considered a complex sugar as it is

used for protection and support.• Has a middle lamella, a primary wall and three

layers of secondary walls.• The cell wall contains small holes in it that

allow nutrients, waste and ions through• These holes are called plasmodesmata

http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_wall.html

Location

• The cell wall is located around the outside of the cell membrane

• Cellulose cell walls are only found in plant cells• Cell walls are found ineukaryotic and

prokaryotic organisms

Helpful Analogy

• A cell wall is like a brick building that is strong and supportive. Like the doors and windows of a brick building cell walls have plasmodesmata to allow matter in and out.

Cell Membrane

Sandy GautierMaddie Picher

Function• When you think about a membrane, imagine it is like a big plastic bag with

some tiny holes. • This holds all of the cell pieces and fluids inside the cell and keeps any

harmful things outside of the cell• Support• Protection• Controls movement of materials in/out of cell• Barrier between cell and its environment• Maintains homeostasis

Structure• Compounds called proteins and phospholipids make up most of the cell membrane.• The phospholipids make the basic bag. The proteins are found

around the holes and help move molecules in and out of the cell.

• There is a bilayer of proteins.• Compare:

– Gate/Guards/Prison

http://wikis.engrade.com/cellpartsandfunctions1

Location

• Cell Membranes are found in both Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes– Plants inside cell wall– Animal outer layer – Bacteria outer layer

http://jpsy2011.blogspot.com/2011/02/animal-cells-and-plant-cells.html