The Basics of Quality The Basics of Quality ControlControl

for Insect Rearing for Insect Rearing20152015

Norm LepplaNorm Leppla

University of FloridaUniversity of Florida

Entomology and Nematology Entomology and Nematology DepartmentDepartment

Norm’s Career in Insect Norm’s Career in Insect RearingRearing• University of Arizona- Insect rearing research, 2 University of Arizona- Insect rearing research, 2

yearsyears

• USDA, ARS- Insectary management, Florida and USDA, ARS- Insectary management, Florida and Texas, 17 yearsTexas, 17 years

• USDA, APHIS- Methods development, Washington USDA, APHIS- Methods development, Washington DC and international, 7 yearsDC and international, 7 years

• University of Florida- Integrated pest management University of Florida- Integrated pest management and biological control, 18 years and biological control, 18 years

• Rearing and quality of Rearing and quality of Tamarixia radiata (Chris Kerr)Tamarixia radiata (Chris Kerr)

• Extension IPM Extension IPM (http://ipm.ifas.ufl.edu)(http://ipm.ifas.ufl.edu)

I. I. IntroductionIntroduction

Countries of Workshop Countries of Workshop StudentsStudents

Quality Control TopicsQuality Control Topics

I.I. Introduction- Learning how to Introduction- Learning how to rear quality insectsrear quality insects

II.II. Colony Establishment and Colony Establishment and MaintenanceMaintenance

III.III. Monitoring QualityMonitoring Quality

IV.IV. Evaluation and ManagementEvaluation and Management

V.V. Guidelines for Quality SystemsGuidelines for Quality Systems

VI.VI. Total Quality ManagementTotal Quality Management

Learning How to Rear High Learning How to Rear High Quality InsectsQuality Insects

•Apprentice in an insectaryApprentice in an insectary

•Network with other professionalsNetwork with other professionals

•Literature plus trial-and-errorLiterature plus trial-and-error

•Visit other insectariesVisit other insectaries

•Reviews by expertsReviews by experts

•Education and training programs Education and training programs

MSU Insect Rearing CenterMSU Insect Rearing Center

John Schneider

Frank Davis

http://insectdiets.com/

•Online courses

•Classroom courses

•Webinars

•Mentoring

2004

Insectary Insectary Manager Manager NetworkNetwork

Anyone associated with the mass Anyone associated with the mass rearing of insectsrearing of insects

65 Members65 Members

http://www.entsoc.org/

Subscribe:Subscribe:((leonwesterd@gmail.coleonwesterd@gmail.comm))

Insect Rearing Insect Rearing Professionals Professionals Google GroupGoogle Group

Léon WesterdGroup moderatorHead of insect rearingWageningen UR, Netherlands

VI. Total Quality ManagementVI. Total Quality Management

Generic Guidelines Generic Guidelines forfor

Quality Systems Quality Systems

•Policy, Planning and AdministrationPolicy, Planning and Administration

•Design Assurance and Change ControlDesign Assurance and Change Control

•Control of Purchased MaterialsControl of Purchased Materials

•Production Quality ControlProduction Quality Control

•User Contact and Field PerformanceUser Contact and Field Performance

•Corrective ActionCorrective Action

•Employees- Select, Train and MotivateEmployees- Select, Train and Motivate

Quality Control Quality Control ProgramsPrograms

•Individual Companies Customers

•International Standards ISO 9000 ASTM

•The Marketplace Quality Products

SpecificationsSpecifications- Requirements - Requirements forfor

a product or service a product or service

StandardsStandards- The level of quality - The level of quality at which a specification is at which a specification is

writtenwritten

Parts of an Insect Rearing Parts of an Insect Rearing SystemSystem

A Complete QA A Complete QA

SystemSystem

II. A. Purposes for Rearing InsectsII. A. Purposes for Rearing Insects

II. B. Types of Insect Rearing II. B. Types of Insect Rearing

SystemsSystems

II. C. Options for Colonizing InsectsII. C. Options for Colonizing Insects

II. D. Maintaining the Quality of II. D. Maintaining the Quality of

Colonized Insects Colonized Insects

II. Colony Establishment II. Colony Establishment andand Maintenance Maintenance

II. A. Purposes for Rearing II. A. Purposes for Rearing InsectsInsects

White witch, White witch, Thysania Thysania agrippina agrippina (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae

MonarchMonarch

Painted LadyPainted Lady

Small-Scale Rearing: Small-Scale Rearing: ButterfliesButterflies

II. B. Types of II. B. Types of InsectInsect

Rearing SystemsRearing Systems

Annie LorieAnnie Lorie““Insect rearing is never Insect rearing is never a boring task; insects a boring task; insects are always doing are always doing something interesting something interesting and pose new and pose new challenges all the time”challenges all the time”

Punky Punky RogersRogers

Medium-ScaleMedium-Scale RearingRearing

Mass Rearing- MedflyMass Rearing- Medfly

Metapa, MexicoMetapa, Mexico

El Pino, El Pino, GuatemalaGuatemala

Capacity- 3.5 billion sterileCapacity- 3.5 billion sterilemale pupae per week male pupae per week

Peter EblingInsect Producer Database Mgr.Great Lakes Forestry Centre1219 Queen St. EastSault Ste. Marie, ON P6A 2E5peter.ebling@nrcan.gc.ca(705) 541-5517

II. C. Options for Colonizing II. C. Options for Colonizing InsectsInsects

•World-wide listing, World-wide listing, 35 insect & 21 35 insect & 21 nematode ordersnematode orders

•Data submitted by Data submitted by sourcessources

•Searchable Searchable databasedatabase

•Expand clientsExpand clients

•Adopt-a-colonyAdopt-a-colony

http://www.insect.glfc.cfs.nrcan.gc.cahttp://www.insect.glfc.cfs.nrcan.gc.ca

Field CollectingField CollectingCabbage LoopersCabbage Loopers

Trichoplusia Trichoplusia nini

Continuous Improvement of Continuous Improvement of Insect RearingInsect Rearing

II. D. Maintaining the II. D. Maintaining the Quality of Colonized Quality of Colonized

IInsectsnsects•Collection of appropriate biotypesCollection of appropriate biotypes

•Colonization and strain developmentColonization and strain development

•Rearing proficiencyRearing proficiency

•Colony management (SOPs)Colony management (SOPs)

•Select, infuse, hybridizeSelect, infuse, hybridize

•Strain replacementStrain replacementSam 2005

Soybean Looper vs. Cabbage Soybean Looper vs. Cabbage Looper Looper

Tritrophic Rearing Tritrophic Rearing System System Tamarixia radiata Tamarixia radiata

SOPsSOPs

Colony ManagementColony Management• Maintain- Low productivity, Maintain- Low productivity,

variability, expensivevariability, expensive• Select- High productivity, Select- High productivity,

uniformity, consistencyuniformity, consistency• Infuse- Short term recovery, Infuse- Short term recovery,

hybridize?hybridize?• Hybridize- New strain, crossesHybridize- New strain, crosses• Replace- New strain, adaptationReplace- New strain, adaptation

III. A. Quality Control Criteria III. A. Quality Control Criteria and Standardized Tests and Standardized Tests

III. B. Sampling for Consistent III. B. Sampling for Consistent Quality Quality

III. C. Production, Process and III. C. Production, Process and Product Control Product Control

III. Monitoring QualityIII. Monitoring Quality

III. A. Quality Control Criteria III. A. Quality Control Criteria and Standardized Testsand Standardized Tests

•Quantity- Number of required stageQuantity- Number of required stage

•Rate of Development-SynchronizationRate of Development-Synchronization

•Viability- Emergence, sex ratioViability- Emergence, sex ratio

•Size- Weight or measurementsSize- Weight or measurements

•Fecundity- Oviposition and egg hatchFecundity- Oviposition and egg hatch

•Adult Behavior-Flight, longevity Adult Behavior-Flight, longevity

•Field Performance- Achieve purposeField Performance- Achieve purpose

Standardized QC TestsStandardized QC Tests• Joop van Lenteren (2003), IOBC-

Guidelines for quality control of commercially produced natural enemies, 30 species

• Rose Buitenhuis (2014), Grower guide to quality assurance of biocontrol products, 22 species

• Custom, develop your own, site-develop your own, site-specificspecific

Shelf

Container 1 2 3 4 5 6

1 175 157.6 17.4 302.76 190 190 191 180 142

2 167 157.6 9.4 88.36 191 191 190 180 176

3 144 157.6 -13.6 184.96 191 190 192 189 156

4 166 157.6 8.4 70.56 191 192 190 176 138

5 136 157.6 -21.6 466.56 190 191 190 174 181

Average 157.6 190.6 190.8 190.6 179.8 158.6

Sum of Squares

1,113.2

Variance 278.3

Standard Deviation

16.7 0.5 0.8 0.9 5.8 19.4

Number of Cabbage Number of Cabbage Looper Pupae Per Rearing Looper Pupae Per Rearing ContainerContainer

Shelf 1 is lowestShelf 1 is lowest

III. B. Sampling III. B. Sampling for Consistent for Consistent QualityQuality

CountCount = Measurement = N = Measurement = N

MeanMean = Sum/Number of Counts = X = Sum/Number of Counts = X

VarianceVariance = Sum of (N – X) = Sum of (N – X)2 2 / n-1 = / n-1 = 22

Standard Deviation Standard Deviation = Square Root of = Square Root of 2 2 = SD= SD

Quality Control Quality Control ChartsCharts

Tamarixia radiata Tamarixia radiata Parasitism Parasitism on 3on 3rdrd, 4, 4thth and 5 and 5thth Instar Instar Diphorina citri Diphorina citri NymphsNymphs

Anonymous, UF

Level of Level of T. radiata T. radiata Parasitism on Parasitism on D. citriD. citri

Level of Level of T. radiata T. radiata Parasitism on Parasitism on D. citriD. citri

T. Radiata T. Radiata Sex RatioSex Ratio

T. radiata T. radiata Hind Tibia Hind Tibia LengthLength

Minimum, maximum and mean hind tibia length of T. radiata that were developing on different Asian citrus psyllid host nymph instars 1, 2

Host instar

Females MalesMin Max x� ±SD (n) Min Max x� ±SD (n)

Third --- --- ---------- 0.16 0.21 0.20±0.02 (13) c

Fourth 0.23 0.27 0.25±0.02 (6) b 0.21 0.27 0.24±0.02 (55) b

Fifth 0.27 0.34 0.31±0.02 (75) a 0.27 0.33 0.29±0.02 (40) a

1 Comparison of means within a given instar were not significantly different between sexes (Tukey’s HSD, α =0.05).

III. C. Production, ProcessIII. C. Production, Process and Product Controland Product Control

Quality Assurance Actions Frequency of Actions

Production and Process Control Routinely Periodically

Have up-to-date standard operating procedures X

Use check sheets to monitor rearing processes X

Record daily production data X

Track changes in production X

Review production with staff X

Improve product quality based on staff feedback X

Product Control

Conduct product quality control assessments X

Have established minimum thresholds of quality X

Use standard shipping and handling procedures X

Customer Service

Add customer feedback forms to shipments X

Add product use instructions to shipments X

Have an established customer service program X

Improve product quality based on customer feedback X

IV. A. Structured DiagnosticIV. A. Structured Diagnostic Procedures Procedures IV. B. Quality Control Versus IV. B. Quality Control Versus Methods Improvement Methods Improvement IV. C. Periodic Review IV. C. Periodic Review

IV. Evaluation and ManagementIV. Evaluation and Management

IV. A. Structured DiagnosticIV. A. Structured Diagnostic ProceduresProcedures

IV. B. Quality Control Versus IV. B. Quality Control Versus Methods ImprovementMethods Improvement

Quality Control

• Monitor indicator variables

• Evaluate multiple variables

• Troubleshoot using QC data

• Conduct evaluations rapidly

• Goal is to maintain stable production Methods Improvement

• Conduct evaluations methodically

• Test one variable at a time

• Use controlled experiments

• Test results in the production system

• Goal is to optimize production

IV. C. Periodic IV. C. Periodic ReviewReview

E. F. Knipling

W. G. Eden

V. Guidelines for Quality V. Guidelines for Quality SystemsSystems

IOBCIOBC

to facilitate and to facilitate and advance cost-effective advance cost-effective rearing of high quality rearing of high quality insects and other insects and other arthropods in support arthropods in support of biological control and of biological control and integrated pest integrated pest managementmanagement

http://www.amrqc.orghttp://www.amrqc.org

International International Organization for Organization for

Biological ControlBiological ControlMission:Mission:

Workshops of the IOBC,Workshops of the IOBC, WGQC (AMRQC, MRQA) WGQC (AMRQC, MRQA)

1982 Gainesville, Florida E. F. Boller and D. L. Chambers1984 Wadenswil, Switzerland E. F. Boller and D. L. Chambers1986 Guatemala City, Guatemala C. 0. Calkins1988 Vancouver, Canada C. 0. Calkins1991 Wageningen, Netherlands F. Bigler and J. C. van Lenteren1992 Horsholm, Denmark F. Bigler1993 Rimini, Italy M. Benuzzi and N. C. Leppla1995 Santa Barbara, California R. F. Luck and N. C. Leppla1998 Cali, Colombia N. C. Leppla and T. R. Ashley2003 Montpellier, France P. De Clercq, S. Grenier and NCL2007 Montreal, Canada S. Grenier and C. S. Glenister2010 Vienna, Austria P. De Clercq and T. A. Coudron2013 Bangalore, India P. De Clercq and T. A. Coudron

Insect Pest Insect Pest Control (IPC)Control (IPC)

http://www-naweb.iaea.org/nafa/ipc/public/ipc-model-plan-sterile-insect-technique.html

Insect Rearing Quality Insect Rearing Quality Control ReferencesControl References

• Leppla, N. C. 2013. Leppla, N. C. 2013. Quality Assurance for Mass-Reared Quality Assurance for Mass-Reared Parasitoids and PredatorsParasitoids and Predators. In . In Mass Production of Mass Production of Beneficial OrganismsBeneficial Organisms. Elsevier. Morales-Ramos, . Elsevier. Morales-Ramos, Rojas, and Shapiro-IlanRojas, and Shapiro-Ilan

• Leppla, N. C. 2009. Leppla, N. C. 2009. The basics of quality control for The basics of quality control for insect rearinginsect rearing. . InIn Principles and Procedures for Principles and Procedures for Rearing Quality InsectsRearing Quality Insects. Miss. State Univ. Schneider. Miss. State Univ. Schneider

• Leppla, N. C. 2004, 2008. Leppla, N. C. 2004, 2008. Rearing of InsectsRearing of Insects.. Encyclopedia of EntomologyEncyclopedia of Entomology. Kluwer. Capinera . Kluwer. Capinera

• Leppla, N. C. 2003. Leppla, N. C. 2003. Guidelines for quality control of Guidelines for quality control of commercially produced natural enemiescommercially produced natural enemies. . In In Quality Quality Control and Production of Biological Control Agents, Control and Production of Biological Control Agents, Theory and Testing Procedures.Theory and Testing Procedures. CABI. Van Lenteren CABI. Van Lenteren

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