the c character set: the characters used to form words, numbers and expression depends upon the...

Basic of Computer & 'C' Programming 1

Unit 2 The C Character Set LECTURE 11

The C Character Set: The Characters used to form words, numbers and Expression depends upon the computer on which program runs.

Letters.

Digits

White spaces

Special characters



Character Set:

1.Letters 2.Digit 3.White Space

Capital A to Z All Decimal digit 0-9

Blank space , New Line

Small a to z Horizontal Tab, Vertical Tab



Special Characters:Symbol Name Symbol Name

, Comma \ Back Slash

. Dot or Period ~ Tilde

; Semi Colon _ Under score

“ Quotation Mark

$ Dollar

! Exclamation Mark

? Question Mark

| Vertical Bar ^ Caret



Delimiters:

Delimiters Uses

: Colon Useful for label.

; Semicolon Terminates statements.

( ) Parenthesis Used in expression & Function

[ ] Square Used for array Declaration

{ } curly Brace Scope of statement

# Hash Preprocessor directive

, Comma Variable separator



C Key Word: The c key words are reserved word by the compiler. All c keywords have been assigned fixed meaning. The keywords cannot be used as variable names because they have been assigned fixed job. E.g

Auto, Break, Case, Char, Const, Default, Continue, Do, Double, Else, If, Float, Int ,For, While, Void, Switch, Return, Long, struct



Identifiers:- Identifiers are names of variable, function and arrays. They are user-defined names consisting of sequence of letters and digit with the letters as the 1st character. Lower case letters are preferred. However the upper case letters are also permitted. The (-) underscore symbol can be used as an identifier. In general underscore is used as a link between two words in long identifiers.

Example:

#define N 10

#define a 15

Here N, a are user define identifiers.



Constants: The constants in c are applicable to the values, which do not change during the execution of a program.

1.Numeric Constant 2. Character Constant.

a) Integer Constant a)Single Char Constant

b) Real Constant b)String Constant



Variables: A variable is a data names used for storing a data values. Its value may be changed during the program execution.

Example: Height, Average, Sum, etc.



Data Types: All c compilers support a variety of data types. This enables the programmer to select the appropriate data types as per the need of the application. Generally data is represented using numbers or characters.



Data types and their control strings.

Data Types Size Range Format string

Char 1 -128 to 127 %c

Unsigned Char 1 0 to 255 %c

Short or int 2 -32768 t0 32767 %i or %d

Unsigned int 2 0 to 65535 %u

Long 4 -2147483648 to 2147483647

%ld

Unsigned Long 4 0 to 4294967295 %lu

Float 4 3.4 e -308 to 1.7 e +308 %lf

Double 8 1.7 e -308 to 1.7 e +308 %lf



Operators & Expression

Operator:

Arithmetic Operator- +, -, *, /, %.

Logical- &&, ||, !

Relational - <,>,<=,>=

Increment - ++

Decrement –



Unary Arithmetic Operates:-

Operator Description or Action

- Minus

++ Increment

- - Decrement

& Address Operator

Size of Give the size of variable



Ex-1 x=37 , y=5

(a) x+y =42

(b) x-y =32

(c) x*y =185

(d) x/y =7

(e) x%y =2.



Ex-2 #include<stdio.h>

void main()

{

int x,y,z,a,b,c,d;

x=22;

y=3;

a=x+y;

b=x-y;

c= x/y;

z=x*y;

d=x%y;

printf(“a=%d,b=%d,c=%d,z=%d,d=%d\n”,a,b,c,z,d); }

a=25, b=19, c=7, z=66, d=1



Increment operator + + Decrement Operator - - Q- Find the Output of the following programs 1. int i; i=2; printf(“i=%d”,i); i=2 printf(“i=%d\n”,++i); i=3 printf(“i=%d\n”,i); i=3



int i; i=2; printf(“i=%d\n”,i); i=2 printf(“i=%d\n”,i++); i=2 printf(“i=%d\n”,i); i=3int m,y; m=3; y=++m; pritnf(“y=%d\n”,y); y=4 y=m++; printf(“y=%d\n”,y); y=4 printf(“m=%d\n”,m); y=5



Find the output of the following programs 1. int m,n; m=3; n=3; ++m; n++; printf(“m=%d and n=%d\n”,m, n);

m=4 & n=4



2. int m,n;

m=3;

n=3;

printf(“m=%d and n=%d\n”,++m,n++); m=4 & n=3

find the Output of the following programs

#include<stdio.h>

void main()

{

i,j,m,n;

i=9;

j=11;

m=++i/2-2;

printf(”m=%d\n”,m);

n=j++ -1;

printf(“n=%d\n”,n); } m=3n=10



Q. Find the value of c & d

2nd a,b;

a=2;

b=3; c=6,d=12

c=++a;

c*=2;

d=b++;

d*=b;


Unit 2 The C Character Set LECTURE 11Q.Find the output of following Program:-

#include<stdio.h>

main()

{

i,j,k;

i=10;

j=5;

k=++i-j;

printf(“k=%d\n”,k);

k=i++ +j;

printf(“k=%d\n”,k);

}

K=6

K=16



Q. Find the output of following.

#include<stdio.h>

main()

{

int x,z;

x=6;

z=++x + x++;

printf(“z=%d\n”,z);

printf(“x=%d\n”,x);”

}

z=14,x=8



Q. Find the output of the following program.

#include<stdio.h>

int x;

int z;

x=6;

z=x++ + ++x;

printf(“z=%d and x=%d\n”,z,x);

}

z=14; x=8;



Q. Find the output of following program.

#include<stdio.h>void main()

{

int x,y,z;

x=7;y=3;

x=x++ + y++;

printf(“z=%d x=%d y=%d\n”,z,x,y);

}

z=14 and x=8



Thanks

the c character set: the characters used to form words, numbers and expression depends upon the...

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