Thailand Science, Technology and Innovation Policy

& ASEAN Krabi Initiative

By Dr. Yada Mukdapitakyada@sti.or.th

Deputy Secretary GeneralNational Science Technology and Innovation

Policy Office, Thailand

Direction of the 11th National Economic and Social Development Plan 2012-2016

Source: Adapted from Summary of the Direction of the 11th National Economic and Social Development Plan 2012-2016, the Office of National Economic and Social Development Board, 2011

2

1. Thailand has been governed by the constitutional monarchy.

2. Agriculture is the main source of income and food security.

3. The development is based on knowledge and advanced technology.

4. Thai society maintains good values and culture.

5. The community is a key effective mechanism in development.

6. Thailand is a sovereign state and cooperates with other countries in the international community.

3

Economic Performance

Government Efficiency

Infrastructure

Business Efficiency

Overall*

Source: International Institute for Management Development (2004-2011). World Competitiveness Yearbook 2004-2011.

Competitiveness Ranking of Thailand 2004-2011

(By Factor)

Thailand’s Competitiveness (2011): Sub-Factors

4Source: International Institute for Management Development (2011). World Competitiveness Yearbook 2011.

Economic Performance Government Efficiency Business Efficiency Infrastructure

Scientific Infrastructure Ranking

5

Source: International Institute for Management Development (2007-2011). World Competitiveness Yearbook 2007-2011.

Technological Infrastructure Ranking

6Source: International Institute for Management Development (2007-2011). World Competitiveness Yearbook 2007-2011.

Key S&T Indicators (International Comparison)

Remark: 1) Granted patent is the average number between year 2007 and year 2009. 2) Data as of May 2011.Source: Institute for Management Development (2011). IMD World Competitiveness Online 1995-2011. 7

Country Publication (paper)

USA 209,695

China 56,806

Japan 52,896

Korea 18,467

India 18,194

Taiwan 12,742

Sweden 9,914

Thailand 1,728

Malaysia 808

Indonesia 198

Phillipines 195

Country Granted Patent (item)

Japan 153,755

USA 79,803

Korea 64,963

China 47,975

Taiwan 33,296

India 1,385

Singapore 481

Malaysia 224

Thailand 99

Philippines 16

Indonesia N/A

Country R & D personnel ( per 1 , 000 people )

Finland 10 . 50 Taiwan 8 . 52 Sweden 8 . 21 Singapore 7 . 20 Japan 6 . 91 Korea 6 . 06 China 1 . 72 Thailand Malaysia 0.55 Philippines 0 . 19 Indonesia N/A

0.86

Country GERD/ GDP (% of GDP)

Finland 3 . 84 Japan 3 . 45 Korea 3 . 36 Taiwan 2 . 94 USA 2 . 77 Singapore 2 . 27 China 1 . 70 Malaysia 0 . 84 India 0 . 80 Thailand 0 . 24 Indonesia 0 . 05

Drafting Process of The 1st National STI Master Plan

(Draft) National

STIPolicy & Plan

2012-2021

Top down

Bottom up

Expert interviews and focus group meetings

Expert panel consulting

Meetings with government, industry, university, and civic

sector organizations

Important current issues

· social and lifestyle change· economy and trade· geopolitical change· power decentralization· health and emerging diseases · climate change · food safety and security · energy security · scientific and technological

change

Desk research and field surveys

Regional joint-studies of STI demand with partner universities

· Chiang Mai Univ. (Upper North) · Naresuan Univ. (Lower North)· Khon Kaen Univ. (Upper NorthEast)· Suranaree Univ. of Tech. (Lower NE)· Burapha Univ. (East)· Kasetsart Univ. (Central & West)· Prince of Songkla Univ. (South)

Integrated national STI database development

Information Gathering

AnalysisSynthesis Conclusion Output

Nationwide Public Hearings

· Bangkok (STI Policy Office)· Upper North (Chiang Mai Univ.) · Lower North (Naresuan Univ.) · Upper Northeast (Khon Kaen

Univ.)· Lower Northeast (Suranaree U. of

Tech.)· South (Prince of Songkla Univ.) · Central & West (Kasetsart Univ.)· East (Burapha Univ.)

• Public Hearing in the 9th National Congress of STI for Development (January 2011) • The 14 Feb. 2011 Draft• Circulation to agencies for review • The 8 Apr. 2011 Draft

Key Recommendations in the STI Master Plan

Core Policy to be Imple-

mented

Mechanism and tools for

driving

Work plans to address

ASEAN Community

Output and

Outcome

Linkage with the 11th Nat’l

Development Plan and the 8th Nat’l Research

Policy & Strategies

Budgeting

Core Issues Courses Core Issues Courses

Driving Green Innovation policy

to practical implementation

Push for implementation

plans of individual agencies

Phase 1 implementation

plan with an emphasis on

ASEAN integration

Quantitative and Qualitative – identified by

Strategies

Aligning the 1st STI Action Plan

with both National Plans

Programmes/Projects with

specific budget identified in the

1st STI Action Plan

From National STI Master Plan to Action Plans

Suggests ApprovesRecommends the

National STI Policy and Plan

2012-2021

STI Policy Committee Cabinet

STI Policy Office Executive Board

STI Policy Office and Related Agencies

STI Policy Office

STI Policy Committee

STI Policy Office Executive Board

Ministry of Science and Technology

Announces in the Government Gazette and Media

Approves

Supervises and Follows up

Evaluates Revises the

Action Plan

Implements the STI Policy and Plan

Approves

Action Plan

Develops Area-Based/Sector-Specific Action Plans

STI Policy Office

Develops Action Plans

STI

Regionalization(ASEAN+)

Green Innovation

Energy & Environment

Demographic & Social Changes

QualitySociety

Sustainable Economy

Competition & Economic Integration

Conceptual Framework of the National Science Technology and Innovation Master Plan 2012-2021

11

Ageing Society Decentralization

Energy Security

Climate Change

Natural Resource Management

Technological Changes

Creativity Platform

Eco Production& Services

Social & Cultural Mobilization

12 Strategic Sectors

Rice and Rice Products Renewable Energy

Rubber and Rubber Products

Processed Food

Electrical and Electronics

Automotive & Parts

Plastics & Petrochemicals

Fashion (Textiles, Jewelry, Leather)

Tourism

Logistics

Constructions and Related Services

Creative &Digital Contents

Sustainable Economy

12

Strategic Social Issues to be Addressed

Labor Mobility

Social/Inclusive

Innovation

Science Awareness

Science Education

R&D for Society

S&T for Health

S&T for Poverty Reduction & Social

Equity

Quality Society

13

Enhancing Economic

Competitiveness and Flexibility

Empowering Society and Local

Communities

Promoting and Supporting the Development of STI Infrastructure and Enabling Factors

Developing and Enhancing STI Human Capital

Ensuring Energy, Resource and

Environment Security

Geopolitical Change

Climate Change

Green Innovation for Quality Society and

Sustainable Economic Growth

Science Technology and Innovation Strategies for “Green Innovation”

14

Strategy 1: Empowering society

and local communities

Promote STI development to empower local

communities to be more eco-efficient and self-

resilient

Support R&D in social/community enterprises and promote the use of local indigenous wisdom and clean

technology to create value added to local products

Support R&D to improve the quality of health service

and reduce dependency on imported medicine

Strategy 2: Enhancing economic

competitiveness and flexibility

Promote STI development to increase productivity of agricultural, manufacturing

and service sectors

Promote the development of green products and

services for value creation

Support R&D and STI development to alleviate the impact of non-tariff barriers and increase

opportunities for exports

Strategy 3:Ensuring energy,

resource and environmental

securityPromote the development of natural resources and

environmental forecasting models

Promote the development and utilization of STI for

adaptation and mitigation (GHG emission reduction)

Support R&D and utilization STI to increase the use of renewable and alternative

energy

Promote the development of STI for natural resource

and environmental management

3 “Pillar” Strategies and Key Actions

Moderation Reasonableness

Self-Immunity

The Philosophy of “Sufficiency Economy” 15

•Support HRD to increase the ratio of students graduated with bachelor degrees in science and technology to 60%

•Support HRD and provide incentives to increase R&D personnel to 25 persons (FTE) per 10,000 of total population, of which 60% are in the private sector

•Promote science awareness, STI capacity building programs and society of life-long learning

Strategy 4: Developing and enhancing STI human capital

•Improve STI infrastructure and enabling factors to improve the country ranking in S&T infrastructure by IMD

•Increase total R&D investment to 1% of GDP by 2016 and 2% by 2021

•Develop STI infrastructure, policy incentives and legal measures such as regional science parks, national labs, tax incentives, matching grants, VC and IP management system. The goal is to stimulate R&D in the private sector to account for at least 70% of total national R&D investment by 2016.

Strategy 5: Promoting and supporting the development of

STI infrastructure and enabling

factors

2 “Foundation” Strategies and Key Actions

16

• Low Carbon Economy• Rail System• Bio-based Industry

• Inclusive Innovation• Innovative Community

• Regional Science Parks • Tax & Financial Incentives

• Talent Mobility • Science-based Technology Vocational Education

• Alternative Energy Tech• Technology Needs for Climate Change

ASEAN+6Flood

Management

Green Innovation for Quality Society and

Sustainable Economic Growth

“Green Innovation” in Action

17

Government Policy on Science, Technology, Research and Innovation

Expedite the development of a knowledge-based society by developing the population’s general scientific knowledge to match international standards; provide more public knowledge resources through physical means such as science museums and publications and virtual means through the information technology network; and, raise standards on science and technology educational at all levels.

Expedite the production of scientists, researchers and science teachers to match the demands of the country in order to support national development and pave the way for Thailand’s transformation into an innovative knowledge based economy; support professional advancement of researchers and make available opportunities for researchers both in the public and private sectors.

Promote investment and cooperation between the public and private sectors, as well as higher education institutions to foster research and development and technology transfer in support of economic and social development which encompasses the development of local wisdom, agriculture, industrial and service sectors, especially in areas that are vital to national development, such as biodiversity, and in which Thailand possesses high potential.

Increase efficiency of the research management system through forming a cooperative network of relevant agencies, research institutes and higher education institutions to reduce duplication and enhance capacity; formulating a Master Plan with the objective of clarifying research objectives and placing emphasis on creating a comprehensive research plan, from basic research to its application to a finished product, thus maximizing the value chain; and, promoting investment in research with a view to reaching a level equivalent to 2% of the Gross Domestic Product.

Promote the use of space technology and geo-informatics to support natural resources management, agricultural production planning, disaster prevention and relief, raising the standard of living and enhancing national competitiveness

18

R&D/GDP Projection (2012 – 2021)

19

Source: Values from 1999 – 2010 are from the National Survey on R&D Expenditure.Values from 2011 – 2021 are projected by STI Office.

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2

% R

&D

/GD

P

STI Investment Targets

Current

R&D /GDP = 0.24 %

R&D Personnel (FTE)

9.01 : 10,000

R&D expenditure(Private :

Government)38 : 62

Source: National Science Technology and Innovation Policy Office (January 2012)

2009 National Survey on R&D Expenditure and Personnel of ThailandR&D Exp = 21,493 MBR&D Exp : Gov : Private = 13,318:8,175 MBR&D Personnel = 57,220 (man-year)

2564: 2%2559: 1%

(2564) 25:10,000

(2559) 15:10,000

2559-256470:30

20

- 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 -

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00 Israel

Sweden Japan

Taiwan

Finland

GermanyUSA

Korea

Denmark

Australia France

Singapore

NetherlandsCanada

Norway

Philippines

Malaysia

Thailand

Average Russia

China

Luxembourg Belgium

Portugal

LithuaniaBrazil

%Public R&D / GDP

%Private R&D / GDP

Romania

Private R&D/GDP VS. Public R&D/GDP

Sources : IMD

Private 70: Public 30

Target 1%

Private 50: Public 50

Thailand in 201121

ระบบวิ�ทยาศาสตร� เทคโนโลย�และนวิ�ตกรรม

PrivateR&D Centers

PrivateInnovation

Districts

Public Regional/ Community

Science Parks

Systems

Physical/Institutional Infrastructures

Strategic Sectors

R&DTax

Deduction

Promotion of HR

Mobility

Strategic Student Financin

g

ResearcherIncome TaxExemption

IndustrialM.Sc./Ph.D.

Technology TransferSystem

Infra-structureSystem

ManpowerSystem

Mechanisms/Schemes

Innovation Clustering

Mgnt.

MatchingGrants/Equity

Financing/VC

Gov’tProcurement

/Mega-Projects

RailSystem

Hi-Value-Added

IndustriesEnergy

FoodAgriculture… …

Health & Wellbeing

ResearchSystem

Fiscal/Financial System

Demand-based Priority Measures for Human Resources, Infrastructure and Enabling Factors Development 22

Science, Technology and Innovation System

23

Research & Development

Innovation

Technology Transfer

Utilization/Commercialization

Human Resource Development

STI Infrastructure

Enabling Environment

A Snapshot of Government Spending on STI System

(Fiscal Year 2012 – 852 Projects 43,575.52 million Baht)

R&D

Inno

vatio

n

Tech

nolo

gy tr

ansf

er

Comm

ercial

isat

ion

Manpo

wer

Infra

stru

ctur

e

Enab

ling

fact

ors

-

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

7,015

1,829 1,945

6,198

5,353

14,065

7,171

Source: Data from 14 ministries, analyzed by STI Office

24

Krabi Initiative:Science Technology and Innovation (STI) for a Competitive , Sustainable and Inclusive ASEAN

STI Enculturation

Public-Private Partnership

Platform

Bottom-of-the -Pyramid (BOP)

Focus

Youth-focused Innovation

STI for Green Society

Organisational restructure for a meaningful delivery of STI agenda in ASEAN

ASEAN Innovation for Global Market

Green Technology

Digital Economy, New Media & Social Network

Science and Innovation for Life

Biodiversity for Health & Wealth

Energy Security

Water Management

Food Security

Thematic Tracks

Develop mechanisms to pursue partnerships and cooperation with other stakeholders in STI

Paradigm Shift

ASEAN 2015 – Vision of ASEAN Leaders

Rationale Roles of STI – A Balance between Competitiveness and Human Development (People-oriented STI)

Reinventing ASEAN Scientific Community for a Meaningful Delivery of STI Agenda in ASEAN

Courses of Action Enhance ASEAN Plan of Action on S&T for 2012-2015 and leverage the recommendations of the Krabi Retreat

for development of future APAST beyond 2015

Implement monitoring and evaluation mechanism for the implementation of STI thematic tracks

Source: National Science Technology and Innovation Policy Office - Thailand, December 2010

Endorsed by ASEAN S&T Ministers at the 6th IAMMST as a policy framework for STI cooperation in ASEAN

25

KI 8 Thematic Tracks

26

1. ASEAN Innovation for Global Market ASEAN innovation through science and technology can benefit both ASEAN and global markets. Locally, ASEAN indigenous capabilities in products and services can benefit common people, raising quality of life both in the form of appropriate and emerging technologies. Utilizing our locally available resources and innovation can also extend to the global markets and contribute to ASEAN competitiveness.

2. Digital Economy, New Media and Social Networking The revolution of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) paves the way for a more pervasive and knowledge-based society. In this regard, ASEAN in the digital age must make sure the accessibility and affordability of ICT and useful applications covering social networking, mobile communication, disaster management, healthcare improvement and gender equality to name a few.

3. Green Technology Climate change is starting to show visible impact globally. In response to the increasing demand for industrial production to be more environmental friendly, STI should play a pivotal role in upgrading the industry by making use of low-carbon and cleaner technology. STI for mitigation and adaptation to climate change will be crucial for ASEAN sustainable development.

4. Food SecuritySTI plays a vital role in ensuring food security for ASEAN 600 million population. From productivity improvement and optimization, appropriate mechanization of farms, appropriate food safety standards and access to adequate nutritional requirement to modern biotechnology that cater for both food and energy security. ASEAN should also extend our capacity in food production to dialogue partners including China and India.

KI 8 Thematic Tracks (Cont.)

27

5. Energy Security The fluctuation of oil price and the increasing global demand of energy for economic development make it necessary for ASEAN to ensure energy security in the region. STI is vital in increasing energy efficiency and developing next-generation alternative energy sources.

6. Water Resource ManagementRealizing that water is critical to both living and production, ASEAN should utilize STI in effective water management. In order to ensure stable access to clean water, innovations should be extensively promoted to facilitate water utilization and waste water treatment, mitigate disaster from flood and prevent water scarcity.

7. Biodiversity for Health and Wealth ASEAN is one of the most biodiversity-rich region in the world. Efforts should be made in preservation and appropriate use of this resource for the improvement of health and value creation. In this regard, STI is instrumental in collective discovery of new species, developing effective preservation methods and create values from biodiversity and its applications in food, health and energy areas.

8. Science and Innovation for LifeThe future of ASEAN is in the hands of our youth today. ASEAN youth who are well-equipped with science literacy and technology competency are the hope for ASEAN prosperity. Creativity and passion in STI instilled in our youth will pave the way for the capacity building and life-long learning of future ASEAN population. This entails innovative ecosystem in schools, vocational and higher education institutions as well as bridging learning system to professions and career path.

KI 5 Paradigm Shifts

28

STI Enculturatio

n

Bottom-of-the-

Pyramid Focus

Youth-Focused

Innovation

STI for Green

Society

Public-Private

Partnership Platform

Mainstream science, technology and innovation (STI) into ASEAN citizens’ ways of lives. Innovation eco-systems are to be created in ASEAN community at all levels. Due recognitions are given to citizens with outstanding STI achievements as the role models.

Special attention should be given to the majority of the ASEAN population_ the bottom-of-the-pyramid. In this regard, consideration must be accorded to the outcomes of STI addressing on human basic needs such as foods, habitat, health, and access to information and knowledge.

Opportunities for young people to enhance their STI potentials and entrepreneurship are to be enlarged. Examples of measures to be taken include Young ASEAN STI Awards, cross-country attachment program and seed funding to support youth-focused innovations.

Green STI integration platform in its transformation towards low-carbon society. Science-based public awareness on environmental-friendly life style is to be instilled. Appropriate technologies and green innovations are to be promoted among ASEAN member countries in order to become competitive and yet remain sustainable.

Public-Private Partnership should be strengthened through proactive dialogs and establishments of engaging platforms such as government-linked-companies and corporate social responsibility activities.

What’s Next

29

AMMST

COST Advisory Bodies

ABASF

ABAPAST

Cooperation with Dialogue Partners

ASEAN Ministerial Meeting on Science and Technology

Advisory Body on the ASEAN Science Fund

Advisory Body on the ASEAN Plan of Action on Science and Technology

TTF-TW

TWG-NPP

Technical Task Force on Tsunami Warning

Technical Working Groupon Nuclear Power Plant

ASEAN Committee on Science and Technology

SCB SCFST SCIRD SCMG SCMIT SCMSAT SCMST SCNCER SCOSA

Sub-

Com

mitt

ees

Next ASEAN Plan of Action on ST (I)

APAST 2007-2011

6 Flagship

Programs

Krabi Initiative

Inputs from

ASEAN Dialogue Partners

Output of Thai-Lao

STI Cooperat-

ion

National Science, Technology and Innovation Policy Office319 Chamchuri Square Building, 14th FloorPhaya Thai Road, PathumwanBangkok, 10330 ThailandTel: + 66 2160 5432-39 Fax: +66 2160 5438E-mail: info@sti.or.thhttp://www.sti.or.th