thab.

Liz ToChristian Blyt 3D Core Design Studio VII

IntentionTo design a template that utilizes unwanted wire hangers from North America to assist in improving the portable dung stove used by Tibetan nomads.

Problems

1.6 millionpeople die = 1 death every 20 seconds

3 billion people in the world are still at risk from indoor pollution due to cooking fuel

Smoke causes respiratory issues, sore eyes and lung cancer

3.5 billionwire hangers in the landfill = 60000 cars

100 years to decompose

Problems

User & SpaceTibetan Nomads

Cooking in tents

Dung as fuel

Metal stove

Solsource

Rocket stove

Existing products

Mood boardPortable

Clean

Sturdy

Natural

Safe

Accessible

Challenges

Prototypes

Using wire hangers to provide strength & trap heat

Keeping it inexpensive

Portable- collapsible v.s. detachable

Changes9th prototype

10th prototype

thab.

Changes9th prototype

15“ Diameter x 12“ Height

12” Diameter x 12” Height

12” Diameter x 14” Height

10th prototype

thab.

Changes9th prototype

10th prototype

thab.

Welded

Handmade, twisting wires

Handmade, twisting & looping wires

Changes9th prototype

10th prototype

thab.

3 hooks

2 movable hooks

2 hooks & overlap

Changes9th prototype

10th prototype

thab.

Clay on elbow & stove body

Clay on elbow, wire in between clay

Clay inside elbow

Changes9th prototype

10th prototype

thab.

Pot holder hangs onto the elbow

Pot holder hangs onto the elbow

Pot holder & one more attachment to position the elbow

FormCylindrical

Height: 14”

Elbow Height: 13”

Diameter: 12”

FormCylinder provides strength

FormCylinder provides strength

Cross strut provides support

FormCylinder provides strength

Overlap layers provides security

Cross strut provides support

Material

Unwanted wire hangers

Stones

Clay

How

Smoke is unburnt gas released from fuel. The hotter the fire is the less smoke it generates.

HowCombustion chamber

Ignites escaping smoke

Provides sufficient oxygen

Traps and leads heat towards the pot

How

Limits fuel. Excessive fuel can create smoke.

How

Grate allows preheated air to flow in

Ashtray

How

Stove body

HowPot holder

Positioner

How

Apply clay on the combustion chamber to trap heat

How

Fill up with stones

Assembly

Use

Use it1

Add paper

Use it2

Add dung

Use it3

Light up

Use it4

Stoke fire

Use it5

Place pot

Use it6

Add dung

PerformanceThree - stone fire

600 Milliliters

thab.

Fuel: 26 sticks

Time : 9 minutes

Smoke Level: High

Fuel: 36 sticks

Time : 6 minutes

Smoke Level: Low

Disassembly

Portable

SystemCollecting

Wire Hangers

Retail Stores

More than 30,000 Dry

Cleaners in the US

Designated Recycling

Bins

SystemCollecting

Wire Hangers

Retail Stores

More than 30,000 Dry

Cleaners in the US

Designated Recycling

Bins

195,040 hangers per container

Shipping with container

System

LOCAL

Collecting Wire Hangers

Retail Stores

More than 30,000 Dry

Cleaners in the US

Designated Recycling

Bins

195,040 hangers per container

Shipping with container

Providing local jobs

System

LOCAL

Collecting Wire Hangers

Retail Stores

More than 30,000 Dry

Cleaners in the US

Designated Recycling

Bins

195,040 hangers per container

Shipping with container

Providing local jobs

Distributing/ trading with Nomads

Conclusion5.6 millionstoves can be made from 3.5 billion wire hangers

Thank you.

Photos of thab. taken by Cemrenaz Uyguner

Other photos:three stones fire- ibreadhunter.blogspot.comtent- overland-2010.blogspot.comcooking inside tent- yak- life.comrocket stove- homegrownevolution.comsolsource- oneearthdesigns.orgMetal stove- http://kekexili.typepad.com/life_on_the_tibetan_plate/2008/02/traditional-t-1.htmlclay- http://www.catherinewhite.com/cw_articles/dance-of-materials/dance-of-materials.html

Process

Spring 2011

Design BriefCooking Problem- three billion people are still primarily dependent on biomass fuels and coal for their every-day household energy needs.“Living in a house with a three-stone fire is the equivalent of smoking 200 cigarettes per day.”

Evidence on the health effects of indoor air pollution has grown in the last 10 years

Indoor pollution- - use the fuel indoors, in open fires or poorly functioning stoves, and usually with inad-equate venting of smoke- The smoke from biomass fuel and coal contains a large number of pollutants that are dangerous to health, including small particles, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide (this mainly from coal), formaldehyde, and carcinogens such as benzo[a]pyrene and benzene.

Health Issues-acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in children- - It means a sudden insult to the lungs on the brochiole/alveolar level that is now result-ing in an inflamatory response by the body.The two most common infections are bronchitis and pneumonia.[ Symptoms include shortness of breath, weakness, high fever, coughing and fatigue.- chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) in adults- is a progressive disease that makes it hard to breathe. “Progressive” means the disease gets worse over time. COPD can cause coughing that produces large amounts of mucus (a slimy substance), wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and other symptoms- lung cancer- where coal is used extensively.

Uncomfortable cooking environment- - smoke causes sore, running eyes, coughs and headaches.

Sustainability problem:- Wire hanger- About 3.5 billion wire hangers get dumped into U.S. landfills every year, according to the Hanger Network. Thats about 60,000 cars. it takes more than 100 years for these wire hangers to decompose- People throw them away due to wire hangers’ look, they get tangled up and they are not good for hanging clothes. - Recycling wire hangers- Removing the coat on wire hanger is difficult. The hooks of wire hangers catch on equipment causing jam. There is a low percentage of steel re-claimed per hanger. Only ten percent of wire hangers get reused again each year.

Improvement of Indoor pollution:It reduces the amount of smoke that is being inhaled for women and children.

Improve health issues:Decrease the possibility of having acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in children, chron-ic obstructive lung disease (COPD) in adults and lung cancer.

Comfortable environment:No sore eye, cough and headaches as the smoke decreases by at least 50 %.

Reuse materials:Wire hangers are durable and they can be made into many different product. 62 hang-ers can make one stove. 3.5 billion hangers get thrown away and 5.6 million stoves can be produced each year from there.

The improved stove will be used inside Nomads’ tents. Tibetan No-mads cook very often therefore the stove will probably be used from morning till night. Tibetan Nomads move after weeks or months therefore they need a portable stove that they could carry from place to place. The design should be durable, sturdy and brings con-venience to Nomads. They usually use the stove for boiling water because they have soup and tea for meals.

The user group will be Nomadic herders in Tibet who still use the tradi-tional three stone fire or stove inefficient stoves. The main user will be women and children as they are usually the ones who take care of the cooking. 40% of Tibetan nomads are still using three stones meth-ods. They earn 100 to 300 US dollars per year and there are still 655000 of them. About half a million of Nomads lives in Chang Tang.

thab. will be produced locally, this will provide jobs for the local and improve the local economy.

Problems thab.’s benefits

Space & user group

Design Brief- Reduce smoke- The goal of this project is to reduce the smoke that can possibly pro-duce from a fire therefore a good combustion chamber is needed.- Reduce cooking time and fuel- To reduce the fuel and cooking time there must be a good heat transfer from the fire to the pot, however it not easy as it has to also re-duce smoke. When the combustion chamber is short the heat transfer better but will pro-duce more smoke. - The use of wire hanger- Wire hanger is durable but it could be a challenge to hold up the amount of weight it could carry. Another problem is a combustion chamber needs to be concealed except for the entrance and exit. Lastly, wire hanger lose its quality from burn over and over again. - Get my user group to buy it- Many have no idea of indoor pollution issues there-fore they may not see the need of it, therefore the product must show a significant differ-ence between three stone fire and thab.- Easy production- easy production reduces time to produce which can also reflect on the cost of thab. Also this can provide a job that everyone can do. - Easy to assemble- it is important to Nomads that thab. must be easy to assemble and convenient as they will be travelling often.

Existing products in Tibet-- Three stones fire- is a traditional method of cooking. Many people in developing countries are still using it. It is cheap and easy to build. High amount of smoke is produced and smoke is trapped indoor. Every year 1.6 million people die from indoor pol-lution and that is one death every 20 seconds.

- Solsource- is a dismountable solar cooker that is made for Tibetan. It uses energy from the sun and produces heat for cook-ing. However many Nomads are not accepting this method be-cause it takes a longer time to heat up their food. They may have to change the stove direction every time the sun moves. Many actually cook when the sun has not risen.

- Mud stove- Mud stove can be built within a day and every time they leave to a new place they will leave the stove behind. Mud stove does produce a lot of smoke while cooking.

- Metal stove with chimney- Many are using metal stoves with chimney. Users find it inconvenient to use. Also it still gets quite smoky inside the tent. It costs around 60 US dollars for medium size and 80 US dollars for bigger size.

Existing successful Products-- Rocket stove- is an efficient stove reduces the amount of smoke, fuel and time to cook. It is simple to build and the most important part of rocket stove is the combustion chamber. Rocket stove controls the use of fuels, creates good air draft into the air, combustion chamber ensures any smoke from fuel will be burned by the fire. Rocket stove one of the most successful stove in re-ducing the amount of smoke. The most inexpensive and smallest stove is 10.96 US dollars excluding shipping and processing costs. The price may change due to fluctuation in currency, transporta-tion and raw material costs.

- Upesi Stove- It is being used in Kenya and it saves a lot of time compare to the three stones fire. It is cylindrical, enclosed and moulded in clay. The fuel for this stove is mostly dung but other fuels can be used too. The mud insulates so heat lost is reduced.

Additional cost- losing the traditional culture.

Lack of information- Locals do not understand how an improved stove can decrease the amount of smoke and how this will improve their health.

Poverty- It is expensive for them to buy a stove.

Main Challenges Research

Why are people not buying existing products

Design BriefMaterials- - Wire hanger (North America)- carbon steel which melts at 1425- 1540 degree Celsius. Many wire hangers dip coated with paint on the wire. The coat can be burnt off by fire, and there isn’t any information stating that burning paint is harmful. - Stone (Local)- Stone can be found everywhere in Tibet especially for Nomads because they will usually stop places near water as well as availability of good forage for their animals. Rocks can be found near mountains and riverbeds. These rocks can secure stove body and adds strength and weight to it. - Clay (Local)- Clay is a type of thermal insulation materials. This means clay can stop heat flowing from one place to another. Why does thermal insulation material minimize heat flow: 1. Conduction : It is the flow of heat from one object to another when the two objects are in physical contact. By placing clay in between it stops the heat flow. Convection: It is the flow of heat in fluids (gases and liquids), for example in air. Radiation: It is the flow of heat from one object to an-other through electromagnetic radiation, which does not require any medium in between for propagation. There are types of clay that can be found in Tibet such as laterite and kaolin. Laterite is a reddish clay-like material, hard when dry, forming a topsoil in some tropical or sub-tropical regions and sometimes used for building. Kaolin is a white min-eral most commonly found in the form of kaolin clay, a fine clay which was originally produced in China. Usually Tibetans will leave it dry for 3 days before firing it. To speed up the process they can light up dung fire around it. They build their own kiln with open fire. It must be fired with greensward and cow dung. They usually fire at noon till evening and take it out the next morning. - Dung (Local) Is hotter than wood fire its temperature can reach up to 950 degree Celsius.

Much information was found in Approvecho Research centre website as my design is related to the rocket stove. Guidelines and information are mostly available in the website. I have also contacted Mike Hatfield for additional information about im-proved stoves in Tibet.

Information ProviderI have contacted a local and understood some of the basic stoves Nomads use as well as the equipments and materials available in Tibet.

Non- profit organization/ Non- governmental organization Tibet AidTibetan Village ProjectWorld Health OrganizationUnited Nations

OthersGlobal Alliance for clean cookstovesApprovecho Research Centre

Research Technical Help

Tentative Sponsorship

Design Brief

Yeshi is a Nomadic Herder and a mother of five children. She and her family moves from one location to another every month. She gets sore eyes every time she cooks but she believes this is normal because this is the traditional cooking method. She spends approxi-mately ten hours in front of the three stones fire every day. Sometimes when she cooks for a long time she gets headache and she coughs.

Pema is a Nomadic Herder and mother of a child who suffers from acute lower respiratory. She understand that her son’s sickness is caused by indoor smoke however the better met-al stoves are too expensive for them because it cost them at least 65 US dollars for a stove and they do not have that much money. She thought of selling all the animals her family owns but that means the whole family has to give up on the Nomadic lifestyle and they may not have any income after selling the animals.

Persona

Design BriefSustanability Criteria-- Thab. should be durable and last for at least a few years until it has to be re-paired.- Thab. is using recycled materials and materials that can be found in where No-madic Herder travel to.- When thab. is no longer wanted it could be recycled.

User Criteria- - Thab. must be safe for users as well as it must be sturdy as hot pots will be on it. - Thab. should be convenient and easy to use so users are willing to use it.

Market Criteria- - Thab. is inexpensive compared to existing products.- The product will be distributed by local non- governmental organizations or from trading with locals in Tibet.

Ergonomic Criteria-- Thab. must be at an appropriate height for user to sit on the ground to use it. - The gap between stove body and combustion chamber must be big enough to fit children hands and women’s hands.

Functional Criteria-- Thab. must be sturdy and safe to use. - Thab. must reduce the amount of smoke that is produced.- Thab. must be convenient and easy enough for users to use as they travel a lot.

Material Research-- Unwanted wire hangers will be collected in North America through dry clean-ers (more than 30000 in US), recycling depot and designated places for collecting wire hangers such as retail stores or a bin like recycling books. These unwanted wire hang-ers will then be shipped to Tibet. One 40 ft container can carry 195040 hangers and the cost of shipping a container from North America to China is 3567 US dollars which means one hanger costs 0.01 cent. One stove needs 62 hangers to produce which means the cost of material for one stove is 1 dollar and 10 cents. - Other materials must be inexpensive and locally available. The best will be use free resource from the place they go to.- Materials must be safe to use.

Sustanability Criteria-- Thab. should be durable and last for at least a few years until it has to be re-paired.- Thab. is using recycled materials and materials that can be found in where No-madic Herder travel to.- When thab. is no longer wanted it could be recycled.

User Criteria- - Thab. must be safe for users as well as it must be sturdy as hot pots will be on it. - Thab. should be convenient and easy to use so users are willing to use it.

Market Criteria- - Thab. is inexpensive compared to existing products.- The product will be distributed by local non- governmental organizations or from trading with locals in Tibet.

Ergonomic Criteria-- Thab. must be at an appropriate height for user to sit on the ground to use it. - The gap between stove body and combustion chamber must be big enough to fit children hands and women’s hands.

Functional Criteria-- Thab. must be sturdy and safe to use. - Thab. must reduce the amount of smoke that is produced.- Thab. must be convenient and easy enough for users to use as they travel a lot.

Material Research-- Unwanted wire hangers will be collected in North America through dry clean-ers (more than 30000 in US), recycling depot and designated places for collecting wire hangers such as retail stores or a bin like recycling books. These unwanted wire hang-ers will then be shipped to Tibet. One 40 ft container can carry 195040 hangers and the cost of shipping a container from North America to China is 3567 US dollars which means one hanger costs 0.01 cent. One stove needs 62 hangers to produce which means the cost of material for one stove is 1 dollar and 10 cents. - Other materials must be inexpensive and locally available. The best will be use free resource from the place they go to.- Materials must be safe to use.

Project Criteria Project Criteria

Design BriefManufacturing and Production-- Thab. can be produced with no machinery and anyone who can bend wire can build it. - Only basic tools will be needed such as wire cutter and pliers.

Aesthetics Criteria- - Thab. is a more functional product than an aesthetic product, however it should give people a feeling of sturdiness and safe to use. - Thab. gives users a feeling a natural traditional stove as well as using modern materials.

Limitation, Standards, References-- Information are provided from Approvecho Research Centre. They have guide-lines on how to build an improved rocket stove.

Distribution-- Thab. is distributed by non- profit organizations as well as the locals. However it will be the best if non- profit organizations distribute them because they can explain the problem that Nomads can be facing if they keep using the traditional stove.

Cost Criteria-- The only cost for thab. is the cost of collecting wire hangers, shipping them, pro-ducing thab. and distributing them. - Thab. should be inexpensive as the material of the thab cost zero dollar. - Local production with no machinery helps to decrease the cost of production.

Exposure level- Women and children will be the people who mainly use the product throughout the day within their tent. They boil water for almost the whole day therefore the stove is used for a long time.

Cost - It should be inexpensive as the material is free and the only cost will be the production cost and distribution. It should be sold at a price where they can afford it.

Local environment- The fuel for this stove is dung which they are able to get as they own yaks.

Regional and global environment- thab. will decrease the amount of smoke pro-duced.

Risk of injury- Potential harm is burning the coat of the hanger. Injury from carrying heavy rocks especially for kids and women.

Local employment – thab. is produced locally in Tibet. It provides them a job and they will also be able to distribute them.

Acceptance and suitability- They are willing to try metal stove but it is too expen-sive for them to afford it, however the people who tried using it found it inconvenient.

http://dailynightly.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2007/08/24/4373091-what-to-do-with-your-wire-hangerhttps://www.woodenhangersdirect.com/The-Convenient-Truth-Concerning-Hangers-and-the-Environment.htmlhttp://nowirehangersbiz.com/factsAddressing the Links between Indoor Air Pollution, Household Energy and Human Healthhttp://factsanddetails.com/china.php?itemid=209&catid=6&subcatid=35http://www.paceproject.net/Userfiles/File%5CEnergy%5Cimproved%20stoves.pdfhttp://www.unescap.org/esid/psis/population/database/chinadata/tibet.htmhttp://www.stepin.org/casestudy.php?id=upesistove&page=3http://www.rocketstove.org/http://kekexili.typepad.com/life_on_the_tibetan_plate/2008/02/traditional-t-1.htmlhttp://containers.internationalshippingusa.com/Home.aspxhttp://www.tutorvista.com/physics/thermal-insulation-materialshttp://en.tibettour.com.cn/geography/200412006628164455.htmhttp://www.hangerchina.com/Products.asp#http://www.smartmoney.com/spending/deals/10-things-your-dry-cleaner-wont-tell-you-13908/http://www.lonelyplanet.com/china/tibet/weatherhttp://www.goshen.edu/art/DeptPgs/rework.htmlhttp://www.infoplease.com/spot/clay.htmlhttp://cleancookstoves.org/overview/what-is-a-clean-cookstove/http://factsanddetails.com/china.php?itemid=209&catid=6&subcatid=35

Project Criteria thab. Criteria

Reference

Process

Global Alliance for Clean Cookstove- Save lives by reducing exposure of smoke- Empower women through productive enterprise associated with stove use, distribu-tion, and production.- Improve livelihood by reducing disease, treking time, save money and social benefits.- Combat climate change by reducing black carbon and green house effects.- Advance Millennium Development Goals

Mission StatementTo save lives, improve livelihoods, empower women, and combat climate by creating a thriving global market for clean and efficient household cooking solution.

Notes taken from ethos conference.

Inspiration ethos conference

ProcessDrawings

ProcessDrawings

ProcessDrawings

ProcessDrawings

Process Pictures1st Prototype 27th Jan 2nd/ 3rd Prototype 3rd Feb

Process Pictures4th/ 5th Prototype 10th Feb 6th/ 7th Prototype 16th Feb

Process Pictures8th Prototype 24th Feb 9th Prototype 3rd Mar

Process Pictures10th Prototype 17th Mar 11th Prototype 24th Mar

Process PicturesUser testing 9th/10th Prototype 17th Mar

User 1Sex: MaleAge: 50s 9th 10th Assembly time: 4 mins 3 mins

Fill stone: 1 min 30 2 mins 30

Stove size: like smaller good

Grate: better for wood

Stove height: Fine height

User 3Sex: MaleAge: 20s 9th 10th Assembly time: 6 mins 4 mins

Fill stone: 2 mins 2 mins

Stove size: good like smaller

Grate: better for wood

Stove height: Fine height

User 2Sex: FemaleAge: 40s 9th 10th Assembly time: 7 mins 4 mins

Fill stone: 2 mins 30 2 mins 5

Stove size: like smaller good

Grate: better for wood

Stove height: Fine height

User 4Sex: FemaleAge: 20s 9th 10th Assembly time: 4 mins 25 4 mins

Fill stone: 3 mins 2 mins 21

Stove size: like smaller good

Grate: better for wood

Stove height: Fine height

Process PicturesPerformance testing 10th Prototype/ 3 Stone Fire 17th Mar

thab.12” high

Water Boil time: 17 minutes

Level of smoke: Low

Amount of fuel: 72 sticks

Findings: Fire is controlled. Smoke is notica-bly less than 3 stone fire. No eye sore, no uncomfortable feelings. It take quite long to get the water boiled.

3 Stones Fire4” high

Water Boil Time: 7 minutes

Level of Smoke: Very high

Amount of fuel: 45 sticks

Findings: Smoke is visible after 1 minute. It is continously visible. Uncontrolled fire that come outward. Sore eye and uncomfort-able feeling. Takes way shorter time for the water to boil. Heat reaches faster when the fire is closer.

Process PicturesPerformance testing Final Prototype/ 3 Stone Fire April

thab.12” high

Water Boil time: 6 minutes

Level of smoke: Low

Amount of fuel: 36 sticks

3 Stones Fire4” high

Water Boil Time: 9 minutes

Level of Smoke: Very high

Amount of fuel: 26 sticks

Top view

Front view Side view Bottom view

Grate Ash tray

13” 14”

12”3.5”

12.5”

2 7/8”

6”

9” 8”

38Wire

4 .5”

1”

6 1/8”

6 1/8”

4 ”

Dimensions

Final Prototype

Final Prototype

Final Prototype