The Basics of Quality ControlThe Basics of Quality Control for Insect Rearing for Insect Rearing

20102010

Norman C. LepplaNorman C. Leppla

University of FloridaUniversity of Florida

Department of EntomologyDepartment of Entomology

and Nematologyand Nematology

Leppla’s Career inLeppla’s Career inInsect RearingInsect Rearing

• University of Arizona- Insect rearing research, 2 years

• USDA, ARS- Insectary management Florida & Texas, 17 years

• USDA, APHIS- Methods development, Washington DC & international, 7 years

• University of Florida- Integrated pest management & BC, 13 years

Countries of Workshop Countries of Workshop StudentsStudents

Educational Background

High SchoolHigh School

BSBS

MSMS

PhDPhD

Number of responsesNumber of responses

Entomology

Agronomy

Plant Health

On the Job

Educational Educational BackgroundBackground

2010 Class2010 Class

Learning How to Rear High Learning How to Rear High Quality InsectsQuality Insects

• Apprentice in an insectary• Network with other professionals• Literature plus trial-and-error• Visit other insectaries• Reviews by experts• Education and Training programs

Insectary Insectary Manager Manager NetworkNetwork

Anyone associated with the mass Anyone associated with the mass rearing of insectsrearing of insects

Contact Person: Travis WoodContact Person: Travis WoodUnited Industries CorporationUnited Industries Corporation

Insect Diet & Rearing Insect Diet & Rearing Research, LLCResearch, LLC

• Rearing news• Research• Consultation• Educational programs• Quality control • Custom workshops

http://www.insectdiets.comhttp://www.insectdiets.com

Maintaining the Maintaining the Quality of Colonized Quality of Colonized

InsectsInsects• Collection of appropriate biotypesCollection of appropriate biotypes

• Colonization and strain developmentColonization and strain development

• Rearing proficiencyRearing proficiency

• Colony management Colony management

• OptimizationOptimization

• Strain replacementStrain replacement

I. IntroductionI. Introduction

II. A. Purposes for Rearing InsectsII. A. Purposes for Rearing Insects

II. B. Types of Insect Rearing II. B. Types of Insect Rearing

SystemsSystems

II. C. Options for Colonizing InsectsII. C. Options for Colonizing Insects

II. D. Maintaining the Quality of II. D. Maintaining the Quality of

Colonized Insects Colonized Insects

II. Colony Establishment II. Colony Establishment andand Maintenance Maintenance

II. A. Purposes for Rearing II. A. Purposes for Rearing InsectsInsects

White witch, White witch, Thysania Thysania agrippina agrippina (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae

MonarchMonarch

Painted LadyPainted Lady

Small Scale Rearing: Small Scale Rearing: ButterfliesButterflies

II. B. Types of II. B. Types of InsectInsect

Rearing SystemsRearing Systems

Diet Preparation BuildingDiet Preparation Building

Insect Rearing Insect Rearing FacilitiesFacilities

General Rearing BuildingGeneral Rearing Building

State-of-the-Art Rearing State-of-the-Art Rearing RoomsRooms

Medium-Scale Rearing:Medium-Scale Rearing: LepidopteraLepidoptera

Cabbage Looper, Cabbage Looper, Trichoplusia niTrichoplusia ni

Corn Earworm, Corn Earworm, Helicoverpa Helicoverpa zeazea

USDA, ARS RearingUSDA, ARS Rearing

Keith HaleinKeith Halein

Clarence Clarence GreenGreenJack Jack

RyeRye

Bill FisherBill Fisher

USDA, ARS RearingUSDA, ARS Rearing

Steve CarlyleSteve CarlyleFred AdamsFred Adams

Fred AdamsFred Adams

Annie LorieAnnie LorieInsect rearing is never a Insect rearing is never a boring task; insects are boring task; insects are always doing something always doing something interesting and pose interesting and pose new challenges all the new challenges all the timetime

Punky Punky RogersRogers

USDA, ARSUSDA, ARS RearingRearing

Mass Rearing: MedflyMass Rearing: Medfly

Metapa, MexicoMetapa, Mexico

El Pino, GuatemalaEl Pino, Guatemala

Capacity of 3.5 billion Capacity of 3.5 billion sterilesterilemale pupae per week male pupae per week

Honolulu, HawaiiHonolulu, Hawaii

Nori Tanaka

Peter EblingInsect Producer Database Mgr.Great Lakes Forestry Centre1219 Queen St. EastSault Ste. Marie, ON P6A 2E5peter.ebling@nrcan.gc.ca(705) 541-5517

II. C. Options for Colonizing II. C. Options for Colonizing InsectsInsects

• World-wide listing, World-wide listing, 35 insect & 21 35 insect & 21 nematode ordersnematode orders

• Data submitted by Data submitted by sourcessources

• Searchable Searchable databasedatabase

• Expand clientsExpand clients• Adopt-a-colonyAdopt-a-colony

http://www.insect.glfc.cfs.nrcan.gc.cahttp://www.insect.glfc.cfs.nrcan.gc.ca

Field CollectingField CollectingCabbage LoopersCabbage Loopers

Continuous Improvement of Continuous Improvement of Insect Rearing CapabilityInsect Rearing Capability

II. D. Maintaining the QualityII. D. Maintaining the Quality of Colonized Insectsof Colonized Insects

III. A. Quality Control Criteria III. A. Quality Control Criteria andand Standardized Tests Standardized Tests III. B. Sampling for Consistent III. B. Sampling for Consistent

Quality Quality III. C. Production, Process and III. C. Production, Process and Product Control Product Control

III. Monitoring QualityIII. Monitoring Quality

III. A. Quality Control Criteria III. A. Quality Control Criteria and Standardized Testsand Standardized Tests

• Quantity- Number of Pupae or AdultsQuantity- Number of Pupae or Adults

• Size- Weight of Pupae Size- Weight of Pupae

• Fecundity- Oviposition and Egg HatchFecundity- Oviposition and Egg Hatch

• Rate of Development-SynchronizationRate of Development-Synchronization

• Adult Behavior-Flight, Longevity Adult Behavior-Flight, Longevity

• Field Performance- Achieve PurposeField Performance- Achieve Purpose

SpecificationsSpecifications- Requirements - Requirements forfor

a product or service a product or service

StandardsStandards- The level of quality - The level of quality at which a specification is at which a specification is

writtenwritten

III. B. Sampling III. B. Sampling for Consistent for Consistent QualityQuality

CountCount = Measurement = N = Measurement = N

MeanMean = Sum/Number of Counts = X = Sum/Number of Counts = X

VarianceVariance = Sum of (N – X) = Sum of (N – X)2 2 / n-1 = / n-1 = 22

Standard Deviation Standard Deviation = Square Root of = Square Root of 22= SD= SD

III. C. Production, ProcessIII. C. Production, Process and Product Controland Product Control

IV. A. Structured DiagnosticIV. A. Structured Diagnostic Procedures Procedures IV. B. Quality Control versus IV. B. Quality Control versus Methods Improvement Methods Improvement IV. C. Periodic Review versus IV. C. Periodic Review versus Crisis Review Crisis Review

IV. Evaluation and ManagementIV. Evaluation and Management

IV. A. Structured DiagnosticIV. A. Structured Diagnostic ProceduresProcedures

IV. B. Quality Control versus IV. B. Quality Control versus Methods ImprovementMethods Improvement

Quality ControlQuality Control• Monitor indicator variables• Evaluate multiple variables• Troubleshoot using QC data• Conduct evaluations rapidly• Goal is to restore stable production Methods ImprovementMethods Improvement• Conduct evaluations methodically• Test one variable at a time• Use controlled experiments• Test results in the production system• Goal is to optimize production

Improving Male Fruit Fly Improving Male Fruit Fly PerformancePerformance

Abiotic Environment• Holding Cages• Handling for Release Biotic Environment• Juvenile hormone• Nutrients (sucrose)• Semiochemicals

Olivefly Methods ImprovementOlivefly Methods Improvement

FAO/IAEA Entomology Unit Seibersdorf, Austria - 2009

Eg

gs/

Cag

eEggs laid

Eggs hatched

Sex ratio male:female

Tota

l egg

s la

id

Number of females

Eggs laid

Eggs Hatched

Eggs laid

Eggs hatched

Tota

l eg

gs

laid

Number of males

Olivefly Methods Olivefly Methods ImprovementImprovement

IV. C. Periodic Review IV. C. Periodic Review versus Crisis versus Crisis

ReviewReview

• Terms of referenceTerms of reference• PreparationPreparation• Seek to understandSeek to understand• ClarifyClarify

• ReportReport• FeedbackFeedback• ReflectReflect

V. Guidelines for Quality V. Guidelines for Quality SystemsSystems

IOBCIOBC

Global Quality Control Global Quality Control ProgramsPrograms

• Individual CompaniesIndividual Companies Customers Customers

• International StandardsInternational Standards ISO 9000 ISO 9000 ASTM International ASTM International IOBC Guidelines IOBC Guidelines

• The MarketplaceThe Marketplace Quality Products Quality Products

to facilitate and to facilitate and advance cost-effective advance cost-effective rearing of high quality rearing of high quality insects and other insects and other arthropods in support arthropods in support of biological control and of biological control and integrated pest integrated pest managementmanagement http://www.amrqc.orghttp://www.amrqc.org

International International Organization for Organization for

Biological ControlBiological Control

Workshops of the IOBC,Workshops of the IOBC, WGQC (AMRQC) WGQC (AMRQC)

19821982 Gainesville, FloridaGainesville, Florida E. F. Boller and D. L. ChambersE. F. Boller and D. L. Chambers19841984 Wadenswil, SwitzerlandWadenswil, Switzerland E. F. Boller and D. L. ChambersE. F. Boller and D. L. Chambers19861986 Guatemala City, GuatemalaGuatemala City, Guatemala C. 0. CalkinsC. 0. Calkins19881988 Vancouver, CanadaVancouver, Canada C. 0. CalkinsC. 0. Calkins19911991 Wageningen, NetherlandsWageningen, Netherlands F. Bigler and J. C. van LenterenF. Bigler and J. C. van Lenteren19921992 Horsholm, DenmarkHorsholm, Denmark F. BiglerF. Bigler19931993 Rimini, ItalyRimini, Italy M. Benuzzi and N. C. LepplaM. Benuzzi and N. C. Leppla19951995 Santa Barbara, CaliforniaSanta Barbara, California R. F. Luck and N. C. LepplaR. F. Luck and N. C. Leppla19981998 Cali, ColombiaCali, Colombia N. C. Leppla and T. R. AshleyN. C. Leppla and T. R. Ashley20032003 Montpellier, FranceMontpellier, France P. De Clercq, S. Grenier and P. De Clercq, S. Grenier and

N. C. LepplaN. C. Leppla20072007 Montreal, CanadaMontreal, Canada S. Grenier and C. S. GlenisterS. Grenier and C. S. Glenister20102010 Vienna, AustriaVienna, Austria P. De Clercq and T. A. CoudronP. De Clercq and T. A. Coudron

VI. Total Quality ManagementVI. Total Quality Management

Generic Guidelines Generic Guidelines forfor

Quality Systems Quality Systems

• Policy, Planning and AdministrationPolicy, Planning and Administration• Design Assurance and Change ControlDesign Assurance and Change Control• Control of Purchased MaterialsControl of Purchased Materials• Production Quality ControlProduction Quality Control• User Contact and Field PerformanceUser Contact and Field Performance• Corrective ActionCorrective Action• Employees- Select, Train and MotivateEmployees- Select, Train and Motivate

Total Quality Total Quality ManagemenManagement in Insect t in Insect RearingRearing

Insect Pest Insect Pest Control (IPC)Control (IPC)

http://www-naweb.iaea.org/nafa/ipc/public/ipc-model-plan-sterile-insect-technique.html

Leppla’s Insect Rearing Leppla’s Insect Rearing Quality Control ReferencesQuality Control References

• Leppla, N. C. 2009. The basics of quality control Leppla, N. C. 2009. The basics of quality control for insect rearing. for insect rearing. InIn Principles and Principles and

Procedures for Rearing Quality Insects. Procedures for Rearing Quality Insects. Mississippi State University. Mississippi State University.

• Leppla, N. C. 2004, 2008. Rearing of Insects.Leppla, N. C. 2004, 2008. Rearing of Insects. Encyclopedia of Entomology. Encyclopedia of Entomology.

• Leppla, N. C. 2003. Leppla, N. C. 2003. Guidelines for quality Guidelines for quality control control of commercially produced natural of commercially produced natural enemies. enemies. InIn Quality Control and Production Quality Control and Production of Biological of Biological Control Agents, Theory and Control Agents, Theory and Testing Proc. Testing Proc.

• Leppla, N. C. 2002, 2009. Leppla, N. C. 2002, 2009. Rearing of Insects. Rearing of Insects. Encyclopedia of Insects. Encyclopedia of Insects.

For more information or a copy of For more information or a copy of this presentation please visit:this presentation please visit:

http://ipm.ifas.ufl.eduhttp://ipm.ifas.ufl.edu

Extension Resources, PresentationsExtension Resources, Presentations