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The Business of Science®© Oxford Instruments 2009
Oxford Instruments Industrial Analysis
Oxford Instruments Analytical GmbH
Wellesweg 31
D- 47589 Uedem (Germany)
Jochen Meurs
Senior Product Manager OES
Oxford Instruments
The Business of Science®© Oxford Instruments 2009
Industrial Analysis
OPTICAL EMISSION SPECTROMETRY
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The Business of Science®© Oxford Instruments 2009
Industrial Analysis
It is all about light, wavelength and peaks
In 1666 Isaac Newton collected sunlight with a magnifying glass, sent these beams of light through a prism and observed the passing light on a screen. He noticed a separation into colours. This colour ribbon is called a spectrum.
Oxford Instruments
The Business of Science®© Oxford Instruments 2009
Industrial Analysis
Physical basics - Atoms
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The Business of Science®© Oxford Instruments 2009
Industrial Analysis
Physical basics - Atoms
Oxford Instruments
The Business of Science®© Oxford Instruments 2009
Industrial Analysis
Physical basics - Atoms
Oxford Instruments
The Business of Science®© Oxford Instruments 2009
Industrial Analysis
Physical basics – emission of light
Energy
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The Business of Science®© Oxford Instruments 2009
Industrial Analysis
Physical basics – emission of light
Oxford Instruments
The Business of Science®© Oxford Instruments 2009
Industrial Analysis
Physical basics - Light
Oxford Instruments
The Business of Science®© Oxford Instruments 2009
Industrial Analysis
What is Light and what is a SpectrumLight :
• General definition: light is what we can see
• But light is a wave (energy) where different colours have different wavelengths (energy)
Spectrum :• Is a continuous range or sequence
defined in a particular order. • The colours available in a rainbow
and visible by the human eye define a spectrum in which the individual colours has a defined appearance order and going from lower to higher wavelength (blue to red)
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The Business of Science®© Oxford Instruments 2009
Industrial Analysis
The Light Spectrum
• The human eye is only able to see the spectral colours in the rainbow.
• Beside the visible part of the spectrum, the light spectrum has areas of „waves“ the human eye can not determine.
• Only spectrometers are able to observe the entire range.
100 nm
1000 nm
400 nm
800 nm
Ultraviolet
Infrared
Violet 380 nm
Blue 460 nm
Green 510 nm
Yellow 560 nmOrange 610 nm
Red 660 nm
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The Business of Science®© Oxford Instruments 2009
Industrial Analysis
Physical basics - Light
c / Conversion Frequency / Wavelength (c = speed of light)
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The Business of Science®© Oxford Instruments 2009
Industrial Analysis
Principal of a Spectrometer
Power
CCD for the readout of the light-intensity
Printout or storage of data
Light Emission
Sample
Diffraction Grating, works similar like a prism
Polychrome light
Source and Ignition
ComputerReadout of the CCD, calculation of the results, steering of the source and printout/storage of the data
316
Steering of the source
Readout of the Intensity, calculation of the results
The light is reflected andseparated by the diffractiongrating. The spectra appears onthe Rowland Circle.
Oxford Instruments
The Business of Science®© Oxford Instruments 2009
Industrial Analysis
Schematic view of optical systemPolychrome light, emitted during spark process, passes through the entrance slit and falls on the grating. The light is reflected and dispersed into individual spectral lines. The separated light is corresponding to particular wavelength of elements. The light than falls simultaneously on the CCD sensors.
Entrance Slit
Grating
CC
D C
hip
s
130 – 800 nm
Diffraction Grating:Is like a concave mirror, but with rules on it. Modern Gratings have up to 4000 rules/mm. The incoming light is reflected and diffracted. The spectra appears.
Oxford Instruments
The Business of Science®© Oxford Instruments 2009
Industrial Analysis
It is all about light, wavelength and peaks
Oxford Instruments
The Business of Science®© Oxford Instruments 2009
Industrial Analysis
Elements and Wavelength
• Why do all elements have many different spectral lines?• ....simply - each transition of an electron corresponds to a
spectral line of a different wavelength• The intensity relates to the probability of a transition
• Example: Aluminium about 400 lines• Ferrum about 4500 lines• Uranium about 5000 lines• Chromium about 2000 lines
Oxford Instruments
The Business of Science®© Oxford Instruments 2009
Industrial Analysis
Spectrum of different samplesRE12: approx. 120 ppm C
BAS 406: 0.173 % C
BAS 407: 0.49 % C
BAS 408: 0.289 % C
BAS 409: 0.086 % C
C – 193.1 nm
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The Business of Science®© Oxford Instruments 2009
Industrial Analysis
Visible spectrum
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The Business of Science®© Oxford Instruments 2009
Industrial Analysis
The Spectrum of Fe – matrix between 268 nm and 273nm
Fi nger P r i nt M ode (FP M ) - Sc an Over l ay Spec tr a
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
268. 000 268. 500 269. 000 269. 500 270. 000 270. 500 271. 000 271. 500 272. 000 272. 500 273. 000
Lambda
RE13
RH12
RH18
RH31
RN16
RN17
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The Business of Science®© Oxford Instruments 2009
Industrial Analysis
intensitiy
con
cen
trat
ion
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The Business of Science®© Oxford Instruments 2009
Industrial Analysis
PMT System – limited element analysis
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The Business of Science®© Oxford Instruments 2009
Industrial Analysis
CCD: coverage of the entire range multi matrix capable
Oxford Instruments
The Business of Science®© Oxford Instruments 2009
Industrial Analysis
Fields of use for spark-OES
1. Steel plant laboratories
High performance SPARK OES spectrometer (ARL 4460)
• Vacuum optical system
• LOD‘s < 10 ppm, 1 ppm typical
• determination of gases like N2 and O2 possible
• T(ime) R(esolved) S(pectrometry)
• PMT detectors
• laboratory automation
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The Business of Science®© Oxford Instruments 2009
Industrial Analysis
Fields of use for spark-OES
2. Foundry laboratories
High performance SPARK OES spectrometer (OI FOUNDRY-MASTER Pro)
• Vacuum optical system
• LOD‘s < 50 ppm, 10 ppm typical
• determination of N2 possible
• CCD detectors
• good price / performance ratio
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The Business of Science®© Oxford Instruments 2009
Industrial Analysis
Fields of use for spark-OES
3. semi-finished products (e.g. tube manufacturers)
Rugged mobile SPARK OES spectrometer (OI TEST-MASTER Pro)
• dust proof system
• LOD‘s < 100 ppm, 50 ppm typical
• determination of C, P, S possible
• CCD detectors
• 4 – 10 m probe umbilical
• in-line automation
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The Business of Science®© Oxford Instruments 2009
Industrial Analysis
Fields of use for spark-OES
4. Fabricators (incoming inspection)
Versatile mobile / stationary SPARK OES spectrometer
• multi-matrix (all technical metals)
• LOD‘s < 100 ppm, 50 ppm typical
• determination of C, P, S possible
• CCD detectors
• grade identification
• easy adaption to irregular shapes
Oxford Instruments
The Business of Science®© Oxford Instruments 2009
Industrial Analysis
Fields of use for spark-OES
5. PMI-testing (refineries, power plants, ship yards)
Versatile mobile SPARK OES spectrometer
• multi-matrix (all technical metals)
• LOD‘s < 100 ppm, 50 ppm typical
• determination of C, P, S possible
• CCD detectors
• grade identification
• easy adaption to irregular shapes
• battery operation
P ositive
M aterial
I dentification
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The Business of Science®© Oxford Instruments 2009
Industrial Analysis
Fields of use for spark-OES
6. Scrap sorting
Handheld OES spectrometer
• multi-matrix (all technical metals)
• LOD‘s < 1000 ppm, 500 ppm typical
• CCD detectors
• grade identification
• easy adaption to irregular shapes
• battery operation
• Carbon determination not possible
Oxford Instruments
The Business of Science®© Oxford Instruments 2009
Industrial Analysis
Oxford Instruments – Distinction by Innovation