The Body

What are body systems?

Body Systems-a group of organs that work together to complete a specific task in the body

Body Systems

Skeletal

Muscular

Digestive

Endocrine

Nervous

Excretory

Respiratory

Circulatory

Reproductive

Immune/Lymphatic

Skeletal System

Collection of bones

Skeletal functions: Gives body shape

Provides support

Provides protection for

vital organs

Produces blood cells

As a child – 350 bones

Adult – 206 bones

Muscular system

Muscles main job is to provide movement and function.

3 types of muscles

Cardiac – muscle of the heart.

Skeletal – muscles attach to bone and provide movement of the body.

More than 650 muscles

Smooth – Mostly in internal organs and digestive system

Voluntary and Involuntary Muscles

VoluntaryControlled by YOUSkeletal muscleConnected to 2 bonesWork in pairsContract/Relax from impulses from nervous system

InvoluntaryMuscles work without conscious effortSmooth and Cardiac MuscleControlled by the nervous systemPerform daily functions to keep you alive.

Digestive SystemSeries of organs which digests food.Digestion is the breakdown of food into the smallest parts.Tracing the organs

Mouth EsophagusStomachSmall IntestineFood dissolved and absorbed through the walls to be used by bodyWastes are moved through large intestine and out of body

Endocrine SystemA group of glands and hormones that’s main job is to regulate growth and development.

Gland – group of cells that gives off chemical messenger

Hormone: Chemical messenger

Hypothalamus regulates the pituitary gland. (switch)

The pituitary gland is the “Master Gland”

Regulates all other glands in system.

Respiratory SystemBrings oxygen in and lets carbon dioxide out of the body

The diaphragm's job is to help pump the carbon dioxide out of the lungs and pull the oxygen into the lungs (like a vacuum). As the diaphragm contracts and relaxes, breathing takes place.

contracts, oxygen is pulled into the lungs.

relaxes, carbon dioxide is pumped out of the lungs.

Air flowMouth/noseTrachea2 Bronchi (bronchitis)Bronchial TubesLungsAlveoli (air filled sacs that have capillaries)Oxygen and Carbon dioxide exchanged.Oxygen to blood, Carbon dioxide out of the body

Circulatory SystemYour body’s internal transport system which moves blood through the body

The four main parts of the system are the:

1) heart

2) arteries

3) capillaries

4) veins

Heart pumps oxygenated blood to body

Arteries: Blood flow carries nutrients and oxygen to body tissues in arteries

Veins: Blood flow carries waste products back to heart

Capillaries: Exchange oxygen and waste products at body tissues

Nervous SystemBody’s control center and communications network.

Consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.

Brain acts as a central computer.

Brain uses spinal cord and nerves to send messages back and forth to different parts of the body.

EX. Message from hot stove comes into the brain, the brain sends a message back to tell you to move your hand.

Nervous System Components

The BrainWeighs about 3 lbs

Sends messages that governs body functions

Has a part in almost everything your body does.

Spinal CordAbout 18 inches long and ¾ inches thickSpans from base of the brain down the spine

NervesBranch off the spinal cordAll shapes and sizesRelay messages to specific places.

Excretory SystemDefinition: removes harmful wastes from your body and maintains the body’s water and salt balance

Parts: ureter (tube that carries urine from kidneys to the bladder), bladder, and urethra

Kidneys: core organs act as a filter

all of the blood in your body passes through the kidneys

key players in the hydration (water) levels for your body

The excretory system is a close partner with both the circulatory and endocrine system.

Immune/Lymphatic SystemLymphatic System-a network of vessels that carry a clear fluid called lymph throughout the body

Lymph-the clear, yellowish fluid that leaks from capillaries, fills the spaces around the body’s cells. Lymph distributes immune cells and other factors throughout the body.

Lymph Nodes and Spleen

Two main functions:Maintenance of fluid balance in the internal environment. Immunity

The lymph nodes play an important part in the body's fight against infection. They act as a biological filter, cleaning out microorganisms from the fluids that pass through them.

The human spleen is an organ that creates lymphocytes for the destruction and recycling of old red-blood cells. The spleen is also the location where white blood cells trap organisms.

Immune System

A network of tissues, organs, and cells that fight pathogens; protection from disease

Defense Team:Leukocytes

Antigens

LeukocytesPhagocytes, cells that chew up invading organisms

lymphocytes, cells that allow the body to remember and recognize previous invaders and help the body destroy them

Lymphocytes

LymphocytesB lymphocytes are like the body's military intelligence system, seeking out their targets and sending defenses to lock onto them.

T cells are like the soldiers, destroying the invaders that the intelligence system has identified.

Antigens are foreign substances that invade the body

These cells trigger the B lymphocytes to produce antibodies

The T cells are part of the system that destroys antigens that have been tagged by antibodies

Reproductive System

A system of organs which work together for the purpose of reproduction.

MALE ORGANS: testes, penis, seminal vesicles, prostate, and urethraFEMALE ORGANS: ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, and vulva.

The 5 Senses

Vision

Hearing

Balance

Smell & Taste

Touch

The Anatomy of the Eye

Cornea- clear tissue that covers the front of the eyePupil- the opening through which light enters the

eyeIris- a circular structure that surrounds the pupil

and regulates the amount of light entering the eye

Lens-flexible structure that focuses on lightRetina- layer of receptor cells that lines the back of

the eye

Your eyes respond to the stimulus of light. Theyconvert that stimulus into impulses that your brain interprets.

Farsightedness/Nearsightedness

Farsightedness: is greater difficulty seeing close up objects.Nearsightedness: is the inability to focus clearly upon distant objects. Glasses, contact lenses, or refractive surgery can all be used to correct both problems. Nearsightedness can be corrected with the new Lasik surgery.