the applicability of logotherapy as an organisation

8/20/2019 The Applicability of Logotherapy as an Organisation

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1

THE APPLICABILITY OF LOGOTHERAPY AS AN ORGANISATION

DEVELOPMENT INTERVENTION

by

DANIEL HENDRIK BURGER

THESIS

Submitted in te !u"!i""ment #! te $e%ui$ement& #! te de'$ee

DOCTOR LITTERARUM ET PHILOSOPHIAE

in

INDUSTRIAL PSYCHOLOGY

in te

FACULTY OF HUMANITIES

(t te

UNIVERSITY OF )OHANNESBURG

Su*e$+i&#$, P$#!e&&#$ F$eddie C$#u&C#-&u*e$+i&#$, P$#!e&&#$ Ge$t R##dt

O.t#be$ /001

STATEMENT

I .e$ti!y t(t te di&&e$t(ti#n &ubmitted by me !#$ te de'$ee D#.t#$Litte$($um et

Pi"#&#*i(e 2Indu&t$i(" P&y.#"#'y3 (t te Uni+e$&ity #! )#(nne&bu$'4

i& my inde*endent

5#$6 (nd (& n#t been &ubmitted by me !#$ ( de'$ee (t (n#te$ !(.u"ty #$uni+e$&ity7

DANIEL HENDRIK BURGEROCTOBER /001

ii



2

ACKNO8LEDGEMENTS

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O.t#be$ /001+

ABSTRACT



5

THE APPLICABILITY OF LOGOTHERAPY AS AN ORGANISATION

DEVELOPMENT INTERVENTION

By

D(nie" Hend$i6 Bu$'e$

SUPERVISOR, P$#!e&&#$ F$eddie C$#u&

CO-SUPERVISOR, P$#!e&&#$ Ge$t R##dtDEPARTMENT, De*($tment #! Hum(n Re&#u$.e M(n('ement

F(.u"ty #! Hum(nitie&Uni+e$&ity #! )#(nne&bu$'

DEGREE, D7 Litt7 et Pi"7DATE, N#+embe$ /001

B(.6'$#und

8e$e(& te &u..e&& #! #$'(ni&(ti#n(" .(n'e initi(ti+e& i& "($'e"y

de*endent #n te &u**#$t #! em*"#yee&4 te t$e(t t(t &u. .(n'e&

$e*$e&ent t# te me(nin' indi+idu("& e9*e$ien.e in te 5#$6 .#nte9t #!ten

$e&u"t& in $e&i&t(n.e t# .(n'e7 Te e!!e.ti+ene&& 5it 5i. .(n'e&($e im*"emented m(y tu& be en(n.ed t$#u' (n inte$+enti#n (imed (t

(dd$e&&in' te indi+idu("&=@& e9*e$ien.e #! me(nin' (mid&t &u.#$'(ni&(ti#n(" initi(ti+e&7 Te *#int #! de*($tu$e #! ti& &tudy i& t(t

L#'#-OD4 #$ te (**"i.(ti#n #! "#'#te$(*y (& (n #$'(ni(ti#n de+e"#*ment

2OD3 inte$+enti#n4 m(y .#n&titute &u. (n (**$#(.7

Lite$(tu$e &u$+ey

Te *$im($y #be.ti+e #! te "ite$(tu$e $e+ie5 5(& t# *$#+ide $e&e($.

e+iden.e !#$ te (**"i.(bi"ity #! "#'#te$(*y (& (n OD inte$+enti#n7 Te

!#u$ &e.#nd($y #be.ti+e& en.(*&u"(ted di&.u&&i#n& #! #$'(ni(ti#n("

.(n'e4 OD (nd "#'#te$(*y4 (& 5e"" (& te +i

inte'$(ti#n #! te .#n."u&i#n& m(de $e"(tin' t# te&e !ie"d&4 in

dem#n&t$(tin' te *#tenti(" $#"e t(t L#'#-OD m(y *"(y in !(.i"it(tin'

#$'(ni&(ti#n(" .(n'e7

8e$e(& (.ie+in' ( .#m*etiti+e (d+(nt('e be.#me& in.$e(&in'"y de*endent#n te (bi"ity #! #$'(ni&(ti#n& t# (d(*t t# te .(t("y&t& #! .(n'e in

tei$ inte$n(" (nd e9te$n(" en+i$#nment&4 #$'(ni&(ti#n(" .(n'e

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me(nin' em*"#yee& !ind in te #$'(ni&(ti#n(" .#nte9t7 C#n&e%uent"y4 tee!!e.ti+e !(.i"it(ti#n #! .(n'e m(y tu& be de*endent #n te e9tent t#

5i. #$'(ni&(ti#n& .(n (dd$e&& te me(nin' indi+idu("& e9*e$ien.e (mid&t&u. .(n'e&7

8e$e(& te !ie"d #! OD en.(*&u"(te& ( numbe$ #! e&t(b"i&edinte$+enti#n&4 e(. 5it it& #5n uni%ue !#.i (nd *#tenti(" +("ue-(dd t#

te .(n'e *$#.e&&4 n#ne #! te&e 5e$e !#und t# &u!!i.ient"y (dd$e&& teim*"i.(ti#n& #! #$'(ni&(ti#n(" .(n'e !#$ te indi+idu(" em*"#yee<=@&

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'(* in te OD "ite$(tu$e (nd *$(.ti.e tu& &i'ni!ie& te need !#$ ( n#+e"

OD inte$+enti#n t(t !#.u&e& #n ti& uni%ue"y um(n e9*e$ien.e7



6

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*$#*#&e& t(t ti& "#'#te$(*y- b(&ed OD inte$+enti#n <=> den#ted (&L#'#-OD <=> m(y *"(y ( &i'ni!i.(nt $#"e in !(.i"it(tin' #$'(ni&(ti#n("

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be(+i#u$4 #5e+e$4 5i"" de*end #n te L#'#-OD inte$+enti#n bein'&u**#$ted by initi(ti+e& t# .$e(te ( *#&iti+e

+ii

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e!!e.ti+ene&& #! L#'#-OD in !(.i"it(tin' #$'(ni&(ti#n(" .(n'e7

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in $edu.ed $e&i&t(n.e t# .(n'e #n te *($t #! em*"#yee&7

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Tey 5e$e bet5een 0 (nd 0 ye($& #"d4 (nd (t ( m(n('ement "e+e" in te

#$'(ni&(ti#n7

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$e(dine&& !#$ .(n'e $e&i&t(n.e t#.(n'e Vi6t#$ F$(n6"7

9

TABLE OF CONTENTS

P('e

St(tement777<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<

=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q7 iiA.6n#5"ed'ement&

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Qiii

Ab&t$(.t

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<

=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q77 +i



9

T(b"e #! .#ntent&

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q777777 9i

Li&t #! !i'u$e&

<=Q777<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<

=Q<=Q77 9i9Li&t #! t(b"e&

<=Q<=Q7<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q77 99

Li&t #! (nne9u$e&<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q7

7 99i+

Li&t #! Re!e$en.e&

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q77 0

CHAPTER , INTRODUCTION

77 Int$#du.ti#n #! te *$#b"em

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q

7/7 Settin'<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<

=Q<=Q

77 R(ti#n("e !#$ te &tudy<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q7<=Q<=Q 1

777 Te $e"(ti#n&i* bet5een #$'(ni&(ti#n(" .(n'e (nd me(nin' in "i!e1

77/7 L#'#te$(*y (nd Le5in<=@& .(n'e m#de"<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q

77 Re"e+(n.e #! te &tudy t# te S#ut A!$i.(n .#nte9t

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q

77 P$#b"em<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<

=Q7 J7J7 Obe.ti+e& #! te &tudy

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q7<=Q J

7J77 Lite$(tu$e #be.ti+e&

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q 17J7/7 Em*i$i.(" #be.ti+e&

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q 717 Cu$$ent "e+e"& #! 6n#5"ed'e

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q /077 P$#*#&ed +("ue-(dd #! te &tudy

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q7 //

77 C(*te$ "(y#ut

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q77 /707 C#n."u&i#n

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q77/J

CHAPTER /, ORGANISATIONAL CHANGE

/77 Int$#du.ti#n

77<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q/1



10

/7/7 C#n.e*tu("i&in' <=#$'(ni&(ti#n(" .(n'e<=

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/77 C(t("y&t& !#$ #$'(ni&(ti#n(" .(n'e7777<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q777<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q

/777 C(t("y&t& !#$ .(n'e in te #$'(ni&(ti#n<=@& e9te$n(" en+i$#nment

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/77/7 C(t("y&t& !#$ .(n'e in te #$'(ni&(ti#n<=@& inte$n(" en+i$#nment<=Q77 1

/77 O$'(ni&(ti#n(" $e&*#n&e& t# .(t("y&t& #! .(n'e<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q777

/777 D#5n&iin'<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q77 /

/77/7 Re&t$u.tu$in'

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q777 J

/777 Bu&ine&& *$#.e&& $e-en'inee$in'<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q7 J

/777 Me$'e$& (nd (.%ui&iti#n&<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q7

/77 Te um(n .#n&e%uen.e& #! #$'(ni&(ti#n(" .(n'e

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/7777 Te .(u&e& #! &t$e&&<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q7 /

/777/7 M#de$(tin' +($i(b"e&<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q777

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/7J7/7 O$'(ni&(ti#n(" .(u&e& #! $e&i&t(n.e t# .(n'e<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q

/717 Re(dine&& !#$ .(n'e<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q777 J



11

/77 C#n."u&i#n

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q7<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q/

CHAPTER , ORGANISATION DEVELOPMENT 2OD3

77 Int$#du.ti#n

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q77

7/7 Hi&t#$i.(" !#und(ti#n& #! OD<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q77<=Q<=Q<=Q

77 C#n.e*tu("i&in' OD<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q7 0

77 S.#*e (nd !#.u& #! OD<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q7<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q 0

9ii

77 OD inte$+enti#n&

7<=Q7<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q 777 Sen&iti+ity t$(inin'

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q77 //77/7 Ge&t("t OD

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q777 /

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<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q /17J7 C#n."u&i#n

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q7/

CHAPTER , VIKTOR E7 FRANKL AND LOGOTHERAPY

77 Int$#du.ti#n


7/7 F$(n6", Bi#'$(*i.(" n#te&<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q77 /

77 C#n.e*tu("i&in' "#'#te$(*y<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q777

77 L#'#te$(*y, *$in.i*"e& (nd !#und(ti#n&

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q77 J777 Te !i$&t t$i(d

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q777 1

7777 F$eed#m #! 5i""<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q 1

777/7 Te 5i"" t# me(nin'<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q77

7777Te me(nin' #! "i!e

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q777



12

77/7 Te &e.#nd t$i(d

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q77 777 Te ti$d t$i(d <=> te t$('i. t$i(d

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q77

777 E9i&tenti(" !$u&t$(ti#n4 te e9i&tenti(" +(.uum (nd n#:'eni.

neu$#&i& 177 A**"ied "#'#te$(*y (nd "#'#te$(*euti. te.ni%ue&

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q777 /7J7 C#n."u&i#n

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q7

CHAPTER , LOGOTHERAPY AS AN ORGANISATION DEVELOPMENTINTERVENTION

77 Int$#du.ti#n


7/7 Te im*#$t(n.e #! me(nin' in (nd !#$ te .#ntem*#$($y #$'(ni&(ti#n

J0

7/77 Te #$'(ni&(ti#n (nd 5#$6 (& ( &#u$.e #! me(nin' in "i!e<=Q<=Q<=Q77 J0

7/777 I""u&t$(ti#n& #! te .ent$("ity #! #$'(ni&(ti#n& in me(nin' in

"i!e J/7/77/7 Te <=?&*i$itu("ity (t 5#$6<=@ m#+ement

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q J7/777 O$'(ni&(ti#n(" im*"i.(ti#n& #! me(nin' in 5#$6

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q7 J19iii

7/7/7 Unde$&t(ndin' #5 me(nin' i& !#und in te #$'(ni&(ti#n<=Q<=Q<=Q77 1

7/7/77 Se"!-en(n.ement

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q7 1

7/7/7/7 O*enne&& t# .(n'e<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q77 1J

7/7/77 Se"!-t$(n&.enden.e<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q777

7/7/77 C#n&e$+(ti#n<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q7

7/77 Me(nin' (nd .#mmitment

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q77 J

7/777 )#b in+#"+ement (nd #..u*(ti#n(" .#mmitment<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q777

7/77/7O$'(ni&(ti#n(" .#mmitment (nd #b &(ti&!(.ti#n<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q77 0

7/77 Me(nin'"e&&ne&& in 5#$6, A"ien(ti#n

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q

77 Te e9i&tenti(" +(.uum (& ( .#n&e%uen.e #! #$'(ni&(ti#n(".(n'e 7<=Q /0

777 Te dete$i#$(ti#n #! t$(diti#n(" +("ue& in .(n'in' #$'(ni&(ti#n&<=Q /0



13

77/7 Te in.$e(&in' di+e$&ity #! +("ue #$ient(ti#n& in .(n'in'

#$'(ni&(ti#n&<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q

/0777 Te t$('i. t$i(d in .(n'in' #$'(ni&(ti#n&

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q77 /0J77 C#n.e*tu(" &imi"($itie& bet5een "#'#te$(*y (nd OD

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q7 /0

77 O*e$(ti#n(" &imi"($itie& bet5een "#'#te$(*y (nd OD

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q /0777 L#'#te$(*y (nd &en&iti+ity t$(inin'

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q777<=Q<=Q /077/7 L#'#te$(*y (nd 'e&t("t OD

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q777 /777 L#'#te$(*y (nd *$#.e&& .#n&u"t(ti#n

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q /

777 L#'#te$(*y (nd (**$e.i(ti+e in%ui$y

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q7 //7J7 L#'#-OD (& ( *#&iti+e t$i''e$ e+ent !#$ #$'(ni&(ti#n(" .(n'e

<=Q<=Q77 /717 C#n."u&i#n


/1

CHAPTER J, RESEARCH DESIGN

J77 Int$#du.ti#n


/

J7/7 Re&e($. (**$#(.<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q777 /

J77 Hy*#te&e&

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q//

J777 Hy*#te&i&

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q //J77/7 Hy*#te&i& /

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q ///J777 Hy*#te&i&

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q ///J77 S(m*"in'

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<

=Q //

9i+

J77 Me(&u$in' in&t$ument&

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dimen&i#n, Te C(n'e Re(dine&& In+ent#$y 2CRI3 <=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q777



14

//1

J7777 St(nd($di&(ti#n<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q7 //

J777/7 C#n&t$u.t +("idity

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q7 //

J7777 F(.e +("idity<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q7 /0

J7777 C#ntent +("idity<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q /0

J7777 Re"i(bi"ity<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q7 /

J77/7 O*e$(ti#n("i&in' F$(n6"<=@& .#n.e*tu("i&(ti#n #! me(nin', Te

Pe$&#n(" Me(nin' P$#!i"e

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q

/

J77/77 St(nd($di&(ti#n

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q7 //

J77/7/7 C#n&t$u.t +("idity<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q7 /

J77/77 F(.e +("idity<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q7 /

J77/77 P$edi.ti+e +("idity

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q /

J77/77 Re"i(bi"ity<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q7 /1

J7J7 P$#.e&& (nd !"#5 #! &tudy<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q7 /1

J717 Te L#'#-OD inte$+enti#n<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q77 /

J77 St(ti&ti.(" (n("y&i&

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q /

J77 Eti.(" i&&ue&<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q //

J777 Eti.(" i&&ue& $e"(tin' t# .#ntent<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q7 /

J77/7 Eti.(" i&&ue& $e"(tin' t# *$#.e&&<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q7 /1

J707 C#n."u&i#n


/J

CHAPTER 1, RESULTS

177 Int$#du.ti#n<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q77

/J/

17/7 De&.$i*ti+e &t(ti&ti.&<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q7 /J/

17/77 P$e-te&t &(m*"e

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q /J/17/7/7 P#&t-te&t &(m*"e

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q777 /JJ177 F(.t#$ (nd $e"i(bi"ity (n("y&i&

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q7 /J



15

1777 An("y&i& #! te CRI

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q7 /J177/7 An("y&i& #! te PMP

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q /1/

9+

177 Te $e"(ti#n&i* bet5een te CRI (nd te PMP<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q777 /1J

1777 C(n#ni.(" .#$$e"(ti#n<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q77 /1J

177/7 Te im*(.t #! CRI '$#u* membe$&i* #n PMP &.#$e&777<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q /11

1777 Te im*(.t #! PMP '$#u* membe$&i* #n CRI &.#$e&

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q777 /0

177 Te&tin' y*#te&e&, In!e$enti(" &t(ti&ti.&<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q777 /

1777 Hy*#te&i& <=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q /

17777 T-te&t& !#$ $e"(ted &(m*"e& in te$m& #! / CRI

dimen&i#n& 777777 /

1777/7 E!!e.t &ie (nd *#5e$ (n("y&e&<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q7 /

177/7 Hy*#te&i& /<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q777 /

177/77 T-te&t& !#$ inde*endent &(m*"e& #n CRI e9*e$iment(" (nd.#nt$#" '$#u*&

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q

/177/7/7 Te M(nn-8itney te&t<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q /

177/77 E!!e.t &ie (nd *#5e$ (n("y&e&

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q7 /

1777 Hy*#te&i& <=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q777 /1

17J7 C#n."u&i#n<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q7

/

CHAPTER , DISCUSSION AND INTERPRETATION


0

7/7 Re+ie5 #! te &tudy

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q77 07/77 Te "ite$(tu$e &u$+ey

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q 07/7/7 Te em*i$i.(" &tudy

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q7 0



16

77 Re&u"t& #! te "ite$(tu$e &u$+ey

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q777 0777 O$'(ni&(ti#n(" .(n'e

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q 0

7777De!initi#n #! #$'(ni&(ti#n(" .(n'e

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q77 0777/7 C(t("y&t& #! #$'(ni&(ti#n(" .(n'e

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q777 07777 O$'(ni&(ti#n(" .(n'e initi(ti+e&

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q7 07777 Te *#tenti(" im*(.t #! #$'(ni&(ti#n(" .(n'e #n em*"#yee& 777

0

7777 Re&i&t(n.e t# .(n'e

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q 0J777J7 Re(dine&& !#$ .(n'e

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q 0177/7 OD


77 01

77/77 Hi&t#$i.(" !#und(ti#n& #! OD

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q777 09+i

77/7/7 C#n.e*tu("i&in' OD

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q7<=Q 077/77 S.#*e (nd !#.u& #! OD

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q7 077/77 E&t(b"i&ed OD inte$+enti#n& t(t $e"(te t# L#'#-OD

<=Q<=Q<=Q7 0

777 L#'#te$(*y<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q 07777 Hi&t#$i.(" !#und(ti#n& #! "#'#te$(*y

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q77 0777/7 C#n.e*tu("i&in' "#'#te$(*y

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q 0

7777 P$in.i*"e& (nd !#und(ti#n& unde$"yin' "#'#te$(*y

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q7 07777 C#n+enti#n(" (**"i.(ti#n& #! "#'#te$(*y

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q 777 L#'#-OD, Te (**"i.(bi"ity #! "#'#te$(*y (& (n OD inte$+enti#n

/7777 Te im*#$t(n.e #! me(nin' in (nd !#$ te .#ntem*#$($y

#$'(ni&(ti#n

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q777

/777/7 Te e9i&tenti(" +(.uum (& ( .#n&e%uen.e #! #$'(ni&(ti#n("

.(n'e

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q

J



17

7777 C#n.e*tu(" &imi"($itie& bet5een "#'#te$(*y (nd OD

<=Q<=Q<=Q7 J7777 O*e$(ti#n(" &imi"($itie& bet5een "#'#te$(*y (nd OD

<=Q<=Q<=Q J

7777 L#'#-OD (& ( *#&iti+e t$i''e$ e+ent !#$ #$'(ni&(ti#n(" .(n'e

177 Em*i$i.(" !indin'&

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q 777 De&.$i*ti+e &t(ti&ti.&

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q 77/7 F(.t#$ (nd $e"i(bi"ity (n("y&e&

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q7 //

77/77 F(.t#$ (nd $e"i(bi"ity (n("y&e& #! te CRI

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q //77/7/7 F(.t#$ (nd $e"i(bi"ity (n("y&e& #! te PMP

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q777 /777 Te $e"(ti#n&i* bet5een te CRI (nd te PMP

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q7 /

777 In!e$enti(" &t(ti&ti.&, Te&tin' #! te t$ee y*#te&e&

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q7 /

7777 Hy*#te&i& <=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q7 /777/7 Hy*#te&i& /

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q7 /J7777 Hy*#te&i&

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q7 /J

777 Im*"i.(ti#n& #! te !indin'&, L#'#-OD (& ( *#&iti+e t$i''e$ e+ent

!#$#$'(ni&(ti#n(" .(n'e

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q77

/1

77C#n."u&i#n<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q7

7 /

9+ii

CHAPTER , CONCLUSION


0

7/7 Re+ie5 #! $e&e($. .#ndu.ted<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q7 0

77 Re+ie5 #! !indin'&, C#n."u&i#n&<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q7

777 Te#$eti.(" .#n."u&i#n&

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q777<=Q<=Q<=Q



18

77/7 Em*i$i.(" .#n."u&i#n&

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q7 777 Met#d#"#'i.(" .#n."u&i#n&

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q

77 Re.#mmend(ti#n&

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q 1777 Te#$eti.(" $e.#mmend(ti#n&

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q7 17777 O$'(ni&(ti#n(" *$(.ti.e& t# (dd$e&& me(nin' in (nd (t 5#$6,

.$e(tin' ( *#&iti+e #$'(ni&(ti#n(" .#nte9t <=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q7

1

777/7 Gi+in' me(nin' t# #$'(ni&(ti#n(" .(n'e (nd de+e"#*mentiniti(ti+e& t$#u' !$(min'

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q

77/7 P$(.ti.(" $e.#mmend(ti#n&<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q7

777 Met#d#"#'i.(" $e.#mmend(ti#n&

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q77 /77 V("ue (dd #! te &tudy

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q7 /

777 V("ue (dd in te$m& #! *$(.ti.e<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q7

77/7 V("ue (dd in te$m& #! te#$y<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q777

777 V("ue (dd in te$m& #! met#d#"#'y<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q

7J7 Limit(ti#n& #! te &tudy

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q777

717 Su''e&ti#n& !#$ !utu$e $e&e($.<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q77 J

77 C#n."u&i#n - (n&5e$in' te $e&e($. *$#b"em<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q77

9+iii

LIST OF FIGURES

Fi'u$e 7, Re&e($. #be.ti+e& 2(& #**#&ed t# .u$$ent *$(.ti.e3

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q 1Fi'u$e /7, A !#u$-tie$ m#de" #! !#$.e& !#$ .(n'e

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q77 /

Fi'u$e /7/, De+e"#*ment("4 t$(n&iti#n(" (nd t$(n&!#$m(ti#n(" .(n'e<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q /

Fi'u$e /7, Te #b &t$e&& *$#.e&&<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q

Fi'u$e /7, Te bu$n#ut *$#.e&&

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q77 1



19

Fi'u$e /7, F#$.e& !#$ #$'(ni&(ti#n(" ine$ti(

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q777 1Fi'u$e /7J, A !$(me5#$6 !#$ me(&u$in' be(+i#u$(" intenti#n& t# $e&i&t

.(n'e 777

Fi'u$e 7, M(#$ #$'(ni&(ti#n(" &ub&y&tem&

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q77 0Fi'u$e 7/, Le5in<=@& F#$.e-Fie"d An("y&i&

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q777 Fi'u$e 7, Le5in<=@& C(n'e M#de"

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q7 Fi'u$e 7, Te t$ee t$i(d& unde$"yin' "#'#te$(*y

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q777 1

Fi'u$e 7/, Te 5i"" t# me(nin' +e$&u& #te$ te#$ie& #! m#ti+(ti#n

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777 1/

Fi'u$e 7, Te #b .($(.te$i&ti.& m#de"

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q 11

Fi'u$e 7, A M#de" !#$ Autenti. Le(de$&i* De+e"#*ment<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q7 /Fi'u$e 7, L#'#-OD (& ( *#&iti+e t$i''e$ e+ent t# !(.i"it(te

#$'(ni&(ti#n(".(n'e

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q

/J

Fi'u$e J7, Te $e&e($. *$#.edu$e !#""#5ed in ti& &tudy<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q77<=Q /1

Fi'u$e J7/, D(t( *($(di'm !#$ &t(ti&ti.(" (n("y&i&

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q /

Fi'u$e J7, Te&tin' te $e"(ti#n&i* bet5een te CRI (nd PMP by me(n& #!t-

te&t& !#$ inde*endent &(m*"e&<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q

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Fi'u$e 7, C(*te$ #be.ti+e& t$#u' 5i. te #be.ti+e #! te

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0/

Fi'u$e 7, O$'(ni&(ti#n(" *$(.ti.e& t(t !#&te$ me(nin'!u"ne&&<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q7

9i9



20

LIST OF TABLES

T(b"e 7, Te *$im($y (nd &e.#nd($y "ite$(tu$e #be.ti+e& #! te .u$$ent&tudy

T(b"e 7/, P#tenti(" e*i.ent$e& (nd#$ .(t("y&t& #! $e&i&t(n.e t# .(n'ein

#$'(ni&(ti#n&4 (& me(&u$ed by te CRI

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q7

/T(b"e /7, G"#b("i&(ti#n (nd im*"i.(ti#n& !#$ SA #$'(ni&(ti#n&<=@

.#m*etiti+ene&& 1T(b"e /7/, C($(.te$i&ti.& #! !i$&t- +e$&u& &e.#nd-#$de$ .(n'e

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q 0

T(b"e /7, Di$e.t (nd indi$e.t .#&t& #! d#5n&iin'

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q T(b"e /7, P$im($y .($(.te$i&ti.& (nd .(u&e& #! (nd $e%ui$ed &6i""& !#$

BPR <=Q7 1T(b"e /7, E9(m*"e& #! &t$e&&#$&

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q

T(b"e /7J, Te #"d +e$&u& te ne5 .($ee$

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q777<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q JT(b"e /71, Re&i&t(n.e t# .(n'e be(+i#u$&

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q77<=Q7<=Q 1/T(b"e /7, Te #$i'in& #! .#unte$*$#du.ti+e be(+i#u$& in #$'(ni&(ti#n("

.(n'e 1T(b"e /7, De!en.e me.(ni&m& .#nt$ibutin' t# $e&i&t(n.e t# .(n'e

<=Q<=Q<=Q777 11

T(b"e /70, F(.t#$& unde$"yin' $e&i&t(n.e t# .(n'e

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q 1T(b"e /7, O$'(ni&(ti#n(" e"ement& t(t m(y !(.i"it(te em*#5e$ment (nd

*($ti.i*(ti#n<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q777

T(b"e /7/, St$(te'ie& !#$ de("in' 5it $e&i&t(n.e t# .(n'e

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q777<=Q<=Q T(b"e /7, Te !i+e 6ey .#m*#nent& #! ( t$(n&!#$m(ti#n(" me&&('e (imed

(t.$e(tin' $e(dine&& !#$ .(n'e

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T(b"e /7, Em*"#yee $e&*#n&e& t# #$'(ni&(ti#n(" .(n'e<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q77 0

T(b"e /7, F(.t#$& t(t im*(.t u*#n $e(dine&& !#$ .(n'e

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q7

T(b"e 7, De+e"#*ment& in OD, J0 t# 0<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q77 J

T(b"e 7/, 8ebe$i(n +&7 OD (&&um*ti#n&<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q77<=Q<=Q



21

T(b"e 7, C#$e di!!e$en.e& bet5een !i$&t- (nd &e.#nd-#$de$ .(n'e !$#m

(n OD*e$&*e.ti+e

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q7

00

T(b"e 7, Te#$y +&7 Te#$y Y<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q7<=Q 0J

T(b"e 7, Te b(&i. tenet& #! um(ni&ti. *&y.#"#'y

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q777<=Q<=Q<=Q 01

T(b"e 7J, A&&um*ti#n& (nd +("ue& unde$"yin' OD<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q777<=Q<=Q 0

T(b"e 71, A&*e.t& in."uded in #$'(ni&(ti#n(" &ub&y&tem&<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q

T(b"e 7, OD inte$+enti#n& #..u$$in' in te m(#$ #$'(ni&(ti#n("&ub&y&tem& 777

99

T(b"e 7, Di!!e$ent ty*e& #! .(n'e (nd "e+e"& #! te #$'(ni&(ti#n t#

5i. ODm(y be (**"ied

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q77<=Q<=Q<=Q

/0

T(b"e 70, 8(t &en&iti+ity t$(inin' i& (nd 5(t it i& n#t<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q777<=Q<=Q<=Q /

T(b"e 7, C($(.te$i&ti.& #! #*tim(" de+e"#*ment 2t(t en&ue !$#m!indin'

me(nin'3<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q

T(b"e 7/, Guide*#&t& t# (&&i&tin' te indi+idu(" in !indin' me(nin'

du$in' teS#.$(ti. di("#'ue

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q777<=Q<=Q<=Q

J

T(b"e 7, C(te'#$ie& #! +("ue& t(t m(y &e$+e (& &#u$.e& #!me(nin' 777<=Q<=Q77 1

T(b"e 7/, F#u$ y*#te&e& #n te #$i'in& #! ("t$ui&m

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q777 /T(b"e 7, S.ein<=@& .($ee$ (n.#$& (nd (&&#.i(ted b(&i. indi+idu("

+("ue& <=Q777

T(b"e J7, C($(.te$i&ti.& .ent$(" t# te em*i$i.("<=>(n("yti.(" *($(di'm<=Q<=Q777 /

T(b"e J7/, Dem#'$(*i. .($(.te$i&ti.& #! te &(m*"in' !$(me<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q7 //J

T(b"e J7, C#m*($i&#n #! te t($'et *#*u"(ti#n (nd &(m*"e in te$m& #!

$(.e (nd



22

'ende$


//1

T(b"e J7, Dimen&i#n& #! te Bu$6e-Lit5in M#de" #! O$'(ni&(ti#n("Pe$!#$m(n.e (nd C(n'e4 uti"i&ed t# .#n&t$u.t te CRI <=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q777

//

T(b"e J7, C#$$e"(ti#n& bet5een te PMP (nd .$ite$i#n me(&u$e&

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q7 /JT(b"e J7J, M(t.in' #! indi+idu("& 5# de."ined (ttend(n.e b(&ed #n

bi#'$(*i.(" .$ite$i(<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q777

/

T(b"e J71, C$ite$i( &et !#$ te L#'#-OD inte$+enti#n

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q7 /T(b"e 17, Dem#'$(*i. .($(.te$i&ti.& #! te *$e-te&t &(m*"e

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q77 /JT(b"e 17/, C#m*($i&#n #! te t($'et *#*u"(ti#n4 &(m*"e4 (nd $e&*#ndent&

t#%ue&ti#nn(i$e& in te$m& #! $(.e (nd 'ende$

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q777

/J

T(b"e 17, Dem#'$(*i. .($(.te$i&ti.& #! *#&t-te&t &(m*"e<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q77 /J1

T(b"e 17, Re"i(bi"itie& (nd de&.$i*ti+e &t(ti&ti.& #! te CRI (..#$din'

t#

te#$eti.(" dimen&i#n& 2!i$&t-#$de$ !(.t#$&3<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q777

/J

T(b"e 17, KMO (nd B($t"ett& Te&t !#$ *$e- (nd *#&t te&t CRI &.#$e&<=Q<=Q<=Q777 /10T(b"e 17J, T#t(" +($i(n.e e9*"(ined in e9t$(.ti#n #! CRI &e.#nd-#$de$

!(.t#$&,*$e-te&t

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q777<=Q<=Q

/10

T(b"e 171, T#t(" +($i(n.e e9*"(ined in e9t$(.ti#n #! CRI &e.#nd-#$de$!(.t#$&,

*#&t-te&t<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q7<=Q<=Q

/1

99i



23

T(b"e 17, Re"i(bi"itie& (nd de&.$i*ti+e &t(ti&ti.& #! te CRI 2&e.#nd-

#$de$!(.t#$&3

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q777<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q

/1

T(b"e 17, F(.t#$ "#(din'& #n &e.#nd-#$de$ !(.t#$& !#$ *$e- (nd *#&tte&t, CRI 777 /1/

T(b"e 170, Re"i(bi"itie& (nd de&.$i*ti+e &t(ti&ti.& #! te PMP (..#$din'

t#

te#$eti.(" dimen&i#n& 2!i$&t-#$de$ !(.t#$&3<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q777<=Q

/1T(b"e 17, KMO (nd B($t"ett& Te&t !#$ *$e- (nd *#&t te&t PMP &.#$e&

<=Q<=Q<=Q77 /1

T(b"e 17/, T#t(" +($i(n.e e9*"(ined in e9t$(.ti#n #! PMP &e.#nd-#$de$

!(.t#$&,*$e-te&t

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q777<=Q<=Q

/1

T(b"e 17, T#t(" +($i(n.e e9*"(ined in e9t$(.ti#n #! PMP &e.#nd-#$de$!(.t#$&,

*#&t-te&t<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q7<=Q

/1

T(b"e 17, Re"i(bi"itie& (nd de&.$i*ti+e &t(ti&ti.& #! te PMP 2&e.#nd-

#$de$!(.t#$&3

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q777<=Q

/1T(b"e 17, F(.t#$ "#(din'& #n &e.#nd-#$de$ !(.t#$& #! te *$e- (nd *#&tte&t, PMP /1

T(b"e 17J, St(ti&ti.(" det(i"& #! te .(n#ni.(" .#$$e"(ti#n bet5een teCRI (nd

PMP

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q777<

=Q

/1J

T(b"e 171, CRI (nd PMP !(.t#$& .#n&titutin' te .(n#ni.(" .#$$e"(ti#n<=Q<=Q<=Q /1J

T(b"e 17, V($i(n.e e9t$(.ted (nd $edund(n.y inde9e&

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q7 /11T(b"e 17, Inde*endent &(m*"e& t-te&t& #n PMP *$e-te&t &.#$e& #! CRIG$#u* /

2i' CRI &.#$e&3 +&7 CRI G$#u* 2"#5 CRI &.#$e&3 777<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q

/1

T(b"e 17/0, Inde*endent &(m*"e& t-te&t& #n PMP *#&t-te&t &.#$e& #! CRIG$#u* /

2i' CRI &.#$e&3 +&7 CRI G$#u* 2"#5 CRI &.#$e&3 <=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q777



24

/1

T(b"e 17/, PMP me(n !(.t#$ &.#$e& !#$ G$#u*& / (nd <=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q7 /0

T(b"e 17//, Inde*endent &(m*"e& t-te&t& #n CRI *$e-te&t &.#$e& #!

indi+idu("& 5#

&.#$ed i' #n te PMP +&7 indi+idu("& 5# &.#$ed "#5 #n te PMP/

T(b"e 17/, Inde*endent &(m*"e& t-te&t& #n CRI *#&t-te&t &.#$e& #!indi+idu("&

5# &.#$ed i' #n te PMP +&7 indi+idu("& 5# &.#$ed "#5 #n tePMP


77

//

T(b"e 17/, CRI me(n !(.t#$ &.#$e& !#$ indi+idu("& 5# &.#$ed i'4 (nd

indi+idu("& 5# &.#$ed "#5 #n te PMP<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q777

/T(b"e 17/, T-te&t& !#$ $e"(ted &(m*"e& !#$ G$#u* 2("" *($ti.i*(nt&3

2e9*e$iment("'$#u* #n"y3

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q

/

99ii

T(b"e 17/J, T-te&t& !#$ $e"(ted &(m*"e& !#$ G$#u* / 2*($ti.i*(nt& 5it

i' CRI*$e-te&t &.#$e&32e9*e$iment(" '$#u* #n"y3

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q7<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q

/J

T(b"e 17/1, T-te&t& !#$ $e"(ted &(m*"e& !#$ G$#u* 2*($ti.i*(nt& 5it"#5 CRI

*$e-te&t &.#$e&3 2e9*e$iment(" '$#u* #n"y3<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q

/1T(b"e 17/, Ob&e$+ed *#5e$ (nd e!!e.t &ie& #! *$e- +&7 *#&t te&t &.#$e&

!#$ tee9*e$iment(" '$#u*

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q

/

T(b"e 17/, T-te&t& !#$ inde*endent &(m*"e& !#$ G$#u* 2(""*($ti.i*(nt&3 <=Q<=Q7 /0



25

T(b"e 170, T-te&t& !#$ inde*endent &(m*"e& !#$ G$#u* / 2*($ti.i*(nt&

5it i'CRI *$e-te&t &.#$e&3


/

T(b"e 17, T-te&t& !#$ inde*endent &(m*"e& !#$ G$#u* 2*($ti.i*(nt&5it "#5

CRI *$e-te&t &.#$e&3

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q777<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q

//T(b"e 17/, M(nn-8itney te&t !#$ G$#u* 2("" *($ti.i*(nt&3

<=Q<=Q7<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q /T(b"e 17, M(nn-8itney te&t !#$ G$#u* / 2*($ti.i*(nt& 5it i' CRI

*$e-te&t

&.#$e&3


/

T(b"e 17, M(nn-8itney te&t !#$ G$#u* 2*($ti.i*(nt& 5it "#5 CRI *$e-te&t

&.#$e&3<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q

/T(b"e 17, Ob&e$+ed *#5e$ (nd e!!e.t &ie& #! *#&t-te&t CRI me(n &.#$e&

!#$

e9*e$iment(" +&7 .#nt$#" '$#u*&

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q

/J

T(b"e 17J, L#'i&ti. $e'$e&&i#n (n("y&i& #! PMP (nd bi#'$(*i.(" !(.t#$&

(&*$edi.t#$& #! CRI &.#$e&, Ste* 0<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q

/1

T(b"e 171, L#'i&ti. $e'$e&&i#n (n("y&i& #! PMP (nd bi#'$(*i.(" !(.t#$&

(&*$edi.t#$& #! CRI &.#$e&, Ste*

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q

/

T(b"e 7, Key !indin'& in te de&.$i*ti+e &t(ti&ti.& #! ti& &tudy

<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q77 /0

T(b"e 7, O$'(ni&(ti#n(" *$(.ti.e& t(t !#&te$ me(nin'!u"ne&&<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q<=Q7

T(b"e 7/, F$(min' .(n'e b(&ed #n te *$in.i*"e& unde$"yin' L#'#-OD<=Q<=Q 0

99iii



26

99i+

LIST OF ANNEURES

Anne9u$e A Cu$$i.u"um Vit(e #! D$ HM 2Te$i(3 S(nt(""Anne9u$e B 8#$6&#* !#$m(t #! L#'#-OD inte$+enti#nAnne9u$e C An e9*"#$(ti#n #! te te&t-$ete&t $e"i(bi"ity #! te CRI (nd

PMPAnne9u$e D Additi#n(" &t(ti&ti.(" !indin'&

the applicability of logotherapy as an organisation

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