The Age of Imperialism1850-1914

What is Imperialism?

ImperialismImperialism is the domination by one is the domination by one country of the political, economic, country of the political, economic, or social life of another country or or social life of another country or region.region.

According to the map which country is controlling the other?

What are the forms of Imperialism?• Colony

– Imperial nation controls all aspects of the weaker country (Political, Economic and Social) Government officials are sent from the stronger nation to run the weaker country Example:

• Protectorate– Weaker country has its own government– Imperial nation controls the policies of the

weaker country militarily or diplomaticallyExample:

• Sphere of Influence – Imperial nations only control economic

aspects of the nation through exclusive trading rights

– Example:

What Forces Enabled Imperialism?• Maxim gun – (1889).

World’s first automatic machine gun.

• Railroads & Steamships – allowed Europeans to control their empire.

• Cure for Malaria – quinine protected Europeans from disease

• Ethnic and Cultural diversity – caused internal conflict and discouraged unity among some nations, especially Africa.

Why did European Countries Imperialize?

Economic Political Social

Raw Materials for Industrialization

Boost national pride and prestige

Spread Religion

Cheap Labor Military•Naval bases, additional troops

Social Darwinism – Survival of the fittest

Money Gain Power White Man’s Burden

New Markets Increased Security Desire to spread culture

Places for settlers Expand Territory Exploration

What is Social Darwinism?• This is a great example of

how science can influence social, political and economic values and actions!

• Darwin’s - Survival of the fittest applied to Society

• Who would be the “fittest” of the human species?

• ____________________ of course!

What is the “White Man’s Burden”?

• ““Take up the White Take up the White Man's burden-- -Send Man's burden-- -Send forth the best ye breed-forth the best ye breed-

• Go, bind your sons to Go, bind your sons to exile -To serve your exile -To serve your captives‘ need; captives‘ need;

• To wait, in heavy To wait, in heavy harness, -On fluttered harness, -On fluttered folk and wild-- folk and wild--

• Your new-caught Your new-caught sullen peoples, -Half sullen peoples, -Half devil and half child.”devil and half child.”

Which motive do you think is the most praiseworthy? Which is the

least?

You Decide

Throughout the 1800s, an increased demand for both raw materials and new markets for

manufactured goods led European nations to pursue policies of

A. I

mpe

rialis

m

B. C

omm

unis

m

C. N

atio

nalis

m

D. S

ocia

lism

100%

0%0%0%

• A. Imperialism

• B. Communism

• C. Nationalism

• D. Socialism

Which of the following is not a form of imperialism?

A.

Colony

B.

Sphere

of Influ

ence

C.

Empire

D. P

rote

ctora

te

0% 0%

100%

0%

• A. Colony

• B. Sphere of Influence

• C. Empire

• D. Protectorate

Which of the following is not a force that enabled European countries to conquer

weaker nations?

A.

Max

im G

un

B.

Ethnic

Unity

C.

Quin

ine

D.

Railro

ads

0% 4%0%

96%• A. Maxim Gun

• B. Ethnic Unity

• C. Quinine

• D. Railroads

Which of the following was not a reason for European colonization?

A.

The In

dustria

l Rev

...

B.

Social

Dar

winis

m

C.

Spread

of C

hristia

...

D.

Isol

atio

nism

4%

96%

0%0%

A. The Industrial Revolution

B. Social Darwinism

C. Spread of Christianity

D. Isolationism

What was the Scramble for Africa?

Dr. David Livingston & Henry Stanley explored Africa

•Sent back news about the abundance of natural resources•Reports set off a fierce competition for colonies in Africa.

What was the Berlin Conference of 1885?

• 14 Nations met in Berlin, Germany and agreed to partition Africa

• Africa was divided in many pieces with no regard for the people living there

• Tribal regions were split

between imperialist nations• Enemy tribes often found

themselves together within

the same borders

By 1914 European nations controlled 90% of Africa

Which nations were not colonized

by 1914?

What does it mean to partition?

Conqu

er

Div

ide

Igno

re

Des

troy

25% 25%25%25%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

1. Conquer

2. Divide

3. Ignore

4. Destroy

What was the Berlin Conference of 1885?

A m

eetin

g to e

nd im

p...

A m

eetin

g to p

artit

ion...

A m

eetin

g to d

iscu

ss t.

.

A m

eetin

g to p

artit

io...

25% 25%25%25%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

A. A meeting to end imperialism in Africa

B. A meeting to partition Africa with no regard to the ethnic and tribal diversity

C. A meeting to discuss the building of the Berlin Wall

D. A meeting to partition China with no regard to the people living there

Who was King Leopold and what did he want with the Congo?

King Leopold was the monarch of Belgium.

•Leopold sought the Congo for its rich natural resources of

rubber, ivory and cheap labor.

•In 1882 a treaty was signed with local chiefs of the Congo

River valley. The treaties gave King Leopold II of Belgium

personal control over the land.

How did King Leopold treat the natives?

Leopold licensed companies that

brutally exploited Africans, by

forcing them to collect sap from rubber plants.

Africans harvesting rubber in the Congo.

The system was unusually exploitative and brutal, even in Colonial Africa. Whipping was a common form of punishment for

workers who did not meet their quotas or who disobeyed the white man's rules.

The man lost his hand from ropes tied too tight by Belgian Rubber

Company soldiers. The boy

lost his hand from soldiers that wanted to claim

him as a kill.

A man who refused to go work in the rubber plantation looks at the severed foot and hand

of his 5 year old daughter.

What were the effects of Leopold’s conquest of The Congo?

• He killed thousands of

natives

• He depleted the

resources such as

elephants and

rubber

You Decide

1. Based on the previous images, why do you think King Leopold conducted such serious

penalties on the Congolese people?

2. What do you think could be done to stop these crimes against humanity?

3. Based on this picture and what you have just learned, what do you think is King Leopold’s primary interest in the Congo?4. Create a title for this picture.

What really happened? The World Demanded Changes• Much of Europe frowned upon these

atrocities• He could no longer get loads for his work in the Congo and had to borrow money from the Belgium Government. • In 1908 Belgium took the lands for itself and renamed it the Belgian Congo. •Many of the hardships of the natives were reduced and living conditions were improved.

Who was the first to imperialize the Congo?

Kin

g Leo

pold

of Bel

...

The

count

ry o

f Bel

gium

The

count

ry o

f Gre

at ..

.

Kin

g Jam

es o

f Engl

and

25% 25%25%25%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

1. King Leopold of Belgium

2. The country of Belgium

3. The country of Great Britain

4. King James of England

Why did King Leopold want to imperialize the Congo?

He

wan

ted

the

diam

...

He

wan

ted

it fo

r his

...

He

wan

ted

to e

xplo

it t..

Both

2 a

nd 3

25% 25%25%25%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

1. He wanted the diamonds that were there

2. He wanted it for his own personal use

3. He wanted to exploit the cheap labor, and for rubber, and ivory

4. Both 2 and 3

What were the effects of King Leopold’s control of the Congo

The

Congo p

rosp

ered

...

Man

y na

tives

die

d an...

The

Congo m

ainta

ined

...

Life

was

bet

ter u

nder...

25% 25%25%25%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

A. Leopold mistreated the natives and left thousands dead

B. Leopold stripped the land of its resources

C. Leopold used the land and its people for his own personal gain

D. All of the above

POSITIVE NEGATIVE

•European medicine & improved nutrition increased life span of Africans. This caused an increase in population.

•Modern transportation & communications; telegraphs, railroads, steamships, and telephones which had been created to remove the natural resources were left behind

•A small minority received improved education and economic opportunities.

•European domination led to an erosion of traditional African values

•Africa was divided with no regard for the cultural and ethnic diversity

•African peoples were treated a s inferior. Forced to work long hours for low pay.

•Europeans divided up Africa ignoring tribal, ethnic, and cultural boundaries. These divisions have led to ongoing tribal clashes

Think Pair Share

• Which effect do you think had the most lasting effect on Africa? Why?