The Animal Kingdom The Animal Kingdom Notes - pg. 129Notes - pg. 129

EQ: What are the major functions of animals?

Key QuestionsKey Questions

How are animal bodies typically organized?

What are four major functions of animals?

How are animals classified?

Body Organization of Body Organization of AnimalsAnimals

The body of most animals are organized into cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems.

Functions of AnimalsAll animals carry out the same basic physiological processes.

1. Obtaining food and oxygen

2. Homeostasis - Keeping internal conditions stable.

3. Movement

4. Reproduction

Classification of Animals1. Animals are

classified by their relation to other animals.

2. Relationships are determined by body structure, development, and DNA.

Two Main Groups of Two Main Groups of AnimalsAnimals

1. Vertebrates

2. Invertebrates

INVERTEBRATES:Invertebrates:vertebrates:

animals without a backbone.

Invertebrates make up 97% of all animal species.

Earthworms

Sea anemones

Butterfly

Common Phyla of Invertebrates

1. Phylum Porifera – sponges2. Phylum Cnidaria – jellyfish, coral3. Phylum Platyhelminthes – flat worms4. Phylum Nematoda – round worms5. Phylum Annelida – segmented worms6. Phylum Mollusca – snails, squid, octupus7. Phylum Arthropoda – insects, crustaceans8. Phylum Echinodermata – seastars

VERTEBRATES:VertebratesVertebrates: : aanimals with a skull

and a backbone.

All vertebrates belong to Phylum Chordata.

1. Fish2. Amphibians3. Reptiles4. Birds5. Mammals

• Less than 3% of animal species are vertebrates.

Amphibian

Fish

Reptiles

Birds

Mammals

Ectotherms(Coldblooded)

1. Amphibians, Reptiles and Fish

2. Bodies do not produce much internal heat.

3. Body temperature depends on temperature of the environment.

Endotherms(Warm-blooded)

1. Birds and Mammals

2. Maintain a stable body temperature.

SYMMETRYThere are 3 animal body plans:

radial symmetry, bilateral symmetry or no symmetry.

Radial Symmetry – body organized around a center point.

Bilateral Symmetry - the two halves of the body are mirror images.

No Symmetry - Uneven

Examples of Symmetry