the animal kingdom
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The Animal Kingdom. Chapters 12-19. Chapter 12: Porifera and Cnidarians:. Porifera (sponges): -Invertebrates with a hollow body and two layers of cells (ectoderm and endoderm) (“ ecto ” = outer, “ endo ” = inner, “ derm ” = skin) - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
THE ANIMAL KINGDOMChapters 12-19
CHAPTER 12: PORIFERA AND CNIDARIANS:
Porifera (sponges): -Invertebrates with a
hollow body and two layers of cells (ectoderm and endoderm)
(“ecto” = outer, “endo” = inner, “derm” = skin)
-Reproduce asexually by budding and regeneration, or sexually with sperm and eggs
Natural sponges for cleaning
CNIDARIANS (JELLYFISH AND RELATIVES):
-Lives attached to a solid surface as a polyp
-Swims freely as a medusa
Coral reefs provide food and shelter for marine organisms
QUESTIONS:1. What are flagella, and how do
sponges use them? (page 201)2. All cnidarians have radial
symmetry, what does this mean? (page 203)
3. Explain how sponges reproduce by the process of regeneration. (page 202)
1. A whip-like structure that they use to keep a steady stream of water flowing through its body cavity.
2. All body parts are arranged around its mouth, like the spokes of a wheel.
3. A piece falls or breaks off and whole new sponge can grow from that piece.
CHAPTER 13: WORMS Have three layers of cells, an
endoderm, an ectoderm and a mesoderm (“meso” = middle, “derm” = skin)
Some types: A) Flatworms (ex: tapeworms) B) Roundworms (ex:
pinworms) C) Segmented worms (ex: earthworms)
Many types of worms are parasites
PARASITIC WORMS VIDEOS:Kids and Pinworms
Tapeworms in the brain?
QUESTIONS:1. Worms have bilateral symmetry, what does this mean? (page 216)
2. What are ganglia? (page 221)
3. Why do earthworms avoid sunlight?
CHAPTER 14: MOLLUSKS AND ECHINODERMS
Mollusks:
Have a soft body, usually covered by a protective shell
(ex: snail, clam, octopus)
Echinoderms:
Name means “spiny skin”. Radial symmetry body with
an exoskeleton (“exo” = outer)
(ex: sea urchin, sea star)
QUESTIONS:1. What is a visceral mass? (page 234)2. What is the difference between
univalves and bivalves? (pages 234 and 236)
3. What structure do clams use to feed? (page 236)
4. Explain how pearls are formed. (page 245)
MOLLUSK VIDEO:
Nature of Things: "Aliens of the Deep Sea" (Smart Mullosks)
CHAPTER 15: ARTHROPODS Have jointed
appendages (arms, legs etc)
Have segmented bodies
Have an exoskeleton.
Examples: insects, crabs, scorpions (arachnids).
QUESTIONS:
1. For what purpose(s) do crustaceans use each of the following structures: (page 256)
A) Mandibles
B) Antennae
CHAPTER 16: FISHES Are vertebrates
Are ectothermic(“ecto” = outer, “thermic” =
heat)
Three types:
a) Jawless (ex: lampreys)b) Cartilaginous (ex: sharks)c) Bony (ex: Codfish, trout)
QUESTIONS FROM PAGE 282-283:
Applying definitions #’s: 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 10
Content Review #’s: 2, 3, 4
CHAPTER 17: AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES
Amphibians: Breathe with gills as
larvae, but lungs as adults Are ectothermic Lay eggs without shells in
water (ex: frogs, salamanders) Reptiles: Breathe with lungs Are ectothermic Lay eggs with shells on
land (snakes, lizards)
QUESTIONS:1. What does the term “metamorphosis” mean? (page 287)
2. What do amphibians use mucus glands for? (page 289)
Concept Review #’s: 3, 6 (pg 303)
CHAPTER 18: BIRDS Distinguished by feathers
Have wings and legs
Have lightweight (hollow) bones
Body is adapted for flight
Are endothermic (“endo” = inner, “thermic” = heat)
QUESTIONS:1. For what purpose do birds use each of
the following structures?A) an egg tooth (page 315)B) a crop (page 311)C) a gizzard (page 311)
2. Why do birds migrate? (page 316)
Content Review #’s: 1, 2, 3, 4 (Page 319)
THE INTELLIGENCE OF BIRDS:
"A Murder of Crows“
http://www.cbc.ca/video/#/Shows/The_Nature_of_Things/1242300217/ID=1385855962
CHAPTER 19: MAMMALS Are endothermic Are vertebrates Have hair, mammary
glands, 4-chambered heart, large brain
Types: A) Monotremes (ex:
platypus) B) Marsupials (ex:
kangaroos) C) Placental (ex: humans)
QUESTIONS:1. What is a gestation period? (page 326)2. Define each of the following:A) monotreme (pg 323)B) marsupial (pg 323)C) Placental (pg 323)
Matching #’s: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 (pg 338)Content Review #’s: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8 (pg
339)