The 1 st Industrial Revolution & The Civil War 1 st Industrial Revolution Between the late 1700s early 1800s Begins in Great Britain Based on 1. Steam power 2. Textile industry Steam Power James Watt British inventor; improves the steam engine (mower powerful & efficient) Before steam engines, factories powered by river water. Effects of Steam Technology Factories not dependent on rivers/streams... Can be built anywhere. Factories can be located anywhere More Factories Makes bigger machines possible... Mass production Effects of Steam Technology Revolutionizes Transportation The steam- powered Locomotive Textile Industry New technology + steam energy = textile factories. Spinning Mule Spinning Jenny Pre-Industrial Revolution Goods made in small shops & peoples homes by hand. Post-Industrial Revolution Goods made in factories/mill by steam-powered machines Transportation Revolution 1. Canals Ohio & Erie Canal - AKRON Canals Akron, Ohio Erie Canal (completed 1825) Ohio & Erie Canal (1820s-30s) Effects: Connected major lakes & rivers into a transportation network Linked western farms to eastern cities Connected the nation & stimulated economic growth Steamboats Sped up transportation of Goods & people via rivers Railroads Steam technology leads to development of locomotives & railroad lines Results: Businesses expand Increase demand for iron. Link remote areas of U.S. Allows easier western expansion First steam powered train Typical 19 th century locomotive 1 st Industrial Revolution divides America Mostly in the North Urban growth Factories Better transportation No slave labor The South = Not so much! Mostly agrarian Slavery Fewer/smaller cities Weaker transportation The South (King Cotton) Textile industry in the North & Great Britain Increase in demand for cotton Cotton plantations grow across the South Year Bales of Cotton Produced , : 2,850, : 5,000,000 Growth of Cotton Production in the South Cotton transported north by river & canal system Railroads Leads to expansion of what institution? The Peculiar Institution Cotton boom leads to increase in demand for slaves 1800: 1 Million slaves 1860: 4 Million slaves Growth of Slavery in the South Think & Review Sectionalism is one term historians use to describe the state of the U.S. from 1800 Sectionalism describes the differences that divided the North & South that led to the Civil War How was the North and South different? North South Industrial Agrarian Free states Slave states More urban More rural Better transportation Weaker transportation More nationalistic States rights No western expansion of slavery Want western expansion of slavery Take out paper for Notes Brief Review of the Civil War Election of 1860 Abraham Lincoln elected President of United States (Republican) Pro-economic development of the North For Restricting slavery in the western territories For a protective tariff on northern industry 1860 Electoral Map December 1860 South Carolina Secedes Lincolns election leads to South Carolina leaving the Union By February more States secede from the Union Florida, Georgia Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, & Texas Believed they had the right to leave the Union because of the Tyranny of the North Main Causes of Civil War Economic/social division between North & South The division over the spread of slavery in the territories The issue of States versus Federal rights Growth of the abolition movement in the North Election of Abraham Lincoln February 1861 Confederate States of America Formed Main Characters Abraham Lincoln President of the United States Jefferson Davis President of the Confederate States of America Robert E. Lee Confederate Commander of the Army of Northern Virginia George McClellan Union commander of the Army of the Potomac Removed by Lincoln Ulysees S. Grant Commander of Union forces April 12, 1861 CSA Fires on Fort Sumter; Civil War Begins Major Battles First Battle of Bull Run 1 st major battle. Civilians spectators/picnics CSA army under Stonewall Jackson defeats Union forces. Ended the short war belief of the North. Battle of Antietam Lee invades Maryland hoping for victory on Union soil. McClellan had Lees battle plan and intercepted Lees forces in Sharpsburg, Maryland Bloodiest single day of combat: 22,000 killed/wounded. Lee retreats to Virginia. Britain decides not to recognize the CSA Battle of Vicksburg Vicksburg: CSA fortified city on Mississippi River (in Mississippi). Gen. Grant lays siege to Vicksburg. 7 week artillery attack. CSA surrenders the city and 29,000 soldiers on July 4,1963. Resulted in the Union controlling the whole Mississippi River and cutting off Arkansas, Texas, & Louisiana from the rest of the Confederacy. Battle of Gettysburg (July 1-3, 1863) Lee invades Pennsylvania, looking for supplies & a CSA victory on Union soil. Union and CSA forces meet for 3 day battle in Gettysburg, PA Lee unable to penetrate Union lines. Retreats to Virginia. Lees last offensive battle. Grant chases the rest of the war. Major Battles Emancipation Proclamation January 1,1963: Lincoln signs executive order that frees all slaves in states in rebellion of the United States (C.S.A). I do order and declare that all persons held as slaves within said designated States and parts of States are, and henceforward shall be, free; and that the Executive Government of the United States, including the military and naval authorities thereof, shall recognize and maintain the freedom of such person. - Abraham Lincoln, Emancipation Proclamation Effects of the Emancipation Proclamation Only applied to slaves in C.S.A. Did not immediate free any slaves. Formally committed the U.S. government to policy of abolition. Gave the war a moral purposeUnion soldiers were fighting to end slavery. Slaves gradually freed as Union troops defeated C.S.A. Authorized freed slaves to fight for Union The Thirteenth Amendment To abolish slavery within the Union, Constitutional Amendment required. Passed the House of Representatives on Jan. 31, Ratified by States in December Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. Section 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. Shermans March to the Sea Grant sends Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman & 100,000 soldiers on a march to subdue the South Part of Grants tactic of Total War Designed to break the will of the C.S.A. Shermans March to the Sea Burned cotton fields, barns & houses in their path Captured and set fire to cities of Atlanta, Savannah & Columbia. Surrender at Appomattox Courthouse April 9, 1865: Gen. Lee surrenders to Gen. Grant. Grant treats Lee with respect; allows Lees army to return home.