the basic architectural services & project...

The Basic Architectural Services & Project Delivery

The ContractContractual Relationships

Project Delivery

5 Phases of ServiceThe Project Progression through Design to

Documentation to Bid to Construction

Additional Services

Who are the Players in a Construction Project?

Architect

Owner

Contractor

FinanceUsers

Consultants & Engineers Subcontractors &

Suppliers

Contractual Relationshipsn Architects have contracts with Owners

n To provide the service or design and documentation

n Architects have contracts with Engineers and Consultantsn Engineers/Consultants provide a detailed,

specialized service to the Architectn Civil Engineers, Mechanical/Electrical Engineers,

Structural Engineers, Interior Designers, Large equipment vendors.

Contractual Relationshipsn Owners have contracts with Contractors

n Contractor provides service of construction to owner

n Contractors have contracts with subcontractorsn Sub-c (or trades) provide service of construction

on a specific part of the projectn i.e., electrical, plumbing, mechanical, framing

Contractual RelationshipsCommon Misconception:

The Architect and Contractor have a contract.

Contractual Relationshipsn In this traditional model, the architect

and contractor have no legal obligationto each other, but have a common interest:

OWNER

Project Deliveryn It is the method of organization in which the

project will be delivered to the owner. n It determines who is contractually involved

within the project frameworkn And what responsibilities and roles they will playn Also determines the individual RISK that each

party takes on.

Project Deliveryn Project Delivery is determined by the

following:n Owner Sophistication

n One time builder vs. developern Size & Complexity of Projectn Schedule vs. Budget Drivenn Global Economy / Bidding Climate

Project Deliveryn Methods of Project Delivery

n Design-Bid-Buildn Design-Buildn Fast Track (can be DBB or DB method)

Project Deliveryn Design-Bid-Build (D-B-B)

n Most “Traditional” Methodn Linear Progression in construction

n Owner hires Architect/Engineer (A/E)n A/E prepares design and con. docs.n Paid a lump sum (hourly rate) or percentage of

construction costn Project is solicited for competitive bid

n Owner looks for lowest reasonable price orn Owner negotiates with pre-selected contractor

n Project is AWARDED

Project Deliveryn Design-Bid-Build (D-B-B)

n Construction cost determined after all bids are received & accepted

n May have multiple contractors bidsn Could be competitive costing

n Contractor is solely responsible for delivering the completed project

n Must comply with contract documents n GC may subcontract much of the work (TYPICAL)

n Owner has A/E administer the contractn or can have in-house people administer contract

Project Delivery

Design-Bid-Build is still the most popular method of delivery but not

the predominant method.

Project Deliveryn Design-Build (D/B)

n Firm hired will complete both design and construction

n Single point of contact for Owner through entire project (design to construction)

n Types of Design Build Relationshipsn Design/Build Firms with in-house design and construction

servicesn Joint venture Firms that contractually come together

Project Deliveryn Design-Build (D/B)

n Contractor and Architect team and form a single entity to provide a service to the owner

n A/E and Contractor have a contract in this modeln Typically Contractor has lead rolen Architect relinquishes control of project

n Works under the guise of the Contractorn Contractor controls costs & qualityn Architect is selected by Contractor

n Both entities can hire subcontractors to complete the work

Project Deliveryn Fast Track

n Administration of multiple construction contracts for the same project at the same time

n Project is performed in phases where design is overlapped by construction

n Construction phases are staggered n Portions of work are started as soon as design is

completedn Shortens construction timeline considerably

n Used when Schedule is most importantn Design and construction overlap, but contract is

performed by multiple general contractors

5 Phases of theBasic Architectural Services

1. Schematic Design2. Design Development3. Construction Documentation4. Bidding & Negotiation5. Construction Administration

Schematic Designn Evaluate the Siten Develop the Building Program

n Based on Owner’s needs and wantsn Develop a Construction Budget

n Based on what Owner can affordn Prepare Sketches

n Plans, elevations, sections, perspectives, study models

n Present initial design to Owner

Design Developmentn Scaled Drafted Drawings

n Plans, elevations, sectionsn Selection of Materials & Finishesn Review of Engineering Requirements

n Discussion and coordination with civil, structural, electrical, mechanical, plumbing engineers

n Review of Construction Budgetn Presentation to Owner for Changes or

Modifications

Construction Documentationn Final Detailed Working Drawings

n Plans, Elevations, Sectionsn Construction Detailsn Schedules (Door, Window, Finish)n Consulting Engineers’ Drawings

n Written Specificationsn Quality of material and installation

n Project Manualn Terms of contract between owner & contractor

Bidding & Negotiationn Qualify Eligible Contractors

n Pre-selected Biddersn Review Project with Contractorsn Answer Questions about Design

n From contractors, subcontractors, suppliers and/or manufacturers

n Issues Addendums to biddersn Changes to design before bid is entered

n Evaluates Bidsn Helps owner decide what contractor to go with

Construction Administrationn Answers Contractor Questions during

constructionn RFI’s (Request for Information)

n Reviews Contractor Request for Paymentn Reviews Change Orders

n Changes to constructionn Inspects Construction Progressn Project Closeout and Punch List

n “cleaning up” the loose ends

Additional Services

n Pre-Designn Facility Assessmentn Programmingn Marketing/Feasibility Studiesn Budgeting/Financing

n Site Analysisn Site Selectionn Site Development Planningn Utilities Studiesn Environmental Studiesn Zoning

n Post-Construction Servicesn Facilities Managementn Record Drawings (“As-Builts”)n Warranty Review

n Other Servicesn Renderingsn Modelsn Life Cycle Cost Analysisn Cost Estimatesn Energy Studiesn Tenant Servicesn Graphic Designn Interior Designn Expert Witness

Ø Services above and beyond “Basic Services”

Jason Winters, AIA2017 AIA Strategic Council Moderator

Architecture 101: Understanding Terminology, Acronyms, & the Language of Architeture

Workshop 3

We abbreviate words or phrases to save time, effort or space…An abbreviation(from Latin brevis, meaning short) is a shortened form of a word or phrase, used to represent a longer, often-used word or phrase.

MBE Member Board Executives (NCARB)MCE Mandatory Continuing EducationMOU Memorandum of UnderstandingNAAB National Architectural Accrediting BoardNAC National Associates CommitteeNAED National Academy of Environmental DesignNAHB National Association of Home BuildersNAS National Academy of ScienceNBM National Building MuseumNCARB National Council of Architectural Registration BoardsNEA National Endowment of the Arts/National Education AssociationNAC National Ethics CouncilNOMA National Organization of Minority ArchitectsNOMAS National Organization of Minority Architects StudentsNTHP National Trust for Historic PreservationPA Public Architects Committee Knowledge CommunityPAC Political Action Committee (e.g., ArchiPAC)PMKC Practice Management Knowledge CommunityQA Quality AssuranceQBS Qualifications Based SelectionRAD Regional Associate Director RAIA Royal Australian Institute of ArchitectsRAIC Royal Architectural Institute of CanadaREC Retail and Entertainment Knowledge CommunityRIBA Royal Institute of British ArchitectsRUDAT Regional Urban Design Assistance Team(s)RUDC Regional and Urban Design Committee Knowledge CommunitySAC Secretary’s Advisory CommitteeSDA Society for Design AdministrationSDAT Sustainable Design Assessment Team(s)SDLU Sustainable Design Learning UnitSFRT Small Firm Round TableSGN State Government NetworkSPP Small Project Practitioners Knowledge CommunityTAP Technology in Architectural Practice Knowledge CommunityUDI Urban Development InstituteUIA International Union of ArchitectsULI Urban Land InstituteUSDOE United States Department of EnergyUSGBC United States Green Building CouncilYAF Young Architects Forum

AAF American Architecture FoundationAAH Academy of Architecture for Health Knowledge CommunityAAJ Academy of Architecture for Justice Knowledge CommunityABC Associated Builders and ContractorsABI Architecture Billing IndexACADIA Association for Computer Aided Design in ArchitectureACD AIA Contract Documents ACE Architecture, Construction, Engineering Mentor ProgramACSA Association of Collegiate Schools of ArchitectureADA Americans with Disabilities ActA+DEN Architecture + Design Education NetworkAG Advisory Group (Knowledge Community)AGC Associated General Contractors of AmericaAGS Architectural Graphic StandardsAIA American Institute of ArchitectsAIAS American Institute of Architecture StudentsAIBD American Institute of Building DesignersAPA American Planning AssociationArchiPAC AIA’s Political Action CommitteeARE Architectural Licensing ExamASAE American Society of Association ExecutivesASCE American Society of Civil EngineersASID American Society of Interior DesignASLA American Society of Landscape ArchitectsASME American Society of Mechanical EngineersBArch Bachelor of Architecture Degree (NAAB, see also MArch)BAC Board Advocacy CommitteeBEC Building Enclosure CouncilBoKnoCo Board Knowledge CommitteeBOMA Building Owners and Managers AssociationCxD Communities by DesignCACE Council of Architectural Component ExecutivesCAE Committee on Architecture for EducationCAFM/PM Committee of Corporate Architects and Facility ManagementCCA Construction Contract Administration Knowledge CommunityCES Continuing Education SystemCEU Continuing Education UnitCGI Clinton Global InitiativeCLE Committee on Leadership EducationCOD Committee on DesignCOF College of FellowsCOFPAES Council on the Federal Procurement of A/E ServicesCOTE Committee on the Environment

CRAN Custom Residential Architects NetworkCRS Comprehensive Response System (AIA Disaster Assistance Program)D+P Design + PracticeD&O Directors and Officers (Insurance)D. Arch. Doctor of Architecture Degree (NAAB)DAT Design Assistance/Assessment TeamDB Design BuildDBIA Design-Build Institute of AmericaDFA Design for AgingDod AIA Contract Documents on Demand DOE Department of EnergyDOJ Department of JusticeDOT Department of TransportationDV DesignVoteED U.S. Department of EducationEPA Environmental Protection AgencyEPC Emerging Professional CompanionEPN Educator Practitioner NetworkFACHA Fellow, American College of Healthcare ArchitectsFAIA Fellow, American Institute of ArchitectsFEMA Federal Emergency Management AgencyFSD Full Service Distributor (of AIA contracts)GBI Green Building InstituteGSA General Services AdministrationHCR Housing & Custom Residential Knowledge CommunityHSW Health Safety WelfareHUD US Department of Housing and Urban DevelopmentIA Interior Architecture Committee Knowledge CommunityICC International Code CouncilIDP Intern Development ProgramIFRAA Interfaith Forum on Religion, Art and ArchitectureIGCC International Green Construction CodeIIDA International Interior Design AssociationIPD Integrated Project DeliveryIRT Institute Resource TrainingKC Knowledge CommunitiesKLA Knowledge Leadership AssemblyKNet Knowledge NetLEED Leadership in Energy and Environmental DesignLEED AP Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design Accredited ProfessionalLFRT Large Firm Round TableLU Learning Units (Continuing Education Hour)MArch Master of Architecture Degree (NAAB, see also BArch)

Board of Directors

Strategic Council

AIA Staff Components

CACEKnowledge

CommunitiesMembers

College ofFellows

Emerging Professionals

Board Committees

Membership Groups

AIA Trust

Emeritus

AIASLiaison

ArchiPAC

Academy of Architecture for Health Advisory GroupAcademy of Architecture for Justice Leadership GroupACE Mentor Board LiaisonAIA TrustAIA/ACSA Topaz Medallion for Excellence in Architectural Education JuryAIA/AGC Joint CommitteeAIAS LiaisonArchiPAC Steering CommitteeBenefits TrusteesBoard Advocacy CommitteeBoard Community CommitteeBoard Knowledge CommitteeCodes & Standards CommitteeCommittee on Architecture for Education Leadership GroupCommittee on Design Advisory GroupCommittee on the Environment Advisory GroupConstruction Contract Administration Leadership GroupContinuing Education CommitteeCorporate Architects and Facility Management Advisory GroupCouncil of Architectural Component ExecutivesCustom Residential Architects Network Advisory GroupDesign for Aging Advisory GroupDisaster Assistance CommitteeDiversity Council

Documents CommitteeFederal Architecture Task GroupHistoric Resources Committee Advisory GroupHousing Knowledge Community Advisory GroupInterfaith Forum on Religion, Art & Architecture Leadership GroupInterior Architecture Knowledge Community Leadership GroupInternational Practice Committee Advisory GroupMASTERSPEC Architectural Review CommitteeMASTERSPEC Electrical Engineering SubcommitteeMASTERSPEC Mechanical Engineering SubcommitteeNational Ethics CouncilPractice & ProsperityPractice Management Knowledge Community Leadership GroupProject Delivery Knowledge Community Leadership GroupPublic Architects Committee Advisory GroupRegional and Urban Design Committee Leadership GroupResolutions CommitteeRetail and Entertainment Knowledge Community Leadership GroupSecretary's Advisory CommitteeSmall Project Practitioners Advisory GroupTechnical Design for Building Performance Advisory GroupTechnology in Architectural Practice Leadership GroupThomas Jefferson Foundation Medal in Architecture Jury

AIA Knowledge CommunitiesAcademy of Architecture for HealthAAH

Academy of Architecture for JusticeAAJ

Committee on Architecture for EducationCAE

Committee on DesignCOD

Committee on the EnvironmentCOTE

Construction Contract AdministrationCCA

Corporate Architects and Facility ManagementCAFM

Custom Residential Architects NetworkCRAN

Design for Aging Knowledge CommunityDFA

Historic Resources CommitteeHRC

Housing Knowledge Community

Interfaith Forum on Religion, Art, and ArchitectureIFRAA

Interior Architecture Knowledge Community

International Program

Practice Management Knowledge Community

Project Delivery Knowledge CommunityPD

Public Architects Committee

Regional and Urban DesignRUDC

Retail and Entertainment Knowledge CommunityREC

Small Project PractitionersSPP

Technology in Architectural PracticeTAP

Technical Design Building PerformanceTDBP

MBE Member Board Executives (NCARB)MOU Memorandum of UnderstandingNAAB National Architectural Accrediting BoardNAED National Academy of Environmental DesignNAHB National Association of Home BuildersNAS National Academy of ScienceNBM National Building MuseumNCARB National Council of Architectural Registration BoardsNEA National Endowment of the Arts/National Education AssociationNAC National Ethics CouncilNTHP National Trust for Historic PreservationPA Public Architects Committee Knowledge CommunityPAC Political Action Committee (e.g., ArchiPAC)QA Quality AssuranceQBS Qualifications Based SelectionRAIA Royal Australian Institute of ArchitectsRAIC Royal Architectural Institute of CanadaRIBA Royal Institute of British ArchitectsSDA Society for Design AdministrationSDAT Sustainable Design Assessment Team(s)UDI Urban Development InstituteUIA International Union of ArchitectsULI Urban Land InstituteUSDOE United States Department of EnergyUSGBC United States Green Building Council

AAF American Architecture FoundationABC Associated Builders and ContractorsABI Architecture Billing IndexACADIA Association for Computer Aided Design in ArchitectureACE Architecture, Construction, Engineering Mentor ProgramACSA Association of Collegiate Schools of ArchitectureADA Americans with Disabilities ActA+DEN Architecture + Design Education NetworkAGC Associated General Contractors of AmericaAGS Architectural Graphic StandardsAIBD American Institute of Building DesignersAPA American Planning AssociationARE Architectural Licensing ExamASAE American Society of Association ExecutivesASCE American Society of Civil EngineersASID American Society of Interior DesignASLA American Society of Landscape ArchitectsASME American Society of Mechanical EngineersBArch Bachelor of Architecture Degree (NAAB, see also MArch)BOMA Building Owners and Managers AssociationCGI Clinton Global Initiative

D&O Directors and Officers (Insurance)D. Arch. Doctor of Architecture Degree (NAAB)DBIA Design-Build Institute of AmericaDOE Department of EnergyDOJ Department of JusticeDOT Department of TransportationDV DesignVoteED U.S. Department of EducationEPA Environmental Protection AgencyFEMA Federal Emergency Management AgencyGBI Green Building InstituteGSA General Services AdministrationHUD US Department of Housing and Urban DevelopmentICC International Code CouncilIDP Intern Development ProgramIGCC International Green Construction CodeIIDA International Interior Design AssociationIPD Integrated Project DeliveryLEED Leadership in Energy and Environmental DesignLEED AP Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design Accredited ProfessionalMArch Master of Architecture Degree (NAAB, see also BArch)