The AtmosphereThe Atmosphere

The AtmosphereThe Atmosphere

The Air Around YouThe Air Around You Air QualityAir Quality Air PressureAir Pressure Layers of the AtmosphereLayers of the Atmosphere

The Air Around You - VocabularyThe Air Around You - Vocabulary

Weather – The condition of Earth’s Weather – The condition of Earth’s atmosphere at a particular time and place.atmosphere at a particular time and place.

Atmosphere – The layer of gases that Atmosphere – The layer of gases that surrounds Earth.surrounds Earth.

Ozone – A form of oxygen that has three Ozone – A form of oxygen that has three oxygen atoms in each molecule instead of oxygen atoms in each molecule instead of the usual two.the usual two.

Water vapor – Water in the form of a gas.Water vapor – Water in the form of a gas.

The Air Around You – Main IdeasThe Air Around You – Main Ideas

Earth’s atmosphere makes conditions on Earth’s atmosphere makes conditions on Earth suitable for living things.Earth suitable for living things.

Earth’s atmosphere is made up of nitrogen, Earth’s atmosphere is made up of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapor, and oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapor, and many other gases, as well as particles of many other gases, as well as particles of liquids and solids.liquids and solids.

The Air Around You – Guiding The Air Around You – Guiding QuestionsQuestions

Describe two ways in which the atmosphere Describe two ways in which the atmosphere is important to life on Earth.is important to life on Earth.

What are the four most common gases in What are the four most common gases in dry air?dry air?

Why are the amounts of gases in the Why are the amounts of gases in the atmosphere usually shown as percentages atmosphere usually shown as percentages of dry air?of dry air?

Air Quality - VocabularyAir Quality - Vocabulary

Pollutants – Harmful substances in the air, Pollutants – Harmful substances in the air, water, or soil.water, or soil.

Photochemical smog – A brownish haze that Photochemical smog – A brownish haze that is a mixture of ozone and other chemicals, is a mixture of ozone and other chemicals, formed when nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, formed when nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, and other pollutants react with each other in and other pollutants react with each other in the presence of sunlight.the presence of sunlight.

Acid rain – Rain that contains more acid Acid rain – Rain that contains more acid than normal.than normal.

Air Quality – Main IdeasAir Quality – Main Ideas

Most air pollution is the result of burning fossil Most air pollution is the result of burning fossil fuels such as coal, oil, gasoline, and diesel fuel.fuels such as coal, oil, gasoline, and diesel fuel.

Nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, and other air Nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, and other air pollutants react with one another in the presence pollutants react with one another in the presence of sunlight to form a mix of ozone and other of sunlight to form a mix of ozone and other chemicals called photochemical smogchemicals called photochemical smog

Acid rain forms when nitrogen oxides and sulfur Acid rain forms when nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides combine with water in the air to form nitric oxides combine with water in the air to form nitric acid.acid.

Air Quality – Guiding QuestionsAir Quality – Guiding Questions

How is most air pollution produced?How is most air pollution produced? Name two natural and two artificial sources Name two natural and two artificial sources

of particles in the atmosphere.of particles in the atmosphere. How is photochemical smog formed? What How is photochemical smog formed? What

kinds of harm does it cause?kinds of harm does it cause? What substances combine to form acid rain?What substances combine to form acid rain?

Air Pressure - VocabularyAir Pressure - Vocabulary

Density – The amount of mass of a Density – The amount of mass of a substance to a given volume.substance to a given volume.

Pressure – The force pushing on an area or Pressure – The force pushing on an area or surface.surface.

Air pressure – A force that is the result of Air pressure – A force that is the result of the weight of a column of air pushing down the weight of a column of air pushing down on an area.on an area.

Barometer – An instrument used to measure Barometer – An instrument used to measure changes in air pressure.changes in air pressure.

Air Pressure - VocabularyAir Pressure - Vocabulary

Mercury barometer – An instrument that measures Mercury barometer – An instrument that measures changes in air pressure, consisting of a glass tube changes in air pressure, consisting of a glass tube partially filled with mercury, with its open end partially filled with mercury, with its open end resting in a dish of mercury. Air pressure pushing resting in a dish of mercury. Air pressure pushing on the mercury in the dish forces the mercury in on the mercury in the dish forces the mercury in the tube higher.the tube higher.

Aneroid barometer – An instrument that measures Aneroid barometer – An instrument that measures changes in air pressure without using a liquid. changes in air pressure without using a liquid. Changes in the shape of an airtight metal box Changes in the shape of an airtight metal box cause a needle on the barometer dial to move. cause a needle on the barometer dial to move.

Altitude - Elevation above sea level.Altitude - Elevation above sea level.

Air PressureAir Pressure

Properties of air include mass, density, and Properties of air include mass, density, and air pressure.air pressure.

Air pressure is the result of the weight of a Air pressure is the result of the weight of a column of air pushing down on an area.column of air pushing down on an area.

Air pressure is measured with mercury Air pressure is measured with mercury barometers and aneroid barometers.barometers and aneroid barometers.

Air pressure decreases as altitude Air pressure decreases as altitude increases. As air pressure decreases, so increases. As air pressure decreases, so does density.does density.

Air Pressure – Guiding QuestionsAir Pressure – Guiding Questions

How does increasing the density of a gas How does increasing the density of a gas affect its pressure?affect its pressure?

Describe how a mercury barometer Describe how a mercury barometer measures air pressure.measures air pressure.

Why is the air at the top of a mountain hard Why is the air at the top of a mountain hard to breathe?to breathe?

Layers of the Atmosphere - Layers of the Atmosphere - VocabularyVocabulary

Troposphere – The lowest layer of Earth’s Troposphere – The lowest layer of Earth’s atmosphere, where weather occurs.atmosphere, where weather occurs.

Stratosphere – The second-lowest layer of Earth’s Stratosphere – The second-lowest layer of Earth’s atmosphere; the ozone layer is located in the atmosphere; the ozone layer is located in the upper stratosphere.upper stratosphere.

Mesosphere – The middle layer of Earth’s Mesosphere – The middle layer of Earth’s atmosphere; the layer in which most meteoroids atmosphere; the layer in which most meteoroids burn up.burn up.

Thermosphere – The outermost layer of Earth’s Thermosphere – The outermost layer of Earth’s atmosphere.atmosphere.

Layers of the Atmosphere - Layers of the Atmosphere - VocabularyVocabulary

Ionosphere – The lower part of the thermosphere, Ionosphere – The lower part of the thermosphere, where electrically charged particles called ions are where electrically charged particles called ions are found.found.

Aurora borealis – A colorful, glowing display in the Aurora borealis – A colorful, glowing display in the sky caused when particles from the sun strike sky caused when particles from the sun strike oxygen and nitrogen atoms in the ionosphere; also oxygen and nitrogen atoms in the ionosphere; also called the Northern Lights.called the Northern Lights.

Exosphere – The outer layer of the thermosphere, Exosphere – The outer layer of the thermosphere, extending outward into space.extending outward into space.

Layers of the AtmosphereLayers of the Atmosphere

The thermosphere is The thermosphere is composed of the composed of the ionosphere (80-550 ionosphere (80-550 km) and the exosphere km) and the exosphere (above 550 km)(above 550 km)

Mesosphere (50-80 Mesosphere (50-80 km)km)

Stratosphere (12-50 Stratosphere (12-50 km)km)

Troposphere (0-12 km)Troposphere (0-12 km)

Layers of the Atmosphere – Main Layers of the Atmosphere – Main IdeasIdeas

The four mail layers of the atmosphere are The four mail layers of the atmosphere are classified according to changes in classified according to changes in temperature. These layers are the temperature. These layers are the troposphere, the stratosphere, the troposphere, the stratosphere, the mesosphere, and the thermosphere.mesosphere, and the thermosphere.

Rain, snow, storms, and most clouds occur Rain, snow, storms, and most clouds occur in the troposphere.in the troposphere.

Ozone in the stratosphere absorbs energy Ozone in the stratosphere absorbs energy from the sun.from the sun.

Layers of the Atmosphere – Main Layers of the Atmosphere – Main IdeasIdeas

Most meteoroids burn up in the Most meteoroids burn up in the mesosphere, producing meteor trails.mesosphere, producing meteor trails.

The aurora borealis occurs in the The aurora borealis occurs in the ionosphere.ionosphere.

Communications satellites orbit Earth in the Communications satellites orbit Earth in the exosphere.exosphere.

Layers of the Atmosphere – Guiding Layers of the Atmosphere – Guiding QuestionsQuestions

Describe one characteristic of each of the Describe one characteristic of each of the four main layers of the atmosphere.four main layers of the atmosphere.

What is a shooting start? In which layer of What is a shooting start? In which layer of the atmosphere would you see it?the atmosphere would you see it?

What is the aurora borealis? In which layer What is the aurora borealis? In which layer of the atmosphere does it occur?of the atmosphere does it occur?