thai flooding dr apichart

8/3/2019 Thai Flooding Dr Apichart

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RAPID FLOOD MANAGEMENTASSESSMENT

Lesson to be learned : Worstflood in Modern Thai History


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Reflection on 2011 Flood

Very costly in term of social and

economic impacts

Provide opportunity to learn and

share experiences

Better prepare to handle futureFlood


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Rapid Flood Management assessment

To understand what actually happen

To identify problems and key issues

To conceptualize future framework


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Overview


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Flood scenario


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Total Damages

1.4 Trillion Baht(WB estimate)


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Flood damage

Social Sector Population 13,595,192

Households 4,086,138

Deaths 693 Temples cultural sites 313

Evacuee 1,820,931

Shelters 1,739

Schools 3,088

Bangkok 436

Others 2,652


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Economic Sectors

Agriculture

Inundated farmland 12.61 million ha.

Industry

Inundated Industrial Estate 7

Factories (only Industrial Estate) 838

Workers 382,693

Tourism

Estimated losses 50 billion Baht

Flood damage


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What actually

happen?


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Rainfall record

Accumulated rainfall and major storm events in Thailand during 2011


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Chao Phraya

River Basin

mm

Chao Phraya

River Basin

Heavy rainfall along Chao Phraya River Basin


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Reservoir Operation

Data of inflow, water release and storage of Bhumibol Dam in 2011


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The 2011 operation rule curve of Bhumibol Dam compares with the previous year rule curves


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0

2,500

5,000

7,500

10,000

12,500

0

50

100

150

200

250

1-Jan 1-Feb 1-Mar 1-Apr 1-May 1-Jun 1-Jul 1-Aug 1-Sep 1-Oct 1-Nov 1-Dec

Storage,

MM

Inflo

w,

Release,

MCM

Sirikit Reservoir 2011

Release Inflow Storage Upper Curve Lower Curve Min

Max (avg)

Min

Data of inflow, water release and storage of Sirikit Dam in 2011

50%

HAIMA

NOCK-TEN

HAITANG , NASAT

and NALKAE


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2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

9,000

10,000

11,000

1-Jan 1-Feb 1-Mar 1-Apr 1-May 1-Jun 1-Jul 1-Aug 1-Sep 1-Oct 1-Nov 1-Dec

Inflow,R

elease,

MCM

Sirikit Reservoir 2011

2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 Upper Curve Lower Curve

Max (avg)

Min

Upper Rule Curve

Lower Rule Curve

The 2011 operation rule curve of Sirikit Dam compares with the previous year rule curves


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Data of inflow, water release and storage of Parsakchonlasit Dam in 2011

HAITANG , NASAT

andNALKAE


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Flood Diversion

A sample of water diversion scheme for central and lower Chao Phraya River Basin


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Nakorn Sawan (C2)

Sing Buri (C3)

Ayutthaya (C29)

Locations of gauge station along Chao Phraya River at Nakorn Sawan (C2), Sing Buri (C3), and Ayutthaya (C29) province


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Water level record of Chao Phraya River at Nakorn Sawan, Sing Buri, and Ayutthaya province

Date

01-Aug-11 01-Sep-11 01-Oct-11 01-Nov-11 01-Dec-11

WaterL

evel,MSL(m)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Nakorn Sawan (26.3 m)

Ayutthaya (3.04 m)

Singburi (11.7 m)

16 Sep 13 Oct 28 Oct

5 Sep 23 Oct 15 Nov

24 Sep

25 Oct31 Nov


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Major breaches of flood control infrastructure along Chao Phraya River


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Date

Tidal record at the Royal Thai Navy Station during July to December, 2011


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Pumping stations and drainage canal systems of Bangkok


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Extend of Flooded area

Flood extent map in July 2011 (interpreted from Radarsat image)


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Flood extent map in August, 2011 (interpreted from Radarsat)


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Flood extent map in September, 2011 (interpreted from Radarsat)


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Flood extent map in October, 2011 (interpreted from Radarsat)


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Flood extent map in November, 2011 (interpreted from Radarsat)


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Flood extent map in December, 2011 (interpreted from Radarsat)


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How responsive?


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Name of Committee Responsibility Establishment

date

1 National Committee on Floods, - Oversee and manage national disasters due to floods, tropical storms and mudslides 25-Aug-11

Tropical Storm and Mudslides - Preparedness, prevention, response and recovery of all the major phases

of disaster management

2 Twenty Five River Basin National Joint-Committee - support national water management and flood warning systems 14-Sep-11

3 Flood relief committee - assist the affected populations from flood disaster 12-Oct-11

(the structural, economic, and social subcommittee)

4 Flood Recovery and Restoration Committee - replacement of the flood recovery and restoration committee 4-Nov-11

- to corrordinate the flood relief management for structural, economic,

industrial, and peoples livelihoods and quality of life

5 Public Communication Committee - to improve public information on flood disaster to Thai people 4-Nov-11

6 Strategic Committee for Reconstruction - prepare strategies for reconstruction and national future of sustainable development 10-Nov-11

and Future Development (SCRF)

7 Strategic Committee for - manage water resources with principles of sustainability 10-Nov-11

Water Resources Management (SCWRM)

Government response


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Analytical Observation

Practice approach

Diverse roles and

responsibilities Coordination

Public Communication

Public risk perception

Preparedness


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Lessons to be Learned Structure aspect

Non-structure aspect


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Structure aspects

Highway/ road

Bridge

Sluice gate Flood wall/ Bearier

King dyke

Canal system/ water way

Examples of Highway obstructing natural surface runoff


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Examples of Highway obstructing natural surface runoff


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Examples of bridge obstruct channel flow


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Examples of bridge obstruct channel flow


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Sluice gates under flooding condition


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Various types of flood wall


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yp


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Kingsdykeandfloodretardingarea


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Kings dyke


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Elevation of Kings dyke and flood protection dykes for Bangkok and vicinities


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Example photos of sand bag and temporary earth embankment along kings dyke.


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Two opening were found along kings dyke, leading water flow into

the city and northern Bangkok was flooded.

Canal network


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Canal dreging


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Canal river encroachment


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Maintenance requirement for drainage system


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Non structure aspects


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Non structure aspects

Land use pattern

Town planning

Encroachment of flood plain

Protection wall vs Diversion

Relief efforts/ Evacuation

Informal effort/ social media/ volunteer

Innovation


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Deforestation of Nan Watershed


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Deforestation of Nan Watershed


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Summary


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Abnormal rainfall due to the contribution of

four tropical storms and one typhoon is the

main cause of the 2011 Thailand worstflood.

Change of land use pattern, filling up of

wetlands and lack of town planning increasesurface runoff and retard flood water flow.

Inappropriate planning and improper

engineering design of infrastructure without

consideration of natural water flow pattern

further complicated flood management by

obstructing flow of surface runoff.


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Public awareness and culture of

preparedness with respect to disasterrisks are indispensible.

Maintenance of natural and city

drainage system is essential for

effective flood management.

Community participation and civil

society involvement are

indispensable.


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Observation


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Climate change creates more uncertainty in

weather prediction change, in perception and

practice of all concerned agencies, includingdecision makers

A comprehensive flood management plan to

cope with extreme flooding condition is

called for, however, it is essential not only tostrike for a balance between hard

engineering and soft engineering , but also to

go out of the water box to recognized the

governance issue as demanded by forces of

economic and urbanization


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Natures possess powerful force and are at atime delegate to deal with, may be learn to

live with nature is a better option than toovercome nature. Therefore a recognitionof limits to engineering , but also ofcommunity resilience are called for

With the flooding problem becoming morecomplicate, exercise of common sense andlocal knowledge may simplify anacceptable solution. In this sense ,

attention to conflict management andbroader platform of learning amongstakeholder are essential


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thai flooding dr apichart

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