The Age of Imperialism 1850-1914

Standard 10.4.1 describe the rise of industrial economies and their link to

imperialism and colonialism

Standard 10.4.3 explain imperialism from the perspective of the colonizers

and the colonized

Imperialism in Africa Mini-Q

What was the driving force behind European

Imperialism in Africa?

Re-state the question in your own words

Overview

1.Between 1500 and 1800, Europe traded for SlavesGoldAnd Ivory along west coast of Africa.

2. Not until 1800’s did European explorers pushed into the interior of Africa

3. By 1880’s European nations were competing against each other to control Africa.

Do Now: “What was the driving force behind

European Imperialism in Africa?”

Scenario #1 Religious/Moral

Duty: The colonized country has a poor, uneducated population that needs roads, schools, hospitals

Scenario #2 Energy/Economic:

The colonized country has oil reserves that have not been utilized

ALWAYS SOMETIMES NEVER JUSTIFIED JUSTIFIED JUSTIFIED

Do Now: Is it ever Justified for a strong nation to take control of

another country? Scenario #3 Political/National

Security: The colonized country has ports for navy to refuel and an airport. It is also located very close to enemy nations.

Scenario #4 Religious/Political

Freedom: The colonized country is run by a dictator who doesn’t allow freedom of religion or speech

Background Essay: Vocabulary

1. malaria: disease caused by parasites caused by mosquitos

2. trans-Atlantic slave trade: transportation of slaves from western and central Africa to the Americas.

3. imperialism: the policy or practice of taking control of another country

4. Forced labor: work performed by laborers against their will

5. rule of occupation: the idea that a colonizing country must actually have roads, soldiers, and a working government in a country before it is considered their colony

6. free-trade: tax-free and restriction-free exchange of goods between nations

Background Essay

1. why didn’t Europe enter the interior of Africa?

A.Diseases

B.Geography

C.armies

Background Essay

2. What is the difference between ending the slave trade and ending slavery?

A. Ending slave trade- stopping the shipment of slaves across Atlantic Ocean (1807)

B. Ending slavery- not allowed to own another person (1865)

Background Essay

3. The connection between Mungo Park and imperialism?

- He explored Niger River and exploration led to imperialism.

Background Essay

4. What % of Africa was colonized by 1870?

10%

The Scramble

5. What explains the poor standing of Leopold II among historians?

- Brutal treatment of people in Congo Free State

The Scramble

6. When was the Berlin Conference and what did it do?

- 1884-1885- Divided up Africa

The Scramble

7. What place did Africans have at Berlin Conference?

NONE!!!!!

Document APartition of Africa 1884-85

Source - ??? Date - ???? Berlin Conference has 14

European nations/ 0 African Liberia and Ethiopia only 2

African countries to remain independent. Why? How?

Liberia- founded by former American slaves

Ethiopia- Emperor Menelik II defeats Italians

Document B

Source: J. Ruskin Date: 1870 speech at Oxford

University Nationalism – a nation is not

just a group of people but a sense of fraternity. Nations see each other as competitors and enemies.

Source: F. Fabri Date: 1879 from Does Germany

Need Colonies? Kaiser Wilhelm II begins

disputes over colonial territories with France and England. These disputes helped lead to WWI.

How did Ethiopia defeat Italy at the Battle of Adwa?

Document CTechnology and Imperialism Chart

Source- ??? Date ??? Quinine from the cinchona

tree cures malaria Malaria transmitted by

mosquitoes. It causes fever, headache, nausea.

Bessemer process made steel faster and cheaper to produce.

Maxim machine gun

Imperialism Review

1. Which 7 European nations held colonies in Africa?

2. Imperialism is ______________

3. Disease spread by mosquitoes

4. In 1884 European nations met in ________ to divide Africa.

5. European nations had to prove ______________ in order to claim land in Africa.

6. Only 2 African nations to remain independent.

7. The King of Belgium, _________, used harsh punishment to force Africans to work for him.

8. Process which produced steel faster

9. New weapon allowed Europeans to defeat large African armies

10. Between 1500’s and 1800’s Europeans went to Africa looking for slaves, gold, and _______.

11. Emperor __________, led Ethiopia to a victory over Italy at the _______.

Document DAfrican Countries and Their

Exports Source-?? Date-?? Rubber used for bike and

car tires, assembly line belts. Oil Palm Tree helps to

make soap, candles. Egypt has cotton. Also,

Suez Canal is a highway to their colony in India.

Ivory comes from tusks of elephants. It is used for tools, art, money. Banned in most nations.

Document E Britain and South Saharan Africa Imports and Exports, 1854 and 1900

Source- T. Lloyd Date- 1996 Britain hoped to build a railroad

the entire length of Africa nicknamed “Cape to Cairo.” This would supply and protect their colonies.

Even though Britain controlled Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and Jamaica, their biggest trading partner was still the United States.

Rhodes Colossus

Cecil Rhodes “From Cape to

Cairo”

Document F Source: R. Kipling,

“The White Man’s Burden”

Date – 1899 Audience- Kipling is

speaking to the U.S. regarding its colonization of Philippines.

Many of his works celebrated British imperialism for its role in spreading civilization.

Document F

Paternalism – a policy of treating subject people as if they were children, providing for their needs but not giving them rights

Ethnocentrism- the belief that one’s culture is superior to another

Imperialism Quiz

1. List any 3 European nations which held colonies in Africa.

2. A policy in which a nation dominates another nation

3. Disease spread by mosquitoes________. The cure is called ________

4. In 1884 European nations met to divide up __________

5. European nations had to prove ______________ in order to claim land in Africa.

6. Only 2 African nations to remain independent by 1900

7. King of Belgium who claimed to bring peace and Christianity to Africa yet used harsh punishment to force Africans to work

8. New weapon which allowed Europeans to defeat large African armies

9. Menelik II, the emperor of _______, beat Italy at the battle of _______

10. Britain hoped to build a railroad the entire length of Africa nicknamed from “Cape to ______”

11. _______ comes from the tusks of elephants and is used for art, tools, money

12. Egypt had an abundance of ________, which is used in the textile industry.

Ca. state standard 10.4

Imperialism Quiz

A. Malaria

B. Europe

C. Africa

D. Asia

E. Rule of occupation

F. Ethiopia

G. Egypt

H. South Africa

I. Liberia

J. Steam engine

K. Maxim machine gun

L. Gold

M. sillver

N. Ivory

O. Chocolate

P. Cotton

Q. Leopold II

R. Menelik II

S. Industrialization

T. Imperialism

U. France

V. Britain

W. United States

X. Belgium

Y. Canada

Z. NONE OF THE ABOVE

East Asia

Africa 1880 and 1897

Use the slides to answer the following questions in notes

Slide 1- By 1900, which continents were the most colonized? Explain why.

Slide 2- Why is this man standing on Africa? What do the daggers represent?

Slide 3- Which sea creature is England supposed to be? Why?

Slide 4- Which countries do these men represent? Why are they “toasting” each other?

Use the slides to answer the following questions in notes

Slide 5- Who is slicing China into pieces? Is this picture display a positive or negative view of imperialism? Explain

Slide 6- Why are the Africans fighting with the Europeans instead of against them?

Slide 7- How come Japan and the inner part of China were not colonized?

Slide 8- In 1880 only the coastline of Africa was colonized. By 1897 almost the entire continent was controlled by Europeans. What factors do you think accounted for such a dramatic change?

Sec. 1 Scramble for Africa1. Why did the

Europeans control such a small portion of Africa for most of the 19th century?

Rivers difficult to travel

Powerful armies disease

The Congo

King LeopoldOf Belgium Henry

Stanley

The Congo and Leopold

Leopold’s goals- end slave trade, promote Christianity

However, there was evidence of abuse

Leopold really wanted the rubber trees

Forces Driving Imperialism

Belief in European Superiority

1. Racism

2. Social Darwinism (quote on p.341)

3. Missionaries Christianity Civilize Westernize

Factors promoting Imperialism

1. Technology- steamships, railroads, machine gun, quinine

2. Africa politically divided

Division of Africa

Berlin Conference

Meeting of 14 European nations in 1884-1885 to lay down the rules for dividing Africa

By 1914 only Liberia and Ethiopia remained independent

Scramble for Africa

Africa 1880-1914

Review

1. How did the Industrial Revolution lead to European colonization?

2. Why were no African rulers invited to attend the Berlin Conference?

3. How were the Europeans able to conquer so much of Africa in such a short period of time?

4. What problems might result form rearranging groups of people without regard for ethnic or linguistic traditions?

Section 2

Forms of Imperialism (Chart p. 346)

1. Colony

2. Protectorate

3. Sphere of Influence

4. Economic

Methods of Management

Indirect Control Direct Control

1. Paternalism

2. Assimilation

African Resistance

Ethiopia: A Successful Resistance

1. In a paragraph, explain how Menelik II strengthened his nation and protected it from colonization.

2. Describe the importance of the Battle of Adowa.

Impact of Colonialism

Negatives

1. Lost political and economic power

2. Reduced food production

3. Loss of culture, traditions

Positives1. Modern economy2. Telephones3. Dams, bridges, canals4. Sanitation5. Hospitals6. Schools7. End of local warfare

Sec. 3 British Imperialism in India

British Expand Control India is controlled by

British East India Company (1757)

Army with Indian soldiers - sepoys

“Jewel in the Crown” India was the most

valuable colony due to large number of resources and large population

India must produce materials only for British production and only purchase British goods

British Transport Trade Goods

Railroads Tea, indigo, coffee, cotton, jute, opium

Sepoy Mutiny1. Why were Indians unhappy with

British rule?2. What happened in 1857 that

greatly upset both the Muslim and Hindu sepoys?

3. What occurred on May 10, 1857?

4. How did the British respond to the rebellion?

5. Why was the Sepoy Mutiny unsuccessful?

6. What happened to the East India Company after the failed rebellion?

Sec. 5 United States Imperialism in the Pacific Islands

Philippines Change Hands

U.S. acquires Philippines, Puerto Rico and Guam after Spanish-American War in 1898

Emilio Aguinaldo claims independence

Fighting between 1899 and 1902

U.S. promises eventual self-rule

Hawaii Becomes a Republic

American companies establish sugar plantations

McKinley Tariff Act of 1890 Annexation? Queen Liliuokalani

overthrown in 1893 and Sanford Dole named president of republic of Hawaii

1898 Hawaii becomes part of the United States

“White Man’s Burden” – a response to the American takeover of the Philippines

Take up the White Man's burden--Send forth the best ye breed--Go bind your sons to exileTo serve your captives' need;To wait in heavy harness,On fluttered folk and wild-Your new-caught, sullen peoples,Half-devil and half-child. Rudyard Kipling

Albert Beveridge- “In Favor Of Imperialism”

1. What is the American and world question?

2. Which territories does he mention as possible colonies?

3. What will these colonies gain by becoming a part of the United States?

4. Do you agree with Beveridge? Why? Or Why not

Chapter 12 Sec. 1 China

Opium War

Taiping Rebellion

BoxerRebellion

Date Cause Results

Define: extraterritorial rights, Open Door Policy

Chapter 12 Sec. 2

Modernization of Japan

Japan Ends Its Isolation

1853 U.S. Commodore Matthew Perry arrives at Tokyo Bay

Treaty of Kanagawa

Meiji Reform and Mutsuhito

Attempted to modernize Japan

Germany- government, army

Britain-navy America- education Industrialization

Autobiography of Yukichi Fukuzawa

1. Which modern examples of technology was San Francisco missing?

2. Why was the sugar refinery disappointing to Fukuzawa?

3. List at least 3 things that surprised Fukuzawa about America.

4. What did Fukuzawa take home with him?

                                                                                      

    

Imperial Japan

Japan and China agree to not send troops to Korea (1885)

(1894) China breaks agreement which leads to Sino-Japanese War

Japan gets Taiwan

Sino-Japanese War

Russo-Japanese War

1904 Japan launches surprise attack on Russian ships in Manchuria

Treaty of Portsmouth- Russia must withdraw from Manchuria and stay out of Korea

Japanese Occupation of Korea

1905 Japan makes Korea a protectorate and in 1910 was annexed

Harsh rulers Took over schools,

farmland Forbid Korean

businesses

Chapter 12 Section 3

United States

Economic Imperialism

Monroe Doctrine1823

Europe must stay out of the affairs of Latin America or risk United States intervention

“the American colonies are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers”

Cuba Declares Independence

1895 Cuba attempts rebellion against Spain

1898 U.S. joins Cuban rebellion. WHY?

Spanish-American War lasts 4 months

U.S. receives Puerto Rico, Guam,Philippines

Cuba-independent

Panama Canal

                                                                             

      

Panama Canal

President Roosevelt offers Colombia $10 million per year to build a canal.

Colombia demands more money 1903 U.S. Navy helps Panama win

independence Canal opens in 1914 Why is the Panama Canal so important?

Roosevelt Corollary1904

An extension of the Monroe Doctrine

In order to enforce the Doctrine, the U.S. must become an international police power

Chapter 12 Section 4

Turmoil and Change in Mexico

Antonio Lopez deSanta Anna

BenitoJuarez

Why did the Texans Revolt? 1835

What was the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo? 1848

How was Juarezdifferent from Santa Anna?

What were the goalsof La Reforma?1840’s- 1850’s

Porfirio Diaz and “Order and Progress”

1. What does the phrase “pan o palo” mean?

2. Which 4 groups supported Diaz and why?

3. List at least 3 criticisms of Diaz.

4. Overall, were the Diaz years a positive or negative for Mexico?

Mexican Revolution 1910-20

Francisco MaderoPancho Villa

Emiliano ZapataEducated in U.S.believed in democracy

“Robin Hood”of Mexico

“Tierra y Liberdad”

Mexico Constitution of 1917

Promoted education, land reforms, and worker’s rights

Go to p. 393 and answer the questions from the chart