THE 1980S

“You were born to be a player. You were meant to be here. This moment is yours.” -Herb Brooks

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8gfD134ED54

1980 United States Hockey

•Coach Herb Brooks, Coach of University of Minnesota’s Golden Gopher Hockey Team•Form new Olympic hockey team out of college players•Chose nine players from U of M. •Said to be huge underdogs •Pre-Olympics, played 61 games (42-16-3) - Wins, Losses, Overtime Losses•Seeded 7th in the 12-Nation Pool

1. US vs. Sweden, Tie 2-2 2. US vs. Czechoslovakia, Win 7-33. US vs. Norway, Win 5-14. US vs. Romania, Win 7-25. US vs. West Germany, Win 4-2

Next up was the Soviets

MIRACLE ON ICE

The US had lost to the Soviets 10-3 in their last exhibition game at Madison Square Garden right before the Olympics

Soviet Union had outscored their opponents 51-11 in last 5 games

MIRACLE ON ICETHE SOVIET TEAM

Soviet vs. US game was extremely close the whole game.

US had first goal, Soviet’s answered back 3 minutes later

10 Minutes left, US scores making it 4-3United States goes on to play and beat

Finland 4-2 for the Gold Medal.Made into a movie in 2004http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dvJ4f

qaYFq0

“DO YOU BELIEVE IN MIRACLES?”

1980 summer Olympics were to be held in Moscow, Russia

1979 USSR invaded Afghanistan Jimmy Carter gave an ultimatum on January 20, 1980

1980 OLYMPIC BOYCOTT

Jimmy Carter stated that either the USSR get out of Afghanistan or the US will hold a boycott of the summer Olympics.

Results were that 65 nations boycotted the summer games

The 1984 summer Olympics in LA were unsuccessfully boycotted by the USSR

THE ULTIMATUM

Let’s fi nd out

DOMESTIC POLICIESSO.. WHAT IS REAGANOMICS ?

THE PRESIDENT OF THE U.S DURING 1980S. TAKE A LOOK AND ENJOY. HE SAYS WHAT’S UP

HOW YOU DO.

It refers to the economic policies promoted by the U.S President Ronald Reagan during 1980s. These policies are commonly associated with supply-side economics, or pejoratively as trickle-down economics.

The 4 pillars of Reagan’s economic policy were to RUDUCE the growth of government spending, REDUCE income tax and capital tax, REDUCE government regulation of economy, and control money supply to reduce infl ation.

REAGOANOMICS

THE HISTORICAL CONTEXT

Prior to the Reagan administration, The U.S economy experienced a decade of rising unemployment and infl ation. Political pressure favored stimulus resulting in an expansion of the money supply. Many presidents tried to solve this problem.

Reagan's approach was a departure from his immediate predecessors. Reagan enacted lower marginal tax rates in conjunction with simplifi ed income tax codes and continued deregulation. During Reagan's presidency the annual defi cits averaged 4.2% of GDP after inherit ing an annual defi cit of 2.7% of GDP in 1980 under president Carter. The rate of growth in federal spending fel l from 4% under J immy Carter to 2.5% under Ronald Reagan. GDP per working-age adult , which had increased at only a 0.8% annual rate during the Carter administrat ion, increased at a 1.8% rate during the Reagan administration. The increase in productivity growth was even higher: output per hour in the business sector, which had been roughly constant in the Carter years, increased at a 1.4% rate in the Reagan years

GETTING INTO THE HISTORY.

In his 1980 campaign speeches, Reagan presented his economic proposals as merely a return to the free-enterprise principles that had been in favor before the Great Depression. At the same time he attracted a following from the supply-side economics movement, formed in opposition to Keynesian demand-stimulus economics. This movement produced some of the strongest supporters for Reagan's policies during his term in offi ce.The Laff er curve illustrates the theory of tax rate elasticity. Cutting tax rates can increase revenue if the tax rate is beyond the revenue-maximizing tax rate  (if the tax rate is to the right of the peak), and decrease revenue if the tax rate is to the left of the peak.The contention of the proponents, that the tax rate cuts would more than pay for themselves, was infl uenced by a theoretical taxation model based on the elasticity of tax rates, known as the Laff er curve. Arthur Laff er's model predicts that excessive tax rates actually reduce potential tax revenues, by lowering the incentive to produce; the model also predicts that insuffi cient tax rates (rates below the optimum level for a given economy) lead directly to a reduction in tax revenues

1. EXPLAIN THE ECONOMIC THEORY OF “REAGANOMICS

A. cuts of benefits from Medicare and Social Security to seniors

C. deregulation of business and industry

D. tough stand against federal labor unions

E. the theory of supply-side economics

2. ALL OF THE FOLLOWING WERE PART OF REAGANOMICS EXCEPT

Reduced InflationInflation rate before Reagan administration: 12.5%By 1986:1.1%

WAS REAGANOMICS SUCCESSFUL?

Interest RatesFell 6 points

Unemployment8mil new jobsUnemployment fell by 5%

Private WealthGrew by 8%

Tax RevenueIncreased steadily during administration

After Reagan’s administration..

America able to fund a 50% increase in defense spending

American companies constituted 57% of global market capitalization

U.S. assets continued to grow until they reached half of the worlds economics assets

1/3 of global GDP compared to 1/5 before Reagan

Before Reagan During presidency

Critics of Reaganomics…

• Claim Reagan was passing down the problem of federal deficit to future generations

The increase in private wealth dwarfs the increases in debt

He sharply reduced the nation’s debt by negotiating a Social Security Commission regime

The main cause for increased debt was not because of his economic policies

Iran-Contra Aff airFOREIGN POLICIES

The Iran Contra Affair

Iran - Huge enemy of USHostages being held in Lebanon by the Hezbollah*

Contras - Rebels against communist government in Nicaragua*

BACKGROUND

The Affair

• Began July 1985- McFarlane* asked permission from Reagan to meet with Israel & send weapons to Iran.

• Reagan denies until finds out they are anti-communist

• Israel suggests deal with McFarlane - selling arms to Iran may help release hostages

• McFarlane resigns December 5, 1985• Replaced by John Poindexter

• Lt. Col. Oliver North proposed new plan*• December 7, 1985 Reagan proposed plan- arms go to

leaders of moderate Iran army, not the group itself• Poindexter authorized North’s plan• January 1986- Poindexter proposes plan to Reagan *

Poindexter McFarlaneNorth

• Reagan approves plan

• No remaining hostages released in February 1986 (4 Left)

• Late July, another hostage released–William Casey (Head of

CIA) suggested sending Iran small missiles as a thank you for releasing hostage.

Casey

Leaked by Lebanese Magazine November 3, 1986

Discovered after airlift of guns downed over Nicaragua

Oliver North destroyed all or hid all evidence (papers, notebooks, ect.) between November 21-25, 1986- said was protecting lives

Notebooks containing information from January 1, 1984 to November 25, 1986

Poindexter resigned and North was fi red Determined that Reagan had no

knowledge of the actions taken behind his back

2:45

IRAN CONTRA AFFAIR REVEALED

ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS

12.) Congress did not allow any financial aid to the Contras in Nicaragua. But the US needed to get the hostages released in Lebanon, so the Reagan administration shipped tons of weapons to Iran through Israel and did not inform Congress. Theprofits from the sales were secretly given to the Contras. Reagan was ultimatelycleared from being involved in this scandal, but still received a ton of criticism.

13.)Lt. Col. Oliver North put millions of dollars from the arms sales towards givingmoney and weapons to the anti-communist rebels in Nicaragua.

REAGAN’S REALATIONS WITH THE USSR

Foreign Policy

Increased U.S. military and weapons systems

1981-1985: Pentagon budget $150-250 billion

“nuclear warning shots”http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5d

O6rb8qcCo

Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)

1983- space based missile-defense system.

Labeled “Star Wars”Intensified arms raceWeapon for peace- destroys

other weapons, not people

1985- Mikhail Gorbachev became the leader of Soviet Union and wanted to ease tensions between U.S. and Soviet Union

Soviet Union’s military could not match up to United States military, which made Soviet Union surrender

1987- President Reagan and Gorbachev signed Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty, to eliminate nuclear arsenal and troops from Eastern Europe and withdraw from Afghanistan

PRINCE “RONNIE TALK TO RUSSIA”

Ronnie talk to Russia before its too latebefore its too latebefore its too late

Ronnie talk to Russia before its too latebefore they blow up the world

You go to the zoo, but you can't feed guerillascan't feed guerillasLeft-wing guerillas

You can go to the zoo, but you can't feed guerillaswho wanna blow up the world

Ronnie if you're dead before I get to meet yabefore I get to meet yabefore I get to meet ya

Ronnie if you're dead before I get to meet yadon't say I didn't warn ya

Ronnie talk to Russia before its too latebefore its too latebefore its too late

Ronnie talk to Russia before its too latebefore they blow up the worldbefore they blow up the world

Don’tcha, don't you blow up my world

PRINCEPrince • produced ten platinum albums and thirty Top 40 singles during his career

• In 1993, during negotiations regarding the release of Prince's album The Gold Experience, a legal battle ensued between Warner Bros. and Prince over the

artistic and financial control of Prince's

output.

• several hundred unreleased songs in his "vault"

• 7 Grammy Awards throughouthis career

Famous Artists: Run DMC, LL Cool J, Ice T, Prince, Michael

Jackson, Beastie Boys, Whitney Houston, Janet Jackson, Tina

Turner

MUSIC OF THE 1980S

•Started becoming more diverse•Started adding different sounds and instruments to the songs•In the 1980s, started to spread into more countries other than the US•Strong Latino and African American ties •“New School Hip Hop” 1983-84 introduced artists like LL Cool J and Run DMC•New attitudes portrayed by rappers contrasted with the disco and funk attitudes and clothes of previous decades

HIP HOP MUSIC OF THE 1980S

Launched on August 1, 1981 at 12:01am

Music Videos, Music News, Video Jockeys

Hardly anything like it is todayFirst music video played on MTV: “Video

Killed The Radio Star” by the Buggles1984- First Video Music Awards

MTV

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5 Original- J.J. JacksonMark GoodmanNina BlackwoodAlan HunterMartha QuinnIntroduced music videos on MTV

“I AM proud of what it was like in the early days and thankful to have been a part of it when the M actually stood for Music not Moronic as it does these days” -Nina Blackwood

MTV’S VIDEO JOCKEYS

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MJ=MICHAEL JACKSON, ALSO KNOWN AS THE KING OF POP!

Born in 8/29/1958, started singing in a band called “Jackson 5.”

Nominated as the most successful entertainer of all time by Guinness world records.

Became a dominant fi gure in pop music. The music videos for his songs. Transformed the medium into an art form and a promotional tool. “Thriller” is the best-selling album of all time. One of the few artists to have been inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame twice. Inducted into the Dance Hall of Fame as the fi rst dancer from the world of pop and Rock & Roll.

Contributions: a global fi gure in popular culture for over four decades.

Multiple Guinness World Records; 13 Grammy Awards (Grammy Legend Award and Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award), 26 American Music Awards, most-awarded recording artist in the history of pop music, sale of over 250 million records worldwide.

Also was one of the World’s most prominent humanitarians; personally and trough his Heal the World Foundation.

He donated over 300 million dollars in charity, was invited to White House to receive an award from the President Ronald Reagan for his support of Charities.

ACHIEVEMENTS AND HIS INFLUENCE ON THE WORLD

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cpQIBSyXYEM&feature=related 3:20

LET’S CHECK OUT THE LEGEND AND KING OF POP’S PERFORMANCE.

 It made the popular music. Popular music was very famous during this time. and When Michael Jackson came out on the scene, he infl uenced a lot artists to dance and move. It did help charities too

14.HOW DID THE MUSIC OF THE 1980S REFLECT THE TIMES?

The beast right here.

MJ= MICHAEL JORDAN

Known as the GREATEST basketball player of all time. was on of the most eff ectively marketed athletes of his

generation and was considered instrumental in popularizing the NBA around the world in 1980s and 1990s. ( Joined the NBA’s Chicago Balls in 1984 and quickly emerged as a league star).

His leaping ability, illustrated by performing slam dunks from the free throw line in slam dunk contests, earned him the nickname “AIR JORDAN”.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UPRyG5bOOtY&feature=related

Jordan earned 5 MVP awards, 10 all-NBA fi rst team designations, 9 all-defensive fi rst team honors, 14 NBA All-Star Game Appearances, 3 All-Star Game MVP awards, 10 scoring titles, 3 steal titles, 6 NBA Finals MVP awards, and the 1988 NBA Defensive player of the year award. Was named the greatest north American athlete of the 20 th century by ESPN. Was inducted into the basketball Hall of Fame in 2009. He fueled the success of Nike’s Air Jordan sneakers, still popular Today.

MICHAEL JORDAN- AMERICAN PROFESSIONAL BASKETBALL PLAYER,

ACTIVE ENTREPRENEUR AND MAJORITY OWNER OF THE CHARLOTTE BOBCATS.

HUMAN GENOME PROJECT

• Before the project, little was known about genetics and their role

• James Watson and Francis Crick

• 1990: the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Department of Energy joined with international partners in a quest to sequence all 3 billion letters, or base pairs, in the human genome, which is the complete set of DNA in the human body.

• Goal: Provide tools to understand genetic factors in disease. From the start, the Human Genome Project supported an Ethical, Legal and Social Implications research program to address the

many complex issues that might arise from this science.

• Played a key role in making the U.S. the global leader in the new biotechnology sector.

• In April 2003, researchers successfully completed the Human Genome Project, under budget and more than two years ahead of schedule.

Inventions- World Wide Web

“Transmission Control Protocol-” changed to “Internet Protocol.” Transformed into a worldwide network

Researchers and scientists sent files and data from one computer to another

*The web is a set of software programs that enable people to access resources (NOT internet)

Columbia Spacecraft

First flight- April 12th 1981Launched at Kennedy Space Center

and orbited Earth 36 times over a period of 54 hours and 22 minutes

Re-usable winged spaceship was successful

Opened the “gateway” to many opportunities for space travel

None of the 31,000 heat-shielding tiles on the spacecraft was lost in re-entry

Fads- Cabbage Patch Kids

1980’s- Coleco (manufacturer) Originally called “Little People” Characters appeared in merchandising products

ranging from animated cartoons to board games Started at $30-40; Later sold for $125-300 Dolls came with adoption papers with doll’s

name, birth date, and an adoption oath

Fads-Nintendo

Japanese electronic company Translated to “leave luck to heaven” Japan’s third most valuable company- $85

million Donkey Kong and The Super Mario Bros

made billions Gameboy- single LCD handheld

High End Fashion

Feathers were the latest extravagance for fall and winter, supplementing beads, hand embroidery, sequins, and fur (couture)

Japanese influenceWorking women put classic suits and

softly tailored dresses in demand

Fashion Trends

Shoulder Pads

Mini Skirts: denim, knit, and leather paired with leggings

Leg Warmers:

Huge Earrings: touched shoulders

Fingerless Gloves:

Parachute Pants:

“Members Only” Jackets: “in” crowd

Oversized Tops: with leggings or miniskirts

Main Causes:Weak LeadershipGovernment ReformsFailed CommunismMassive spendingSatellite rebellions

COLLAPSE OF THE USSR

Gorbachev was not as the leaders that preceded him.

WEAK LEADERSHIP

glasnost or freedom of speech perestroika or (economic) rebuilding

These freedoms released the hated of the Soviet totalitarian state in the open and did not help rebuild the country as he had once hoped.

Fall of Berlin wall in 1989

GOVERNMENT REFORMS

The arms race paid a toll on the economy USSR solely put money into the weapons

The economy failed and caused the people to lose trust in the government

MASSIVE SPENDING

Satellites began rebelling and demanding freedoms Estonia demanded autonomy followed by similar moves in Lithuania and Latvia, the other

two Baltic republicsGroups began to rebel and demand to succeed from

the USSR Communists organized a coup d'état.

They kidnapped Gorbachev, and then, on August 19 of 1991, they announced on state television that Gorbachev was very ill and would no longer be able to govern.

 When the coup organizers tried to bring in the military to quell the protestors, the soldiers themselves rebelled, saying that they could not fire on their fellow countrymen

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