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The Blackwell Companion to Naturalism

Blackwell Companions to PhilosophyThis outstanding student reference series offers a comprehensive and authoritative survey of philosophy as a whole Written by todayrsquos leading philosophers each volume provides lucid and engaging coverage of the key figures terms topics and problems of the field Taken together the volumes provide the ideal basis for course use representing an unparalleled work of reference for students and specialists alike

Already published in the series 1 The Blackwell Companion to Philosophy

Second EditionEdited by Nicholas Bunnin and Eric Tsui-James

2 A Companion to EthicsEdited by Peter Singer

3 A Companion to Aesthetics Second EditionEdited by Stephen Davies Kathleen Marie Higgins Robert Hopkins Robert Stecker and David E Cooper

4 A Companion to Epistemology Second EditionEdited by Jonathan Dancy Ernest Sosa and Matthias Steup

5 A Companion to Contemporary Political Philosophy (two-volume set) Second EditionEdited by Robert E Goodin and Philip Pettit

6 A Companion to Philosophy of MindEdited by Samuel Guttenplan

7 A Companion to Metaphysics Second EditionEdited by Jaegwon Kim Ernest Sosa and Gary S Rosenkrantz

8 A Companion to Philosophy of Law and Legal Theory Second EditionEdited by Dennis Patterson

9 A Companion to Philosophy of Religion Second EditionEdited by Charles Taliaferro Paul Draper and Philip L Quinn

10 A Companion to the Philosophy of LanguageEdited by Bob Hale and Crispin Wright

11 A Companion to World PhilosophiesEdited by Eliot Deutsch and Ron Bontekoe

12 A Companion to Continental PhilosophyEdited by Simon Critchley and William Schroeder

13 A Companion to Feminist PhilosophyEdited by Alison M Jaggar and Iris Marion Young

14 A Companion to Cognitive Science Edited by William Bechtel and George Graham

15 A Companion to Bioethics Second EditionEdited by Helga Kuhse and Peter Singer

16 A Companion to the PhilosophersEdited by Robert L Arrington

17 A Companion to Business EthicsEdited by Robert E Frederick

18 A Companion to the Philosophy of ScienceEdited by W H Newton-Smith

19 A Companion to Environmental PhilosophyEdited by Dale Jamieson

20 A Companion to Analytic PhilosophyEdited by A P Martinich and David Sosa

21 A Companion to GenethicsEdited by Justine Burley and John Harris

22 A Companion to Philosophical LogicEdited by Dale Jacquette

23 A Companion to Early Modern PhilosophyEdited by Steven Nadler

24 A Companion to Philosophy in the Middle AgesEdited by Jorge J E Gracia and Timothy B Noone

25 A Companion to African-American PhilosophyEdited by Tommy L Lott and John P Pittman

26 A Companion to Applied EthicsEdited by R G Frey and Christopher Heath Wellman

27 A Companion to the Philosophy of EducationEdited by Randall Curren

28 A Companion to African PhilosophyEdited by Kwasi Wiredu

29 A Companion to HeideggerEdited by Hubert L Dreyfus and Mark A Wrathall

30 A Companion to RationalismEdited by Alan Nelson

31 A Companion to PragmatismEdited by John R Shook and Joseph Margolis

32 A Companion to Ancient PhilosophyEdited by Mary Louise Gill and Pierre Pellegrin

33 A Companion to NietzscheEdited by Keith Ansell Pearson

34 A Companion to SocratesEdited by Sara Ahbel-Rappe and Rachana Kamtekar

35 A Companion to Phenomenology and ExistentialismEdited by Hubert L Dreyfus and Mark A Wrathall

36 A Companion to Kant Edited by Graham Bird

37 A Companion to Plato Edited by Hugh H Benson

38 A Companion to DescartesEdited by Janet Broughton and John Carriero

39 A Companion to the Philosophy of BiologyEdited by Sahotra Sarkar and Anya Plutynski

40 A Companion to Hume Edited by Elizabeth S Radcliffe

41 A Companion to the Philosophy of History and HistoriographyEdited by Aviezer Tucker

42 A Companion to AristotleEdited by Georgios Anagnostopoulos

43 A Companion to the Philosophy of TechnologyEdited by Jan-Kyrre Berg Olsen Stig Andur Pedersen and Vincent F Hendricks

44 A Companion to Latin American PhilosophyEdited by Susana Nuccetelli Ofelia Schutte and Otaacutevio Bueno

45 A Companion to the Philosophy of LiteratureEdited by Garry L Hagberg and Walter Jost

46 A Companion to the Philosophy of ActionEdited by Timothy OrsquoConnor and Constantine Sandis

47 A Companion to Relativism Edited by Steven D Hales

48 A Companion to HegelEdited by Stephen Houlgate and Michael Baur

49 A Companion to SchopenhauerEdited by Bart Vandenabeele

50 A Companion to Buddhist Philosophy Edited by Steven M Emmanuel

51 A Companion to FoucaultEdited by Christopher Falzon Timothy OrsquoLeary and Jana Sawicki

52 A Companion to the Philosophy of TimeEdited by Heather Dyke and Adrian Bardon

53 A Companion to Donald Davidson Edited by Ernest Lepore and Kirk Ludwig

54 A Companion to RawlsEdited by Jon Mandle and David Reidy

55 A Companion to WVO QuineEdited by Gilbert Harman and Ernest Lepore

56 A Companion to DerridaEdited by Zeynep Direk and Leonard Lawlor

57 A Companion to David LewisEdited by Barry Loewer and Jonathan Schaffer

58 A Companion to KierkegaardEdited by Jon Stewart

59 A Companion to LockeEdited by Matthew Stuart

60 The Blackwell Companion to HermeneuticsEdited by Niall Keane and Chris Lawn

61 A Companion to Ayn RandEdited by Allan Gotthelf and Gregory Salmieri

62 The Blackwell Companion to NaturalismEdited by Kelly James Clark

The BlaCkwell CompaNioN To

NaTuralism

Edited by

kelly James Clark

This edition first published 2016copy 2016 John wiley amp sons inc

Registered OfficeJohn wiley amp sons inc The atrium southern Gate Chichester west sussex po19 8sQ uk

Editorial Offices350 main street malden ma 02148‐5020 usa9600 Garsington road oxford oX4 2DQ ukThe atrium southern Gate Chichester west sussex po19 8sQ uk

For details of our global editorial offices for customer services and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at wwwwileycomwiley‐blackwell

The right of kelly James Clark to be identified as the author of the editorial material in this work has been asserted in accordance with the uk Copyright Designs and patents act 1988

all rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic mechanical photocopying recording or otherwise except as permitted by the uk Copyright Designs and patents act 1988 without the prior permission of the publisher

wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books

Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks all brand names and product names used in this book are trade names service marks trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book

limit of liabilityDisclaimer of warranty while the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose it is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services and neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for damages arising herefrom if professional advice or other expert assistance is required the services of a competent professional should be sought

Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data

Names Clark kelly James 1956ndash editorTitle a companion to naturalism edited by kelly James ClarkDescription 1 [edition] | hoboken John wiley amp sons inc 2016 | includes indexidentifiers lCCN 2015041263 | isBN 9781118657607 (hardback)subjects lCsh Naturalism | BisaC philosophY metaphysicsClassification lCC B8282C58 2016 | DDC 146ndashdc23 lC record available at httplccnlocgov2015041263

a catalogue record for this book is available from the British library

set in 10125 minion by spi Global pondicherry india

1 2016

The Blackwell Companion to Naturalism

Blackwell Companions to PhilosophyThis outstanding student reference series offers a comprehensive and authoritative survey of philosophy as a whole Written by todayrsquos leading philosophers each volume provides lucid and engaging coverage of the key figures terms topics and problems of the field Taken together the volumes provide the ideal basis for course use representing an unparalleled work of reference for students and specialists alike

Already published in the series 1 The Blackwell Companion to Philosophy

Second EditionEdited by Nicholas Bunnin and Eric Tsui-James

2 A Companion to EthicsEdited by Peter Singer

3 A Companion to Aesthetics Second EditionEdited by Stephen Davies Kathleen Marie Higgins Robert Hopkins Robert Stecker and David E Cooper

4 A Companion to Epistemology Second EditionEdited by Jonathan Dancy Ernest Sosa and Matthias Steup

5 A Companion to Contemporary Political Philosophy (two-volume set) Second EditionEdited by Robert E Goodin and Philip Pettit

6 A Companion to Philosophy of MindEdited by Samuel Guttenplan

7 A Companion to Metaphysics Second EditionEdited by Jaegwon Kim Ernest Sosa and Gary S Rosenkrantz

8 A Companion to Philosophy of Law and Legal Theory Second EditionEdited by Dennis Patterson

9 A Companion to Philosophy of Religion Second EditionEdited by Charles Taliaferro Paul Draper and Philip L Quinn

10 A Companion to the Philosophy of LanguageEdited by Bob Hale and Crispin Wright

11 A Companion to World PhilosophiesEdited by Eliot Deutsch and Ron Bontekoe

12 A Companion to Continental PhilosophyEdited by Simon Critchley and William Schroeder

13 A Companion to Feminist PhilosophyEdited by Alison M Jaggar and Iris Marion Young

14 A Companion to Cognitive Science Edited by William Bechtel and George Graham

15 A Companion to Bioethics Second EditionEdited by Helga Kuhse and Peter Singer

16 A Companion to the PhilosophersEdited by Robert L Arrington

17 A Companion to Business EthicsEdited by Robert E Frederick

18 A Companion to the Philosophy of ScienceEdited by W H Newton-Smith

19 A Companion to Environmental PhilosophyEdited by Dale Jamieson

20 A Companion to Analytic PhilosophyEdited by A P Martinich and David Sosa

21 A Companion to GenethicsEdited by Justine Burley and John Harris

22 A Companion to Philosophical LogicEdited by Dale Jacquette

23 A Companion to Early Modern PhilosophyEdited by Steven Nadler

24 A Companion to Philosophy in the Middle AgesEdited by Jorge J E Gracia and Timothy B Noone

25 A Companion to African-American PhilosophyEdited by Tommy L Lott and John P Pittman

26 A Companion to Applied EthicsEdited by R G Frey and Christopher Heath Wellman

27 A Companion to the Philosophy of EducationEdited by Randall Curren

28 A Companion to African PhilosophyEdited by Kwasi Wiredu

29 A Companion to HeideggerEdited by Hubert L Dreyfus and Mark A Wrathall

30 A Companion to RationalismEdited by Alan Nelson

31 A Companion to PragmatismEdited by John R Shook and Joseph Margolis

32 A Companion to Ancient PhilosophyEdited by Mary Louise Gill and Pierre Pellegrin

33 A Companion to NietzscheEdited by Keith Ansell Pearson

34 A Companion to SocratesEdited by Sara Ahbel-Rappe and Rachana Kamtekar

35 A Companion to Phenomenology and ExistentialismEdited by Hubert L Dreyfus and Mark A Wrathall

36 A Companion to Kant Edited by Graham Bird

37 A Companion to Plato Edited by Hugh H Benson

38 A Companion to DescartesEdited by Janet Broughton and John Carriero

39 A Companion to the Philosophy of BiologyEdited by Sahotra Sarkar and Anya Plutynski

40 A Companion to Hume Edited by Elizabeth S Radcliffe

41 A Companion to the Philosophy of History and HistoriographyEdited by Aviezer Tucker

42 A Companion to AristotleEdited by Georgios Anagnostopoulos

43 A Companion to the Philosophy of TechnologyEdited by Jan-Kyrre Berg Olsen Stig Andur Pedersen and Vincent F Hendricks

44 A Companion to Latin American PhilosophyEdited by Susana Nuccetelli Ofelia Schutte and Otaacutevio Bueno

45 A Companion to the Philosophy of LiteratureEdited by Garry L Hagberg and Walter Jost

46 A Companion to the Philosophy of ActionEdited by Timothy OrsquoConnor and Constantine Sandis

47 A Companion to Relativism Edited by Steven D Hales

48 A Companion to HegelEdited by Stephen Houlgate and Michael Baur

49 A Companion to SchopenhauerEdited by Bart Vandenabeele

50 A Companion to Buddhist Philosophy Edited by Steven M Emmanuel

51 A Companion to FoucaultEdited by Christopher Falzon Timothy OrsquoLeary and Jana Sawicki

52 A Companion to the Philosophy of TimeEdited by Heather Dyke and Adrian Bardon

53 A Companion to Donald Davidson Edited by Ernest Lepore and Kirk Ludwig

54 A Companion to RawlsEdited by Jon Mandle and David Reidy

55 A Companion to WVO QuineEdited by Gilbert Harman and Ernest Lepore

56 A Companion to DerridaEdited by Zeynep Direk and Leonard Lawlor

57 A Companion to David LewisEdited by Barry Loewer and Jonathan Schaffer

58 A Companion to KierkegaardEdited by Jon Stewart

59 A Companion to LockeEdited by Matthew Stuart

60 The Blackwell Companion to HermeneuticsEdited by Niall Keane and Chris Lawn

61 A Companion to Ayn RandEdited by Allan Gotthelf and Gregory Salmieri

62 The Blackwell Companion to NaturalismEdited by Kelly James Clark

The BlaCkwell CompaNioN To

NaTuralism

Edited by

kelly James Clark

This edition first published 2016copy 2016 John wiley amp sons inc

Registered OfficeJohn wiley amp sons inc The atrium southern Gate Chichester west sussex po19 8sQ uk

Editorial Offices350 main street malden ma 02148‐5020 usa9600 Garsington road oxford oX4 2DQ ukThe atrium southern Gate Chichester west sussex po19 8sQ uk

For details of our global editorial offices for customer services and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at wwwwileycomwiley‐blackwell

The right of kelly James Clark to be identified as the author of the editorial material in this work has been asserted in accordance with the uk Copyright Designs and patents act 1988

all rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic mechanical photocopying recording or otherwise except as permitted by the uk Copyright Designs and patents act 1988 without the prior permission of the publisher

wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books

Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks all brand names and product names used in this book are trade names service marks trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book

limit of liabilityDisclaimer of warranty while the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose it is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services and neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for damages arising herefrom if professional advice or other expert assistance is required the services of a competent professional should be sought

Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data

Names Clark kelly James 1956ndash editorTitle a companion to naturalism edited by kelly James ClarkDescription 1 [edition] | hoboken John wiley amp sons inc 2016 | includes indexidentifiers lCCN 2015041263 | isBN 9781118657607 (hardback)subjects lCsh Naturalism | BisaC philosophY metaphysicsClassification lCC B8282C58 2016 | DDC 146ndashdc23 lC record available at httplccnlocgov2015041263

a catalogue record for this book is available from the British library

set in 10125 minion by spi Global pondicherry india

1 2016

Blackwell Companions to PhilosophyThis outstanding student reference series offers a comprehensive and authoritative survey of philosophy as a whole Written by todayrsquos leading philosophers each volume provides lucid and engaging coverage of the key figures terms topics and problems of the field Taken together the volumes provide the ideal basis for course use representing an unparalleled work of reference for students and specialists alike

Already published in the series 1 The Blackwell Companion to Philosophy

Second EditionEdited by Nicholas Bunnin and Eric Tsui-James

2 A Companion to EthicsEdited by Peter Singer

3 A Companion to Aesthetics Second EditionEdited by Stephen Davies Kathleen Marie Higgins Robert Hopkins Robert Stecker and David E Cooper

4 A Companion to Epistemology Second EditionEdited by Jonathan Dancy Ernest Sosa and Matthias Steup

5 A Companion to Contemporary Political Philosophy (two-volume set) Second EditionEdited by Robert E Goodin and Philip Pettit

6 A Companion to Philosophy of MindEdited by Samuel Guttenplan

7 A Companion to Metaphysics Second EditionEdited by Jaegwon Kim Ernest Sosa and Gary S Rosenkrantz

8 A Companion to Philosophy of Law and Legal Theory Second EditionEdited by Dennis Patterson

9 A Companion to Philosophy of Religion Second EditionEdited by Charles Taliaferro Paul Draper and Philip L Quinn

10 A Companion to the Philosophy of LanguageEdited by Bob Hale and Crispin Wright

11 A Companion to World PhilosophiesEdited by Eliot Deutsch and Ron Bontekoe

12 A Companion to Continental PhilosophyEdited by Simon Critchley and William Schroeder

13 A Companion to Feminist PhilosophyEdited by Alison M Jaggar and Iris Marion Young

14 A Companion to Cognitive Science Edited by William Bechtel and George Graham

15 A Companion to Bioethics Second EditionEdited by Helga Kuhse and Peter Singer

16 A Companion to the PhilosophersEdited by Robert L Arrington

17 A Companion to Business EthicsEdited by Robert E Frederick

18 A Companion to the Philosophy of ScienceEdited by W H Newton-Smith

19 A Companion to Environmental PhilosophyEdited by Dale Jamieson

20 A Companion to Analytic PhilosophyEdited by A P Martinich and David Sosa

21 A Companion to GenethicsEdited by Justine Burley and John Harris

22 A Companion to Philosophical LogicEdited by Dale Jacquette

23 A Companion to Early Modern PhilosophyEdited by Steven Nadler

24 A Companion to Philosophy in the Middle AgesEdited by Jorge J E Gracia and Timothy B Noone

25 A Companion to African-American PhilosophyEdited by Tommy L Lott and John P Pittman

26 A Companion to Applied EthicsEdited by R G Frey and Christopher Heath Wellman

27 A Companion to the Philosophy of EducationEdited by Randall Curren

28 A Companion to African PhilosophyEdited by Kwasi Wiredu

29 A Companion to HeideggerEdited by Hubert L Dreyfus and Mark A Wrathall

30 A Companion to RationalismEdited by Alan Nelson

31 A Companion to PragmatismEdited by John R Shook and Joseph Margolis

32 A Companion to Ancient PhilosophyEdited by Mary Louise Gill and Pierre Pellegrin

33 A Companion to NietzscheEdited by Keith Ansell Pearson

34 A Companion to SocratesEdited by Sara Ahbel-Rappe and Rachana Kamtekar

35 A Companion to Phenomenology and ExistentialismEdited by Hubert L Dreyfus and Mark A Wrathall

36 A Companion to Kant Edited by Graham Bird

37 A Companion to Plato Edited by Hugh H Benson

38 A Companion to DescartesEdited by Janet Broughton and John Carriero

39 A Companion to the Philosophy of BiologyEdited by Sahotra Sarkar and Anya Plutynski

40 A Companion to Hume Edited by Elizabeth S Radcliffe

41 A Companion to the Philosophy of History and HistoriographyEdited by Aviezer Tucker

42 A Companion to AristotleEdited by Georgios Anagnostopoulos

43 A Companion to the Philosophy of TechnologyEdited by Jan-Kyrre Berg Olsen Stig Andur Pedersen and Vincent F Hendricks

44 A Companion to Latin American PhilosophyEdited by Susana Nuccetelli Ofelia Schutte and Otaacutevio Bueno

45 A Companion to the Philosophy of LiteratureEdited by Garry L Hagberg and Walter Jost

46 A Companion to the Philosophy of ActionEdited by Timothy OrsquoConnor and Constantine Sandis

47 A Companion to Relativism Edited by Steven D Hales

48 A Companion to HegelEdited by Stephen Houlgate and Michael Baur

49 A Companion to SchopenhauerEdited by Bart Vandenabeele

50 A Companion to Buddhist Philosophy Edited by Steven M Emmanuel

51 A Companion to FoucaultEdited by Christopher Falzon Timothy OrsquoLeary and Jana Sawicki

52 A Companion to the Philosophy of TimeEdited by Heather Dyke and Adrian Bardon

53 A Companion to Donald Davidson Edited by Ernest Lepore and Kirk Ludwig

54 A Companion to RawlsEdited by Jon Mandle and David Reidy

55 A Companion to WVO QuineEdited by Gilbert Harman and Ernest Lepore

56 A Companion to DerridaEdited by Zeynep Direk and Leonard Lawlor

57 A Companion to David LewisEdited by Barry Loewer and Jonathan Schaffer

58 A Companion to KierkegaardEdited by Jon Stewart

59 A Companion to LockeEdited by Matthew Stuart

60 The Blackwell Companion to HermeneuticsEdited by Niall Keane and Chris Lawn

61 A Companion to Ayn RandEdited by Allan Gotthelf and Gregory Salmieri

62 The Blackwell Companion to NaturalismEdited by Kelly James Clark

The BlaCkwell CompaNioN To

NaTuralism

Edited by

kelly James Clark

This edition first published 2016copy 2016 John wiley amp sons inc

Registered OfficeJohn wiley amp sons inc The atrium southern Gate Chichester west sussex po19 8sQ uk

Editorial Offices350 main street malden ma 02148‐5020 usa9600 Garsington road oxford oX4 2DQ ukThe atrium southern Gate Chichester west sussex po19 8sQ uk

For details of our global editorial offices for customer services and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at wwwwileycomwiley‐blackwell

The right of kelly James Clark to be identified as the author of the editorial material in this work has been asserted in accordance with the uk Copyright Designs and patents act 1988

all rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic mechanical photocopying recording or otherwise except as permitted by the uk Copyright Designs and patents act 1988 without the prior permission of the publisher

wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books

Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks all brand names and product names used in this book are trade names service marks trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book

limit of liabilityDisclaimer of warranty while the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose it is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services and neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for damages arising herefrom if professional advice or other expert assistance is required the services of a competent professional should be sought

Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data

Names Clark kelly James 1956ndash editorTitle a companion to naturalism edited by kelly James ClarkDescription 1 [edition] | hoboken John wiley amp sons inc 2016 | includes indexidentifiers lCCN 2015041263 | isBN 9781118657607 (hardback)subjects lCsh Naturalism | BisaC philosophY metaphysicsClassification lCC B8282C58 2016 | DDC 146ndashdc23 lC record available at httplccnlocgov2015041263

a catalogue record for this book is available from the British library

set in 10125 minion by spi Global pondicherry india

1 2016

The BlaCkwell CompaNioN To

NaTuralism

Edited by

kelly James Clark

This edition first published 2016copy 2016 John wiley amp sons inc

Registered OfficeJohn wiley amp sons inc The atrium southern Gate Chichester west sussex po19 8sQ uk

Editorial Offices350 main street malden ma 02148‐5020 usa9600 Garsington road oxford oX4 2DQ ukThe atrium southern Gate Chichester west sussex po19 8sQ uk

For details of our global editorial offices for customer services and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at wwwwileycomwiley‐blackwell

The right of kelly James Clark to be identified as the author of the editorial material in this work has been asserted in accordance with the uk Copyright Designs and patents act 1988

all rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic mechanical photocopying recording or otherwise except as permitted by the uk Copyright Designs and patents act 1988 without the prior permission of the publisher

wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books

Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks all brand names and product names used in this book are trade names service marks trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book

limit of liabilityDisclaimer of warranty while the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose it is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services and neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for damages arising herefrom if professional advice or other expert assistance is required the services of a competent professional should be sought

Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data

Names Clark kelly James 1956ndash editorTitle a companion to naturalism edited by kelly James ClarkDescription 1 [edition] | hoboken John wiley amp sons inc 2016 | includes indexidentifiers lCCN 2015041263 | isBN 9781118657607 (hardback)subjects lCsh Naturalism | BisaC philosophY metaphysicsClassification lCC B8282C58 2016 | DDC 146ndashdc23 lC record available at httplccnlocgov2015041263

a catalogue record for this book is available from the British library

set in 10125 minion by spi Global pondicherry india

1 2016

This edition first published 2016copy 2016 John wiley amp sons inc

Registered OfficeJohn wiley amp sons inc The atrium southern Gate Chichester west sussex po19 8sQ uk

Editorial Offices350 main street malden ma 02148‐5020 usa9600 Garsington road oxford oX4 2DQ ukThe atrium southern Gate Chichester west sussex po19 8sQ uk

For details of our global editorial offices for customer services and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at wwwwileycomwiley‐blackwell

The right of kelly James Clark to be identified as the author of the editorial material in this work has been asserted in accordance with the uk Copyright Designs and patents act 1988

all rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic mechanical photocopying recording or otherwise except as permitted by the uk Copyright Designs and patents act 1988 without the prior permission of the publisher

wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books

Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks all brand names and product names used in this book are trade names service marks trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book

limit of liabilityDisclaimer of warranty while the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose it is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services and neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for damages arising herefrom if professional advice or other expert assistance is required the services of a competent professional should be sought

Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data

Names Clark kelly James 1956ndash editorTitle a companion to naturalism edited by kelly James ClarkDescription 1 [edition] | hoboken John wiley amp sons inc 2016 | includes indexidentifiers lCCN 2015041263 | isBN 9781118657607 (hardback)subjects lCsh Naturalism | BisaC philosophY metaphysicsClassification lCC B8282C58 2016 | DDC 146ndashdc23 lC record available at httplccnlocgov2015041263

a catalogue record for this book is available from the British library

set in 10125 minion by spi Global pondicherry india

1 2016

To Michael Murray friend and philosopher

Contents

List of Contributors ixPreface xii

1 Naturalism and its Discontents 1Kelly James Clark

2 Naturalizing Ethics 16Owen Flanagan Hagop Sarkissian and David Wong

3 Naturalism in the Continental Tradition 34Keith Ansell Pearson and John Protevi

4 The Naturalism Question in Feminism 49Aacutesta Sveinsdoacutettir

5 On Naturalistic Metaphysics 61Thomas M Crisp

6 Naturalism and Realism in the Philosophy Science 75Matteo Morganti

7 Naturalism without Scientism 91P Kyle Stanford

8 ldquoThe Horrid Doubtrdquo Naturalism and Evolutionary Biology 109Valerie Gray Hardcastle

9 Naturalism and Antinaturalism in the Sociology of Science 124Dorothea Olkowski

10 Why Methodological Naturalism 136Hans Halvorson

11 Naturalism and the Question of Realism 150Drew Khlentzos

12 Non‐Naturalistic Metaphysics 168Hud Hudson

13 Naturalism and Physicalism 182Barbara Gail Montero and David Papineau

14 Natural Mind 196Brian L Keeley

viii CONTENTS

15 Naturalism and Dualism 209Joseph Levine

16 Epistemological Naturalisms 220CSI Jenkins

17 Dewey Naturalism and the Problem of Knowledge 234Douglas McDermid

18 Truth and Naturalism 246Douglas Edwards Filippo Ferrari and Michael P Lynch

19 Against Naturalism about Truth 262Berit Brogaard

20 Mathematics and Metaphysical Naturalism 277Gideon Rosen

21 Naturalism and Mathematics Some Problems 289Jeffrey W Roland

22 Naturalism and Free Will 305Neil Levy

23 Free Will and Naturalism How to Be a Libertarian and a Naturalist Too 319Kevin Timpe and Jonathan D Jacobs

24 Does the New Wave in Moral Psychology Sink Kant 336Valerie Tiberius

25 Naturalism in Metaethics 351Jussi Suikkanen

26 Evolution and Moral Naturalism 369Richard Joyce

27 Scientific Naturalism and the Explanation of Moral Beliefs Challenging Evolutionary Debunking 386William J FitzPatrick

28 Whatrsquos to be Said for Moral Non‐Naturalism 401Terence D Cuneo

29 Naturalism and Moral Psychology 416Christian B Miller

30 Militant Modern Atheism 435Philip Kitcher

31 Why Naturalism Cannot Account for Natural Human Rights 447Nicholas Wolterstorff

32 Cognitive and Evolutionary Approaches to Religion 462Robert N McCauley

33 The Naturalness of Religious Belief Epistemological Implications 481Helen De Cruz

34 Naturalism in Indian Philosophy 494Amita Chatterjee

35 The Natural History of Shame and its Modification by Confucian Culture 512Ryan Nichols

Index 528

List of Contributors

Aacutesta SveinsdoacutettirSan Francisco State UniversitySan Francisco CA USA

Berit BrogaardUniversity of Miami Miami FL USAUniversity of OsloOslo Norway

Amita ChatterjeeSchool of Cognitive ScienceJadavpur UniversityKolkata India

Kelly James ClarkKaufman InstituteGrand Valley State UniversityAllendale MI USA

Thomas M CrispBiola UniversityBrea CA USA

Terence D CuneoUniversity of VermontBurlington VT USA

Helen De CruzFaculty of Humanities VU University AmsterdamAmsterdam The Netherlands

Douglas EdwardsHamilton CollegeClinton NY USA

Filippo FerrariUniversity of AberdeenAberdeen UK

William J FitzPatrickUniversity of RochesterRochester NY USA

Owen FlanaganDuke UniversityDurham NC USA

Hans HalvorsonPrinceton UniversityPrinceton NJ USA

Valerie Gray HardcastleUniversity of CincinnatiCalifornia KY USA

Hud HudsonWestern Washington UniversityBellingham WA USA

Jonathan D JacobsSt Louis UniversitySaint Louis MO USA

x LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS

CSI JenkinsUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouver BC Canada

Richard JoyceVictorian University of WellingtonWellington New Zealand

Brian L KeeleyPitzer CollegeClaremont CA USA

Drew KhlentzosAustralian Research Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders and Department of LinguisticsMacquarie UniversityAustralia

Philip KitcherColumbia UniversityNew York NY USA

Joseph LevineUMass AmherstLeverett MA USA

Neil LevyOxford UniversitySt Kilda East Australia

Michael P LynchUniversity of ConnecticutMansfield Center CT USA

Robert N McCauleyEmory UniversityAtlanta GA USA

Douglas McDermidTrent UniversityPeterborough ON Canada

Christian B MillerWake Forest UniversityWinston‐Salem NC USA

Barbara Gail MonteroCUNYNew York NY USA

Matteo MorgantiDepartment of Philosophy Communication and Performing ArtsUniversity of Rome lsquoRoma TRErsquoRome Italy

Ryan NicholsDepartment of PhilosophyCalifornia State University FullertonFullerton CA USA

Dorothea OlkowskiUniversity of Colorado Colorado SpringColorado Springs CO USA

David PapineauCUNY New York NY USAKings College LondonLondon UK

Keith Ansell PearsonUniversity of WarwickCoventry UK

John ProteviLouisiana State UniversityBaton Rouge LA USA

Jeffrey W RolandLouisiana State UniversityBaton Rouge LA USA

Gideon RosenPrinceton UniversityPrinceton NJ USA

Hagop SarkissianDepartment of Philosophy Baruch CollegeCUNYNew York NY USA

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS xi

P Kyle StanfordUniversity of California Department of Logic and Philosophy of ScienceIrvine CA USA

Jussi SuikkanenUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham UK

Valerie TiberiusUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolis MN USA

Kevin TimpeNorthwest Nazarene CollegeNampa ID USA

Nicholas WolterstorffYale UniversityGrand Rapids MI USA

David WongDuke UniversityDurham NC USA

Preface

A few years ago I read Owen Flanagan Hagop Sarkissian and David Wongrsquos essay ldquoNaturalizing Ethicsrdquo1 Unlike much recent philosophy it was expansive bold and incom-plete I mean all of those as compliments It laid out very clearly their understanding of naturalism and then explored the implications of naturalism thus understood for ethics As they are keenly aware defending naturalism and a naturalized ethics requires considerably more attention than a single essay affords But sometimes philosophers should think broadly worldviewishly and suggestively leave the pesky details to be filled in later (p erhaps by others)

I wrote to Owen and asked if hersquod be willing to let me use that essay as the opening salvo in a contrasting‐views book on naturalism and after consulting with Hagop and David he generously agreed I approached Blackwell with the completed project and they encouraged me to think bigger By the time we were done thinking the idea for the Blackwell Companion to Naturalism had emerged It would define and develop naturalism It would also offer criticisms friendly and otherwise And it would contain essays like the original piece that would speak to a wide audience in broad and suggestive ways A few years later voila the book is now complete

ldquoVoilardquo makes it sound easier than it was I felt at times in the lyrics of the Bob Seger tune that I was running against the wind that sounds overly dramatic but I was faced with difficult decisions about ldquowhat to leave in what to leave outrdquo Naturalism and ethics seemed one of the contemporary pressure points for assessing the prospects and problems of natu-ralism there are more essays on this topic than any other More topics emerged such as truth knowledge science metaphysics mind socialndashpolitical philosophy and religion I sought defenders on the extremes of these views ndash not to be provocative but to help the reader get a better sense of a lively ongoing and even important debate Of course on the running‐against‐the‐wind score there were scofflaws that missed deadlines and ignored my entreaties

The completed volume offers a snapshot of a moving target How should we conceive of naturalism and what are its consequences for say ethics or knowledge Itrsquos a moving target partly because naturalism constitutes more than a denial of supernaturalism it also includes

1 Reprinted as Chapter 2 in this volume

PREFACE xiii

some sort of special allegiance to science But science has not as far as we know achieved its final form and there is much that is as yet scientifically unknown So we simply donrsquot know exactly what allegiance to science entails for this or that philosophical topic Naturalism and its consequences is a work in progress

I am grateful for the kind support and encouragement of my wife Susan This work was generously supported by a grant from the John Templeton Foundation

Kelly James Clark

Contents

List of Contributors ixPreface xii

1 Naturalism and its Discontents 1Kelly James Clark

2 Naturalizing Ethics 16Owen Flanagan Hagop Sarkissian and David Wong

3 Naturalism in the Continental Tradition 34Keith Ansell Pearson and John Protevi

4 The Naturalism Question in Feminism 49Aacutesta Sveinsdoacutettir

5 On Naturalistic Metaphysics 61Thomas M Crisp

6 Naturalism and Realism in the Philosophy Science 75Matteo Morganti

7 Naturalism without Scientism 91P Kyle Stanford

8 ldquoThe Horrid Doubtrdquo Naturalism and Evolutionary Biology 109Valerie Gray Hardcastle

9 Naturalism and Antinaturalism in the Sociology of Science 124Dorothea Olkowski

10 Why Methodological Naturalism 136Hans Halvorson

11 Naturalism and the Question of Realism 150Drew Khlentzos

12 Non‐Naturalistic Metaphysics 168Hud Hudson

13 Naturalism and Physicalism 182Barbara Gail Montero and David Papineau

14 Natural Mind 196Brian L Keeley

viii CONTENTS

15 Naturalism and Dualism 209Joseph Levine

16 Epistemological Naturalisms 220CSI Jenkins

17 Dewey Naturalism and the Problem of Knowledge 234Douglas McDermid

18 Truth and Naturalism 246Douglas Edwards Filippo Ferrari and Michael P Lynch

19 Against Naturalism about Truth 262Berit Brogaard

20 Mathematics and Metaphysical Naturalism 277Gideon Rosen

21 Naturalism and Mathematics Some Problems 289Jeffrey W Roland

22 Naturalism and Free Will 305Neil Levy

23 Free Will and Naturalism How to Be a Libertarian and a Naturalist Too 319Kevin Timpe and Jonathan D Jacobs

24 Does the New Wave in Moral Psychology Sink Kant 336Valerie Tiberius

25 Naturalism in Metaethics 351Jussi Suikkanen

26 Evolution and Moral Naturalism 369Richard Joyce

27 Scientific Naturalism and the Explanation of Moral Beliefs Challenging Evolutionary Debunking 386William J FitzPatrick

28 Whatrsquos to be Said for Moral Non‐Naturalism 401Terence D Cuneo

29 Naturalism and Moral Psychology 416Christian B Miller

30 Militant Modern Atheism 435Philip Kitcher

31 Why Naturalism Cannot Account for Natural Human Rights 447Nicholas Wolterstorff

32 Cognitive and Evolutionary Approaches to Religion 462Robert N McCauley

33 The Naturalness of Religious Belief Epistemological Implications 481Helen De Cruz

34 Naturalism in Indian Philosophy 494Amita Chatterjee

35 The Natural History of Shame and its Modification by Confucian Culture 512Ryan Nichols

Index 528

List of Contributors

Aacutesta SveinsdoacutettirSan Francisco State UniversitySan Francisco CA USA

Berit BrogaardUniversity of Miami Miami FL USAUniversity of OsloOslo Norway

Amita ChatterjeeSchool of Cognitive ScienceJadavpur UniversityKolkata India

Kelly James ClarkKaufman InstituteGrand Valley State UniversityAllendale MI USA

Thomas M CrispBiola UniversityBrea CA USA

Terence D CuneoUniversity of VermontBurlington VT USA

Helen De CruzFaculty of Humanities VU University AmsterdamAmsterdam The Netherlands

Douglas EdwardsHamilton CollegeClinton NY USA

Filippo FerrariUniversity of AberdeenAberdeen UK

William J FitzPatrickUniversity of RochesterRochester NY USA

Owen FlanaganDuke UniversityDurham NC USA

Hans HalvorsonPrinceton UniversityPrinceton NJ USA

Valerie Gray HardcastleUniversity of CincinnatiCalifornia KY USA

Hud HudsonWestern Washington UniversityBellingham WA USA

Jonathan D JacobsSt Louis UniversitySaint Louis MO USA

x LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS

CSI JenkinsUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouver BC Canada

Richard JoyceVictorian University of WellingtonWellington New Zealand

Brian L KeeleyPitzer CollegeClaremont CA USA

Drew KhlentzosAustralian Research Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders and Department of LinguisticsMacquarie UniversityAustralia

Philip KitcherColumbia UniversityNew York NY USA

Joseph LevineUMass AmherstLeverett MA USA

Neil LevyOxford UniversitySt Kilda East Australia

Michael P LynchUniversity of ConnecticutMansfield Center CT USA

Robert N McCauleyEmory UniversityAtlanta GA USA

Douglas McDermidTrent UniversityPeterborough ON Canada

Christian B MillerWake Forest UniversityWinston‐Salem NC USA

Barbara Gail MonteroCUNYNew York NY USA

Matteo MorgantiDepartment of Philosophy Communication and Performing ArtsUniversity of Rome lsquoRoma TRErsquoRome Italy

Ryan NicholsDepartment of PhilosophyCalifornia State University FullertonFullerton CA USA

Dorothea OlkowskiUniversity of Colorado Colorado SpringColorado Springs CO USA

David PapineauCUNY New York NY USAKings College LondonLondon UK

Keith Ansell PearsonUniversity of WarwickCoventry UK

John ProteviLouisiana State UniversityBaton Rouge LA USA

Jeffrey W RolandLouisiana State UniversityBaton Rouge LA USA

Gideon RosenPrinceton UniversityPrinceton NJ USA

Hagop SarkissianDepartment of Philosophy Baruch CollegeCUNYNew York NY USA

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS xi

P Kyle StanfordUniversity of California Department of Logic and Philosophy of ScienceIrvine CA USA

Jussi SuikkanenUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham UK

Valerie TiberiusUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolis MN USA

Kevin TimpeNorthwest Nazarene CollegeNampa ID USA

Nicholas WolterstorffYale UniversityGrand Rapids MI USA

David WongDuke UniversityDurham NC USA

Preface

A few years ago I read Owen Flanagan Hagop Sarkissian and David Wongrsquos essay ldquoNaturalizing Ethicsrdquo1 Unlike much recent philosophy it was expansive bold and incom-plete I mean all of those as compliments It laid out very clearly their understanding of naturalism and then explored the implications of naturalism thus understood for ethics As they are keenly aware defending naturalism and a naturalized ethics requires considerably more attention than a single essay affords But sometimes philosophers should think broadly worldviewishly and suggestively leave the pesky details to be filled in later (p erhaps by others)

I wrote to Owen and asked if hersquod be willing to let me use that essay as the opening salvo in a contrasting‐views book on naturalism and after consulting with Hagop and David he generously agreed I approached Blackwell with the completed project and they encouraged me to think bigger By the time we were done thinking the idea for the Blackwell Companion to Naturalism had emerged It would define and develop naturalism It would also offer criticisms friendly and otherwise And it would contain essays like the original piece that would speak to a wide audience in broad and suggestive ways A few years later voila the book is now complete

ldquoVoilardquo makes it sound easier than it was I felt at times in the lyrics of the Bob Seger tune that I was running against the wind that sounds overly dramatic but I was faced with difficult decisions about ldquowhat to leave in what to leave outrdquo Naturalism and ethics seemed one of the contemporary pressure points for assessing the prospects and problems of natu-ralism there are more essays on this topic than any other More topics emerged such as truth knowledge science metaphysics mind socialndashpolitical philosophy and religion I sought defenders on the extremes of these views ndash not to be provocative but to help the reader get a better sense of a lively ongoing and even important debate Of course on the running‐against‐the‐wind score there were scofflaws that missed deadlines and ignored my entreaties

The completed volume offers a snapshot of a moving target How should we conceive of naturalism and what are its consequences for say ethics or knowledge Itrsquos a moving target partly because naturalism constitutes more than a denial of supernaturalism it also includes

1 Reprinted as Chapter 2 in this volume

PREFACE xiii

some sort of special allegiance to science But science has not as far as we know achieved its final form and there is much that is as yet scientifically unknown So we simply donrsquot know exactly what allegiance to science entails for this or that philosophical topic Naturalism and its consequences is a work in progress

I am grateful for the kind support and encouragement of my wife Susan This work was generously supported by a grant from the John Templeton Foundation

Kelly James Clark

viii CONTENTS

15 Naturalism and Dualism 209Joseph Levine

16 Epistemological Naturalisms 220CSI Jenkins

17 Dewey Naturalism and the Problem of Knowledge 234Douglas McDermid

18 Truth and Naturalism 246Douglas Edwards Filippo Ferrari and Michael P Lynch

19 Against Naturalism about Truth 262Berit Brogaard

20 Mathematics and Metaphysical Naturalism 277Gideon Rosen

21 Naturalism and Mathematics Some Problems 289Jeffrey W Roland

22 Naturalism and Free Will 305Neil Levy

23 Free Will and Naturalism How to Be a Libertarian and a Naturalist Too 319Kevin Timpe and Jonathan D Jacobs

24 Does the New Wave in Moral Psychology Sink Kant 336Valerie Tiberius

25 Naturalism in Metaethics 351Jussi Suikkanen

26 Evolution and Moral Naturalism 369Richard Joyce

27 Scientific Naturalism and the Explanation of Moral Beliefs Challenging Evolutionary Debunking 386William J FitzPatrick

28 Whatrsquos to be Said for Moral Non‐Naturalism 401Terence D Cuneo

29 Naturalism and Moral Psychology 416Christian B Miller

30 Militant Modern Atheism 435Philip Kitcher

31 Why Naturalism Cannot Account for Natural Human Rights 447Nicholas Wolterstorff

32 Cognitive and Evolutionary Approaches to Religion 462Robert N McCauley

33 The Naturalness of Religious Belief Epistemological Implications 481Helen De Cruz

34 Naturalism in Indian Philosophy 494Amita Chatterjee

35 The Natural History of Shame and its Modification by Confucian Culture 512Ryan Nichols

Index 528

List of Contributors

Aacutesta SveinsdoacutettirSan Francisco State UniversitySan Francisco CA USA

Berit BrogaardUniversity of Miami Miami FL USAUniversity of OsloOslo Norway

Amita ChatterjeeSchool of Cognitive ScienceJadavpur UniversityKolkata India

Kelly James ClarkKaufman InstituteGrand Valley State UniversityAllendale MI USA

Thomas M CrispBiola UniversityBrea CA USA

Terence D CuneoUniversity of VermontBurlington VT USA

Helen De CruzFaculty of Humanities VU University AmsterdamAmsterdam The Netherlands

Douglas EdwardsHamilton CollegeClinton NY USA

Filippo FerrariUniversity of AberdeenAberdeen UK

William J FitzPatrickUniversity of RochesterRochester NY USA

Owen FlanaganDuke UniversityDurham NC USA

Hans HalvorsonPrinceton UniversityPrinceton NJ USA

Valerie Gray HardcastleUniversity of CincinnatiCalifornia KY USA

Hud HudsonWestern Washington UniversityBellingham WA USA

Jonathan D JacobsSt Louis UniversitySaint Louis MO USA

x LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS

CSI JenkinsUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouver BC Canada

Richard JoyceVictorian University of WellingtonWellington New Zealand

Brian L KeeleyPitzer CollegeClaremont CA USA

Drew KhlentzosAustralian Research Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders and Department of LinguisticsMacquarie UniversityAustralia

Philip KitcherColumbia UniversityNew York NY USA

Joseph LevineUMass AmherstLeverett MA USA

Neil LevyOxford UniversitySt Kilda East Australia

Michael P LynchUniversity of ConnecticutMansfield Center CT USA

Robert N McCauleyEmory UniversityAtlanta GA USA

Douglas McDermidTrent UniversityPeterborough ON Canada

Christian B MillerWake Forest UniversityWinston‐Salem NC USA

Barbara Gail MonteroCUNYNew York NY USA

Matteo MorgantiDepartment of Philosophy Communication and Performing ArtsUniversity of Rome lsquoRoma TRErsquoRome Italy

Ryan NicholsDepartment of PhilosophyCalifornia State University FullertonFullerton CA USA

Dorothea OlkowskiUniversity of Colorado Colorado SpringColorado Springs CO USA

David PapineauCUNY New York NY USAKings College LondonLondon UK

Keith Ansell PearsonUniversity of WarwickCoventry UK

John ProteviLouisiana State UniversityBaton Rouge LA USA

Jeffrey W RolandLouisiana State UniversityBaton Rouge LA USA

Gideon RosenPrinceton UniversityPrinceton NJ USA

Hagop SarkissianDepartment of Philosophy Baruch CollegeCUNYNew York NY USA

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS xi

P Kyle StanfordUniversity of California Department of Logic and Philosophy of ScienceIrvine CA USA

Jussi SuikkanenUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham UK

Valerie TiberiusUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolis MN USA

Kevin TimpeNorthwest Nazarene CollegeNampa ID USA

Nicholas WolterstorffYale UniversityGrand Rapids MI USA

David WongDuke UniversityDurham NC USA

Preface

A few years ago I read Owen Flanagan Hagop Sarkissian and David Wongrsquos essay ldquoNaturalizing Ethicsrdquo1 Unlike much recent philosophy it was expansive bold and incom-plete I mean all of those as compliments It laid out very clearly their understanding of naturalism and then explored the implications of naturalism thus understood for ethics As they are keenly aware defending naturalism and a naturalized ethics requires considerably more attention than a single essay affords But sometimes philosophers should think broadly worldviewishly and suggestively leave the pesky details to be filled in later (p erhaps by others)

I wrote to Owen and asked if hersquod be willing to let me use that essay as the opening salvo in a contrasting‐views book on naturalism and after consulting with Hagop and David he generously agreed I approached Blackwell with the completed project and they encouraged me to think bigger By the time we were done thinking the idea for the Blackwell Companion to Naturalism had emerged It would define and develop naturalism It would also offer criticisms friendly and otherwise And it would contain essays like the original piece that would speak to a wide audience in broad and suggestive ways A few years later voila the book is now complete

ldquoVoilardquo makes it sound easier than it was I felt at times in the lyrics of the Bob Seger tune that I was running against the wind that sounds overly dramatic but I was faced with difficult decisions about ldquowhat to leave in what to leave outrdquo Naturalism and ethics seemed one of the contemporary pressure points for assessing the prospects and problems of natu-ralism there are more essays on this topic than any other More topics emerged such as truth knowledge science metaphysics mind socialndashpolitical philosophy and religion I sought defenders on the extremes of these views ndash not to be provocative but to help the reader get a better sense of a lively ongoing and even important debate Of course on the running‐against‐the‐wind score there were scofflaws that missed deadlines and ignored my entreaties

The completed volume offers a snapshot of a moving target How should we conceive of naturalism and what are its consequences for say ethics or knowledge Itrsquos a moving target partly because naturalism constitutes more than a denial of supernaturalism it also includes

1 Reprinted as Chapter 2 in this volume

PREFACE xiii

some sort of special allegiance to science But science has not as far as we know achieved its final form and there is much that is as yet scientifically unknown So we simply donrsquot know exactly what allegiance to science entails for this or that philosophical topic Naturalism and its consequences is a work in progress

I am grateful for the kind support and encouragement of my wife Susan This work was generously supported by a grant from the John Templeton Foundation

Kelly James Clark

List of Contributors

Aacutesta SveinsdoacutettirSan Francisco State UniversitySan Francisco CA USA

Berit BrogaardUniversity of Miami Miami FL USAUniversity of OsloOslo Norway

Amita ChatterjeeSchool of Cognitive ScienceJadavpur UniversityKolkata India

Kelly James ClarkKaufman InstituteGrand Valley State UniversityAllendale MI USA

Thomas M CrispBiola UniversityBrea CA USA

Terence D CuneoUniversity of VermontBurlington VT USA

Helen De CruzFaculty of Humanities VU University AmsterdamAmsterdam The Netherlands

Douglas EdwardsHamilton CollegeClinton NY USA

Filippo FerrariUniversity of AberdeenAberdeen UK

William J FitzPatrickUniversity of RochesterRochester NY USA

Owen FlanaganDuke UniversityDurham NC USA

Hans HalvorsonPrinceton UniversityPrinceton NJ USA

Valerie Gray HardcastleUniversity of CincinnatiCalifornia KY USA

Hud HudsonWestern Washington UniversityBellingham WA USA

Jonathan D JacobsSt Louis UniversitySaint Louis MO USA

x LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS

CSI JenkinsUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouver BC Canada

Richard JoyceVictorian University of WellingtonWellington New Zealand

Brian L KeeleyPitzer CollegeClaremont CA USA

Drew KhlentzosAustralian Research Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders and Department of LinguisticsMacquarie UniversityAustralia

Philip KitcherColumbia UniversityNew York NY USA

Joseph LevineUMass AmherstLeverett MA USA

Neil LevyOxford UniversitySt Kilda East Australia

Michael P LynchUniversity of ConnecticutMansfield Center CT USA

Robert N McCauleyEmory UniversityAtlanta GA USA

Douglas McDermidTrent UniversityPeterborough ON Canada

Christian B MillerWake Forest UniversityWinston‐Salem NC USA

Barbara Gail MonteroCUNYNew York NY USA

Matteo MorgantiDepartment of Philosophy Communication and Performing ArtsUniversity of Rome lsquoRoma TRErsquoRome Italy

Ryan NicholsDepartment of PhilosophyCalifornia State University FullertonFullerton CA USA

Dorothea OlkowskiUniversity of Colorado Colorado SpringColorado Springs CO USA

David PapineauCUNY New York NY USAKings College LondonLondon UK

Keith Ansell PearsonUniversity of WarwickCoventry UK

John ProteviLouisiana State UniversityBaton Rouge LA USA

Jeffrey W RolandLouisiana State UniversityBaton Rouge LA USA

Gideon RosenPrinceton UniversityPrinceton NJ USA

Hagop SarkissianDepartment of Philosophy Baruch CollegeCUNYNew York NY USA

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS xi

P Kyle StanfordUniversity of California Department of Logic and Philosophy of ScienceIrvine CA USA

Jussi SuikkanenUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham UK

Valerie TiberiusUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolis MN USA

Kevin TimpeNorthwest Nazarene CollegeNampa ID USA

Nicholas WolterstorffYale UniversityGrand Rapids MI USA

David WongDuke UniversityDurham NC USA

Preface

A few years ago I read Owen Flanagan Hagop Sarkissian and David Wongrsquos essay ldquoNaturalizing Ethicsrdquo1 Unlike much recent philosophy it was expansive bold and incom-plete I mean all of those as compliments It laid out very clearly their understanding of naturalism and then explored the implications of naturalism thus understood for ethics As they are keenly aware defending naturalism and a naturalized ethics requires considerably more attention than a single essay affords But sometimes philosophers should think broadly worldviewishly and suggestively leave the pesky details to be filled in later (p erhaps by others)

I wrote to Owen and asked if hersquod be willing to let me use that essay as the opening salvo in a contrasting‐views book on naturalism and after consulting with Hagop and David he generously agreed I approached Blackwell with the completed project and they encouraged me to think bigger By the time we were done thinking the idea for the Blackwell Companion to Naturalism had emerged It would define and develop naturalism It would also offer criticisms friendly and otherwise And it would contain essays like the original piece that would speak to a wide audience in broad and suggestive ways A few years later voila the book is now complete

ldquoVoilardquo makes it sound easier than it was I felt at times in the lyrics of the Bob Seger tune that I was running against the wind that sounds overly dramatic but I was faced with difficult decisions about ldquowhat to leave in what to leave outrdquo Naturalism and ethics seemed one of the contemporary pressure points for assessing the prospects and problems of natu-ralism there are more essays on this topic than any other More topics emerged such as truth knowledge science metaphysics mind socialndashpolitical philosophy and religion I sought defenders on the extremes of these views ndash not to be provocative but to help the reader get a better sense of a lively ongoing and even important debate Of course on the running‐against‐the‐wind score there were scofflaws that missed deadlines and ignored my entreaties

The completed volume offers a snapshot of a moving target How should we conceive of naturalism and what are its consequences for say ethics or knowledge Itrsquos a moving target partly because naturalism constitutes more than a denial of supernaturalism it also includes

1 Reprinted as Chapter 2 in this volume

PREFACE xiii

some sort of special allegiance to science But science has not as far as we know achieved its final form and there is much that is as yet scientifically unknown So we simply donrsquot know exactly what allegiance to science entails for this or that philosophical topic Naturalism and its consequences is a work in progress

I am grateful for the kind support and encouragement of my wife Susan This work was generously supported by a grant from the John Templeton Foundation

Kelly James Clark

x LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS

CSI JenkinsUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouver BC Canada

Richard JoyceVictorian University of WellingtonWellington New Zealand

Brian L KeeleyPitzer CollegeClaremont CA USA

Drew KhlentzosAustralian Research Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders and Department of LinguisticsMacquarie UniversityAustralia

Philip KitcherColumbia UniversityNew York NY USA

Joseph LevineUMass AmherstLeverett MA USA

Neil LevyOxford UniversitySt Kilda East Australia

Michael P LynchUniversity of ConnecticutMansfield Center CT USA

Robert N McCauleyEmory UniversityAtlanta GA USA

Douglas McDermidTrent UniversityPeterborough ON Canada

Christian B MillerWake Forest UniversityWinston‐Salem NC USA

Barbara Gail MonteroCUNYNew York NY USA

Matteo MorgantiDepartment of Philosophy Communication and Performing ArtsUniversity of Rome lsquoRoma TRErsquoRome Italy

Ryan NicholsDepartment of PhilosophyCalifornia State University FullertonFullerton CA USA

Dorothea OlkowskiUniversity of Colorado Colorado SpringColorado Springs CO USA

David PapineauCUNY New York NY USAKings College LondonLondon UK

Keith Ansell PearsonUniversity of WarwickCoventry UK

John ProteviLouisiana State UniversityBaton Rouge LA USA

Jeffrey W RolandLouisiana State UniversityBaton Rouge LA USA

Gideon RosenPrinceton UniversityPrinceton NJ USA

Hagop SarkissianDepartment of Philosophy Baruch CollegeCUNYNew York NY USA

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS xi

P Kyle StanfordUniversity of California Department of Logic and Philosophy of ScienceIrvine CA USA

Jussi SuikkanenUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham UK

Valerie TiberiusUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolis MN USA

Kevin TimpeNorthwest Nazarene CollegeNampa ID USA

Nicholas WolterstorffYale UniversityGrand Rapids MI USA

David WongDuke UniversityDurham NC USA

Preface

A few years ago I read Owen Flanagan Hagop Sarkissian and David Wongrsquos essay ldquoNaturalizing Ethicsrdquo1 Unlike much recent philosophy it was expansive bold and incom-plete I mean all of those as compliments It laid out very clearly their understanding of naturalism and then explored the implications of naturalism thus understood for ethics As they are keenly aware defending naturalism and a naturalized ethics requires considerably more attention than a single essay affords But sometimes philosophers should think broadly worldviewishly and suggestively leave the pesky details to be filled in later (p erhaps by others)

I wrote to Owen and asked if hersquod be willing to let me use that essay as the opening salvo in a contrasting‐views book on naturalism and after consulting with Hagop and David he generously agreed I approached Blackwell with the completed project and they encouraged me to think bigger By the time we were done thinking the idea for the Blackwell Companion to Naturalism had emerged It would define and develop naturalism It would also offer criticisms friendly and otherwise And it would contain essays like the original piece that would speak to a wide audience in broad and suggestive ways A few years later voila the book is now complete

ldquoVoilardquo makes it sound easier than it was I felt at times in the lyrics of the Bob Seger tune that I was running against the wind that sounds overly dramatic but I was faced with difficult decisions about ldquowhat to leave in what to leave outrdquo Naturalism and ethics seemed one of the contemporary pressure points for assessing the prospects and problems of natu-ralism there are more essays on this topic than any other More topics emerged such as truth knowledge science metaphysics mind socialndashpolitical philosophy and religion I sought defenders on the extremes of these views ndash not to be provocative but to help the reader get a better sense of a lively ongoing and even important debate Of course on the running‐against‐the‐wind score there were scofflaws that missed deadlines and ignored my entreaties

The completed volume offers a snapshot of a moving target How should we conceive of naturalism and what are its consequences for say ethics or knowledge Itrsquos a moving target partly because naturalism constitutes more than a denial of supernaturalism it also includes

1 Reprinted as Chapter 2 in this volume

PREFACE xiii

some sort of special allegiance to science But science has not as far as we know achieved its final form and there is much that is as yet scientifically unknown So we simply donrsquot know exactly what allegiance to science entails for this or that philosophical topic Naturalism and its consequences is a work in progress

I am grateful for the kind support and encouragement of my wife Susan This work was generously supported by a grant from the John Templeton Foundation

Kelly James Clark

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS xi

P Kyle StanfordUniversity of California Department of Logic and Philosophy of ScienceIrvine CA USA

Jussi SuikkanenUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham UK

Valerie TiberiusUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolis MN USA

Kevin TimpeNorthwest Nazarene CollegeNampa ID USA

Nicholas WolterstorffYale UniversityGrand Rapids MI USA

David WongDuke UniversityDurham NC USA

Preface

A few years ago I read Owen Flanagan Hagop Sarkissian and David Wongrsquos essay ldquoNaturalizing Ethicsrdquo1 Unlike much recent philosophy it was expansive bold and incom-plete I mean all of those as compliments It laid out very clearly their understanding of naturalism and then explored the implications of naturalism thus understood for ethics As they are keenly aware defending naturalism and a naturalized ethics requires considerably more attention than a single essay affords But sometimes philosophers should think broadly worldviewishly and suggestively leave the pesky details to be filled in later (p erhaps by others)

I wrote to Owen and asked if hersquod be willing to let me use that essay as the opening salvo in a contrasting‐views book on naturalism and after consulting with Hagop and David he generously agreed I approached Blackwell with the completed project and they encouraged me to think bigger By the time we were done thinking the idea for the Blackwell Companion to Naturalism had emerged It would define and develop naturalism It would also offer criticisms friendly and otherwise And it would contain essays like the original piece that would speak to a wide audience in broad and suggestive ways A few years later voila the book is now complete

ldquoVoilardquo makes it sound easier than it was I felt at times in the lyrics of the Bob Seger tune that I was running against the wind that sounds overly dramatic but I was faced with difficult decisions about ldquowhat to leave in what to leave outrdquo Naturalism and ethics seemed one of the contemporary pressure points for assessing the prospects and problems of natu-ralism there are more essays on this topic than any other More topics emerged such as truth knowledge science metaphysics mind socialndashpolitical philosophy and religion I sought defenders on the extremes of these views ndash not to be provocative but to help the reader get a better sense of a lively ongoing and even important debate Of course on the running‐against‐the‐wind score there were scofflaws that missed deadlines and ignored my entreaties

The completed volume offers a snapshot of a moving target How should we conceive of naturalism and what are its consequences for say ethics or knowledge Itrsquos a moving target partly because naturalism constitutes more than a denial of supernaturalism it also includes

1 Reprinted as Chapter 2 in this volume

PREFACE xiii

some sort of special allegiance to science But science has not as far as we know achieved its final form and there is much that is as yet scientifically unknown So we simply donrsquot know exactly what allegiance to science entails for this or that philosophical topic Naturalism and its consequences is a work in progress

I am grateful for the kind support and encouragement of my wife Susan This work was generously supported by a grant from the John Templeton Foundation

Kelly James Clark

Preface

A few years ago I read Owen Flanagan Hagop Sarkissian and David Wongrsquos essay ldquoNaturalizing Ethicsrdquo1 Unlike much recent philosophy it was expansive bold and incom-plete I mean all of those as compliments It laid out very clearly their understanding of naturalism and then explored the implications of naturalism thus understood for ethics As they are keenly aware defending naturalism and a naturalized ethics requires considerably more attention than a single essay affords But sometimes philosophers should think broadly worldviewishly and suggestively leave the pesky details to be filled in later (p erhaps by others)

I wrote to Owen and asked if hersquod be willing to let me use that essay as the opening salvo in a contrasting‐views book on naturalism and after consulting with Hagop and David he generously agreed I approached Blackwell with the completed project and they encouraged me to think bigger By the time we were done thinking the idea for the Blackwell Companion to Naturalism had emerged It would define and develop naturalism It would also offer criticisms friendly and otherwise And it would contain essays like the original piece that would speak to a wide audience in broad and suggestive ways A few years later voila the book is now complete

ldquoVoilardquo makes it sound easier than it was I felt at times in the lyrics of the Bob Seger tune that I was running against the wind that sounds overly dramatic but I was faced with difficult decisions about ldquowhat to leave in what to leave outrdquo Naturalism and ethics seemed one of the contemporary pressure points for assessing the prospects and problems of natu-ralism there are more essays on this topic than any other More topics emerged such as truth knowledge science metaphysics mind socialndashpolitical philosophy and religion I sought defenders on the extremes of these views ndash not to be provocative but to help the reader get a better sense of a lively ongoing and even important debate Of course on the running‐against‐the‐wind score there were scofflaws that missed deadlines and ignored my entreaties

The completed volume offers a snapshot of a moving target How should we conceive of naturalism and what are its consequences for say ethics or knowledge Itrsquos a moving target partly because naturalism constitutes more than a denial of supernaturalism it also includes

1 Reprinted as Chapter 2 in this volume

PREFACE xiii

some sort of special allegiance to science But science has not as far as we know achieved its final form and there is much that is as yet scientifically unknown So we simply donrsquot know exactly what allegiance to science entails for this or that philosophical topic Naturalism and its consequences is a work in progress

I am grateful for the kind support and encouragement of my wife Susan This work was generously supported by a grant from the John Templeton Foundation

Kelly James Clark

PREFACE xiii

some sort of special allegiance to science But science has not as far as we know achieved its final form and there is much that is as yet scientifically unknown So we simply donrsquot know exactly what allegiance to science entails for this or that philosophical topic Naturalism and its consequences is a work in progress

I am grateful for the kind support and encouragement of my wife Susan This work was generously supported by a grant from the John Templeton Foundation

Kelly James Clark