the multiplication - headstartprimary.com · round up or down to find an estimated answer (2-digits...
TRANSCRIPT
Primary Maths Basics Series
written by Jillian Cockings
A progression of multiplication skills
THE MULTIPLICATION
BOOK
SAMPLE
PAGES
© Copyright SP Educational 2013
This book is intended to help secure the mathematical concept of multiplication in children of all ages. The mastery of efficient mental and written methods of multiplication is integral to the acquisition of basic number skills, upon which mathematics is built.
Without these solid foundations, children will often encounter difficulties as mathematical concepts become more complex. Any gaps in basic number knowledge and understanding can lead to a lack of ability and confidence as children are presented with more challenging mathematical concepts at school and in their everyday lives.
Multiplication skills are practised here discretely in order to embed the processes, but once proficiency has been established, the relationship between subtraction, addition, multiplication and division can then be consolidated. Once this firm grounding of number is built, children can move forward confidently in maths.
The exercises in the book are designed to provide a progression of vital multiplication skills. As a general rule, the calculations on each page become more challenging as children work through sections 1 to 4. Some of the exercises, such as multiplying by 10 may be less challenging that those on previous pages, but are positioned in the book to demonstrate the progression of a concept. Most children will be at some stage of this continuum in their understanding of multiplication. By working through the exercises, under the guidance or supervision of an adult, any gaps in understanding or knowledge that children have will quickly become apparent. Guidance and further practice can then be employed to fill the gaps before moving on. On pages which rely heavily on mental techniques, a ‘Score and Time’ record is available. This will help children hone their mental speed and accuracy. By the time a child has reached the end of the book, their mental and written methods of multiplication will be more secure and they will be confident to use and apply their skills to a variety of mathematical problems.
This book has purposely avoided detailed descriptions of various methods of mental and written multiplication strategies. It is important that children are taught following the policies and methods agreed by their school so that teaching and learning are consistent for the child. There are often several ways to solve a mental or written calculation and more able children will enjoy the challenge of discovering different ways to find a solution. It is a good idea, however, to agree upon a method that works for the child and is part of the school’s mental and written calculations policy. On each page, Maths Monkey has given a tip to provide some basic guidance, but this does not mean that this is the only way to find a solution.
(Continued on next page)
INTRODUCTION
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© Copyright SP Educational 2013
At the back of the book, there is a multiplication grid which will help children, particulary in the early stages of their understanding. The grid method and column methods of multiplication are also demonstrated. Other mental or written methods of multiplication should follow the calculations policy of the child’s school.
To complete many of the exercises in the book, children will need squared paper.
2 x 3 x 4 equals 3 x 2 x 4which equals 4 x 2 x 3,
which also equals 3 x 4 x 2
MULTIPLICATION (x)
THE VOCABULARY OF MULTIPLICATION
• Multiplication is the inverse (opposite) of division
• Multiplication is commutative, whereas division is not
• Multiplication is an efficient method of adding together several sets of the same number or quantity
multiply
triple
doublesets of
three times, four times etc
groups of
commutative law
factor
multiple
quadruple
times
row
column
lots of
product
repeated addition
inverse of division
The pages of this book may be printed or photocopied for use in the purchasing institution only.
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© Copyright SP Educational 2013
THE MULTIPLICATION BOOK - CONTENTS
OBJECTIVEPAGECount forwards in twosCount backwards in twosCount forwards and backwards in fivesCount forwards and backwards in tensBegin to understand multiplication by adding in an array (fives and tens)Begin to understand multiplication by adding in an array (twos and threes)Begin to understand multiplication by adding in an array (fours and sixes)Understand the relationship between multiplication and addition (fives and tens)Understand the relationship between multiplication and addition (twos and threes)Understand the relationship between multiplication and addition (fours and sixes)Understand the relationship between multiplication and addition (sevens and eights)Understand the relationship between multiplication and addition (nines and elevens)Multiply by 2 with increasing speed and accuracyMultiply by 5 with increasing speed and accuracyMultiply by 10 with increasing speed and accuracyMultiply by 3 with increasing speed and accuracyMultiply by 4 with increasing speed and accuracyMultiply by 6 with increasing speed and accuracyMultiply by 7 with increasing speed and accuracyMultiply by 8 with increasing speed and accuracyMultiply by 9 with increasing speed and accuracyMultiply by 11 with increasing speed and accuracyMultiply by 12 with increasing speed and accuracyUnderstand that multiplication can be done in any order (twos, fives and tens)Understand that multiplication can be done in any order (threes, fours and sixes)Understand that multiplication can be done in any order (sevens, eights and nines)Understand that multiplication can be done in any order (elevens and twelves)Understand that when a number is multiplied by itself, a square number is created.Use knowledge of times tables to multiply by a decimal number (twos and fives)Use knowledge of times tables to multiply by a decimal number (threes and fours)Use knowledge of times tables to multiply by a decimal number (sixes and sevens)Use knowledge of times tables to multiply by a decimal number (eights and nines)Use the inverse of multiplication (division) to find missing numbers (twos and fives)Use the inverse of multiplication (division) to find missing numbers (threes and fours)Use the inverse of multiplication (division) to find missing numbers (sixes and sevens)Use the inverse of multiplication (division) to find missing numbers (eights and nines)Double 1-digit numbersDouble 2-digit numbersDouble 2-digit numbers (bridging the 10 and 100 boundary)Multiply 2-digit numbers by 4Multiply 2-digit numbers by 20 and 40Multiply 2-digit numbers by 10Multiply 3-digit numbers by 10
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THE MULTIPLICATION BOOK - CONTENTS
© Copyright SP Educational 2013
Multiply numbers with one decimal place (ones and tenths) by 10Multiply numbers with one decimal place (tens, ones and tenths) by 10Multiply 1-digit numbers by 100Multiply 2-digit numbers by 100Multiply 3-digit numbers by 100Multiply numbers with one decimal place (ones and tenths) by 100Multiply numbers with one decimal place (tens, ones and tenths) by 100Use knowledge of multiplying by 10 and 100 to find missing numbersChange pounds into pence and pence into poundsChange litres into millilitres and millilitres to litresChange kilograms to grams and grams to kilogramsMultiply multiples of 10 by a 1-digit numberMultiply multiples of 100 by a 1-digit numberMultiply by near multiples of 10 (rounding up and compensating)Multiply by near multiples of 10 (rounding down and compensating)Multiply by near multiples of 10 (rounding up or down and compensating)Multiply a 2-digit number by a 1-digit number (Part 1)Multiply a 2-digit number by a 1-digit number (Part 2)Multiply a decimal number by a 1-digit number (Part 1 - 2x, 3x, 4x and 5x)Multiply a decimal number by a 1-digit number (Part 2 - 6x, 7x, 8x and 9x)Round up or down to find an estimated answer (ones and tenths x ones and tenths)Round up or down to find an estimated answer (2-digits x 2-digits)Round up or down to find an estimated answer (3-digits x 3-digits)Use a written method to multiply a 2-digit number by a 1-digit number (Part 1 - 2x, 3x, 4x and 5x)Use a written method to multiply a 2-digit number by a 1-digit number (Part 2 - 6x and 7x)Use a written method to multiply a 2-digit number by a 1-digit number (Part 3 - 8x and 9x)Use a written method to multiply a 3-digit number by a 1-digit number (Part 1 - 2x, 3x, 4x and 5x)Use a written method to multiply a 3-digit number by a 1-digit number (Part 2 - 6x, 7x, 8x and 9x)Use a written method to multiply a 2-digit number by a 2-digit number (Part 1 - numbers less than 50)Use a written method to multiply a 2-digit number by a 2-digit number (Part 2 - numbers greater than 50)Use a written method to multiply a 3-digit number by a 2-digit number (Part 1 - using up to 7x)Use a written method to multiply a 3-digit number by a 2-digit number (Part 2 - using up to 9x)Multiply a 4-digit number by a 1-digit numberMultiply a decimal number (ones and tenths) by a 1-digit number using a written method Multiply a decimal number (ones and tenths) by a 2-digit number using a written method Multiply a decimal number (tens, ones and tenths) by a 1-digit number using a written method Multiply a decimal number (tens, ones and tenths) by a 1-digit number using a written method Multiply a decimal number (tens, ones, tenths and hundredths) by a 1-digit number using a written method Multiply any decimal number by a 2-digit numberMULTIPLICATION GRIDTHE GRID METHOD OF WRITTEN MULTIPLICATIONTHE COLUMN METHOD OF WRITTEN MULTIPLICATIONANSWERS – THE MULTIPLICATION BOOK
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OBJECTIVEPAGE
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1
a
b
c
d
e
a
b
c
d
e
a
b
c
d
e
a
b
c
d
e
1
2
3
4
© Copyright SP Educational 2013
Count forwards in twos
Name
Year/Class
OBJECTIVE
Remember to add 2 each time.
2
2
14
16
26
18
24
32
28
18
46
74
64
4
4
16
28
30
40
6
6
30
22
28
32
36
34
42
32
78
90
8
8
20
22
34
36
34
24
36
52
70
10
10
24
34
38
18
94
Score.................. Time..................
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4
a
b
c
d
e
a
b
c
d
e
a
b
c
d
e
a
b
c
d
e
1
2
3
4
© Copyright SP Educational 2013
Count forwards and backwards in tens
Name
Year/Class
OBJECTIVE
Remember to add or take 10
each time.
10
20
30
70
40
110
160
250
540
50
80
110
320
780
900
930
20
40
100
400
500
920
30
40
60
560
320
60
90
90
390
760
60
100
140
280
330
290
480
50
60
200
470
860
Score.................. Time..................
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10
a
b
c
d
e
a
b
c
d
e
a
b
c
d
e
a
b
c
d
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1
2
3
4
© Copyright SP Educational 2013
Understand the relationship between multiplication and addition (fours and sixes)
Name
Year/Class
OBJECTIVE
Have you noticed that 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 is the same as 4 x 4?
4 + 4 + 4
5 x 4
3 x 4
6 x 4
4 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 4
1 x 4
4 x 4
4 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 4
4 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 4
8 x 4
2 x 6
6 + 6 + 6
3 x 6
6 x 6
6 + 6 + 6 + 6 + 6
4 x 6
6 + 6
6 + 6 + 6 + 6
6 + 6 + 6 + 6 + 6 + 6
7 x 6
=
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=
=
=
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=
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=
Score.................. Time..................
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18
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b
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d
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f
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a
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f
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a
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a
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1
3
2
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© Copyright SP Educational 2013
Try to beat your best combined score
and time.Multiply by 6 with increasing speed and accuracy
Name
Year/Class
OBJECTIVE
2
4
10
7
6
11
3
5
4
6
11
8
9
11
4
8
2
1
12
5
9
7
6
3
9
8
10
12
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
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Score.................. Time..................
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23
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f
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a
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d
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f
g
a
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d
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a
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c
d
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f
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1
3
2
4
© Copyright SP Educational 2013
Multiply by 12 with increasing speed and accuracy
Practise, practise practise
and you will become quicker, quicker,
quicker!
Name
Year/Class
OBJECTIVE
3
7
4
5
1
10
6
4
9
11
6
12
10
8
2
9
5
12
8
4
11
8
5
12
9
11
7
6
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
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Score.................. Time..................Score.................. Time..................
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32
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f
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f
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a
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a
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c
d
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g
1
3
2
4
© Copyright SP Educational 2013
After multiplying by 8 or 9, remember to
put the decimal point in the answer.
Use knowledge of times tables to multiply by a decimal number (eights and nines)
Name
Year/Class
OBJECTIVE
1
4
2
5
3
2
4
4
6
5
8
7
11
10
3
4
7
6
8
5
9
9
9
6
7
12
10
11
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
0.8
0.9
0.8
0.9
0.8
0.9
0.8
0.8
0.9
0.8
0.9
0.8
0.9
0.9
0.8
0.9
0.8
0.9
0.8
0.9
0.8
0.9
0.8
0.8
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.8
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Score.................. Time..................
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36
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b
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d
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f
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a
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d
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f
g
a
b
c
d
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f
g
a
b
c
d
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f
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1
3
2
4
© Copyright SP Educational 2013
Use the inverse of multiplication (division) to find missing numbers (eights and nines)
Name
Year/Class
OBJECTIVE
Try working back from the answer to find the missing number.
3
5
6
3
6
5
7
8
7
9
8
12
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
16
24
40
32
48
56
40
36
72
27
18
54
63
45
72
80
56
88
48
64
96
54
45
63
81
99
72
108
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Score.................. Time..................
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39
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b
c
d
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f
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a
b
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d
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f
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a
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d
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f
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a
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d
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1
3
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© Copyright SP Educational 2013
Double the ones first, then the tens, then add together.
Double 2-digit numbers(bridging the 10 and 100 boundary)
Name
Year/Class
OBJECTIVE
46 x 2
38 x 2
29 doubled
45 doubled
18 x 2
37 x 2
47 doubled
86 x 2
78 x 2
66 doubled
87 doubled
69 x 2
59 x 2
88 doubled
55 doubled
48 x 2
68 doubled
78 x 2
58 doubled
79 x 2
67 doubled
99 doubled
65 x 2
96 doubled
77 x 2
97 doubled
89 x 2
98 doubled
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Score.................. Time..................Score.................. Time..................
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48
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
a
b
c
d
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f
g
a
b
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d
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f
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a
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d
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f
g
1
3
2
4
© Copyright SP Educational 2013
Larger numbers now but the same
method - 2 place shift to the
left.
Multiply 3-digit numbers by 100
Name
Year/Class
OBJECTIVE
296
347
703
915
413
852
243
692
458
269
817
356
896
581
658
306
449
255
781
567
311
258
869
513
904
745
581
273
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
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Score.................. Time..................
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50
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
a
b
c
d
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f
g
a
b
c
d
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f
g
a
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c
d
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1
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© Copyright SP Educational 2013
Keep the decimal point
still but move the digits 2 places to the left. Put a zero if there is a space.
Multiply numbers with one decimal place (tens, ones and tenths) by 100
Name
Year/Class
OBJECTIVE
26.7
46.2
95.6
53.8
30.6
74.5
54.9
63.4
26.8
86.9
44.6
91.6
38.9
76.3
35.7
50.6
98.7
65.8
25.8
91.7
77.8
35.3
66.9
85.8
45.7
85.7
25.9
61.3
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
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Score.................. Time..................
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54
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
a
b
c
d
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f
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a
b
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d
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f
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a
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1
3
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© Copyright SP Educational 2013
Change kilograms to grams and grams to kilograms
To change kilograms to grams multiply by 1000. To change grams to kilograms divide by 1000.Name
Year/Class
OBJECTIVE
6kg
2.5kg
4000g
3.5kg
8kg
9kg
7000g
9710g
6.91kg
4600g
6.75kg
7.153kg
5300g
8.916kg
16200g
23.45kg
35.491kg
64310g
64.652kg
85910g
93.001kg
8000g
10kg
6.5kg
3.5kg
6000g
3.2kg
4.7kg
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=
kg
g
kg
g
g
kg
g
g
g
kg
g
g
g
kg
kg
g
g
kg
g
kg
g
kg
g
g
g
kg
g
g
Score.................. Time..................
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57
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f
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a
b
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f
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a
b
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a
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© Copyright SP Educational 2013
Multiply by near multiples of 10 (rounding up and compensating)
Name
Year/Class
OBJECTIVE Firstly, round up the
larger number to a multiple of 10, then multiply,
then compensate at the end by subtracting one lot of the smaller number.
19
39
19
49
79
69
89
39
59
69
89
59
79
49
39
19
49
79
69
29
89
29
39
69
49
59
79
59
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
2
5
3
2
3
5
2
7
9
8
7
8
9
7
4
6
7
6
7
4
7
9
11
12
9
12
11
9
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Score.................. Time..................Score.................. Time..................
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65
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© Copyright SP Educational 2013
Round up or down to find an estimated answer (2-digits x 2-digits)
Name
Year/Class
OBJECTIVERound up or down to the
nearest 10, then multiply to find the estimated
answer.
51
29
63
48
62
28
69
98
87
52
77
83
78
97
41
38
73
49
58
52
29
89
69
92
99
73
88
92
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
19
32
49
62
18
82
29
72
81
69
63
78
42
81
49
43
38
22
31
68
71
72
81
88
62
89
61
79
Score.................. Time..................Score.................. Time..................
SAMPLE
SAMPLE
67
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
1
3
2
4
© Copyright SP Educational 2013
Use a written method to multiply a 2-digit number by a 1-digit number (Part 1 - 2x, 3x, 4x and 5x)
Name
Year/Class
OBJECTIVE If you are not sure, check out pages 84/85 for the grid
method or pages 87/88 for the
compact method. Decide which method is best
for you.
81
65
76
28
34
59
35
47
69
76
94
88
76
74
78
33
64
36
29
56
94
86
95
69
98
89
77
92
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
2
2
5
3
5
3
4
3
5
4
4
3
5
3
5
4
3
5
4
5
3
4
5
3
5
4
3
4
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
Score.................. Time..................
SAMPLE
SAMPLE
75
a
b
c
d
e
a
b
c
d
e
a
b
c
d
e
a
b
c
d
e
1
2
3
4
© Copyright SP Educational 2013
Use a written method to multiply a 3-digit number by a 2-digit number (Part 2 - using up to 9x)
Name
Year/Class
OBJECTIVE
Larger numbers now, but the same method works for these.
345
661
659
556
247
667
889
786
589
986
819
839
367
806
769
597
759
775
759
989
45
24
59
63
69
48
76
56
67
87
81
29
85
93
36
98
86
96
95
96
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
SAMPLE
SAMPLE
82
a
b
c
d
e
a
b
c
d
e
a
b
c
d
e
1
2
3
© Copyright SP Educational 2013
Multiply any decimal number by a 2-digit number
Name
Year/Class
OBJECTIVE
Check out page 90 if you are not sure about the method.
24.23
36.41
53.46
36.45
62.34
27.486
264.98
8.4698
2974.6
894.92
6.483
8.394
9.218
7.743
8.954
24
33
42
66
46
68
93
74
89
46
47
68
76
83
96
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
SAMPLE
SAMPLE
84© Copyright SP Educational 2013
THE GRID METHOD OF WRITTEN MULTIPLICATION
The grid method demonstrates clearly how multiplication works. Once you have mastered the grid method, you can move confidently into the more compact column method.
For example, the calculation 327 x 6 would be done like this:
Here’s how to multiply
using the grid method.
STEP 1
STEP 2
Partition the numbers into hundreds, tens and ones (units) and position them along the outside of the grid, as shown.
Now multiply each of the numbers across the top (300, 20 and 7) by the number down the side (6). Write the answers in the grid, as shown.
300
3001800
6
6
20
20120
7
742
x
x SAMPLE
SAMPLE
87© Copyright SP Educational 2013
THE COLUMN METHOD OF WRITTEN MULTIPLICATION
When setting out, write the larger number on top. Line up the digits in the ones (units) column underneath each other.
Now multiply the digit in the ones column on the top row (7) by the digit below (6) to get the answer (42). Write the 2 (2 ones) inbetween the lines and carry the 4 (4 tens) into the tens column. Write the 4 below the lines.
The column method is the most compact method of short and long multiplication. The numbers are set out with the larger number above the smaller one, as shown in the example below.
For example, the calculation 327 x 6 would be done like this:
Here’s how to multiply using
the column method.
STEP 1
STEP 2
4
2
2
3
3
7
6
7
6
2
x
xSAMPLE
SAMPLE
90© Copyright SP Educational 2013
This method works for numbers
of any size.
It also works for decimal numbers. Look at the example below to see what
I mean.
For example, the calculation
53.9 x 6.7 would be done like this:
Firstly, ignore the decimal point when carrying out the calculations. Put back the decimal point in the answer by matching the number of decimal places in the original numbers. In this example, each of the original numbers has 1 decimal place so the answer needs 2 decimal places.
3
2
6
3
3
.
.
.
3
6
7
4
1
5
7
3
1
9
7
3
0
3
x
6
5
1
2
2
1SAMPLE
SAMPLE
91© Copyright SP Educational 2013
Page 1: 1) a) 8, 10 b) 2 c) 4, 6 d) 18, 22 e) 18, 202) a) 32 b) 20, 24, 26 c) 26, 30, 32 d) 28, 36 e) 34, 38, 403) a) 30, 32, 38 b) 38, 44, 46 c) 30, 36 d) 20, 22, 26 e) 30, 32, 344) a) 10, 12, 14, 16 b) 48, 50, 54 c) 76, 80, 82 d) 86, 88, 92 e) 66, 68, 72
Page 2: 1) a) 8, 6 b) 16, 12 c) 10, 4 d) 20, 14 e) 20, 18, 122) a) 24, 22 b) 28, 22 c) 26, 24, 20 d) 30, 24, 22 e) 26, 243) a) 48, 46, 44 b) 46, 42, 40 c) 70, 64, 62 d) 76, 74 e) 70, 68, 644) a) 82, 78, 76 b) 86, 84, 80 c) 98, 92 d) 92, 90, 84 e) 86, 84, 82, 80
Page 3: 1) a) 20 b) 5 c) 10, 15 d) 25, 30, 40 e) 30, 352) a) 20, 25, 40 b) 45, 50 c) 75, 80 d) 25, 30, 45 e) 80, 85, 953) a) 70, 60 b) 20, 10, 5 c) 60, 55 d) 65, 55 e) 55, 50, 454) a) 85, 80, 75 b) 40, 30, 20 c) 55, 50 d) 95, 90, 80 e) 100, 90
Page 4: 1) a) 40 b) 30, 50 c) 40, 50, 70 d) 80, 90, 110 e) 50, 70, 802) a) 120, 130, 150 b) 170, 180, 190 c) 260, 270, 290 d) 550, 570, 580 e) 300, 310, 3403) a) 30, 20, 10 b) 70, 50, 40 c) 100, 80, 70 d) 110, 80, 70 e) 310, 300, 2804) a) 410, 380, 370 b) 510, 490 c) 770, 750, 740 d) 890, 880, 870 e) 910, 900, 890
Page 5: 1) a) 10 b) 20 c) 25 d) 15 e) 302) a) 20 b) 15 c) 10 d) 40 e) 353) a) 20 b) 30 c) 40 d) 50 e) 604) a) 50 b) 40 c) 80 d) 60 e) 70
Page 6: 1) a) 4 b) 8 c) 6 d) 12 e) 162) a) 12 b) 4 c) 14 d) 16 e) 103) a) 6 b) 15 c) 12 d) 9 e) 184) a) 12 b) 6 c) 18 d) 27 e) 21
Page 7: 1) a) 8 b) 16 c) 12 d) 28 e) 202) a) 16 b) 20 c) 24 d) 12 e) 323) a) 12 b) 30 c) 24 d) 18 e) 424) a) 18 b) 42 c) 24 d) 100 e) 48
Page 8: 1) a) 10 b) 15 c) 25 d) 35 e) 352) a) 10 b) 30 c) 20 d) 45 e) 253) a) 30 b) 20 c) 40 d) 70 e) 904) a) 60 b) 20 c) 50 d) 100 e) 30
Page 9: 1) a) 4 b) 8 c) 6 d) 14 e) 82) a) 10 b) 4 c) 6 d) 8 e) 143) a) 9 b) 15 c) 12 d) 15 e) 274) a) 6 b) 6 c) 18 d) 24 e) 21
Page 10: 1) a) 12 b) 20 c) 12 d) 24 e) 282) a) 4 b) 16 c) 24 d) 20 e) 323) a) 12 b) 18 c) 18 d) 36 e) 304) a) 24 b) 12 c) 24 d) 36 e) 42
Page 11: 1) a) 14 b) 21 c) 21 d) 35 e) 352) a) 42 b) 28 c) 49 d) 63 e) 353) a) 16 b) 24 c) 32 d) 40 e) 484) a) 24 b) 24 c) 56 d) 40 e) 64
Page 12: 1) a) 18 b) 18 c) 72 d) 36 e) 272) a) 45 b) 36 c) 45 d) 54 e) 633) a) 22 b) 22 c) 44 d) 66 e) 774) a) 66 b) 33 c) 77 d) 55 e) 88
ANSWERS - THE MULTIPLICATION BOOK
SAMPLE
SAMPLE