textiles and production - libvolume8.xyz filetextiles and production 2 chapter objectives discuss...

Textiles and Production Textiles and Production

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Chapter 6

Textiles and Production

Textiles and Fashion


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Chapter Objectives

Discuss the fiber properties that determine

appropriate end use and quality of fabrics.

Identify the main natural fibers.

Identify the main manufactured fibers.

Explain the importance of fabric in fashion.

Discuss how synthetic fibers are produced.

Identify the two primary methods for making

fibers into fabrics.


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Fabrics and Fibers

The basic building blocks

for all fabrics are fibers.

fabrics long pieces of

cloth

Section 6.1

fibers thin, hairlike

strands that are the basic

units used to make fabrics

and textile products

Fashion and Fibers

Section 6.1

Characteristics of Fibers

Different fibers have specific properties

that affect the characteristics of fabric.

Appearance Strength Absorbency

Warmth Shrinkage Price

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Fabrics and Fibers

Yarns are spun from

fibers and are used to

make fabric.

yarns uninterrupted

threads of textile fibers

that are ready to be

turned into fabrics

Section 6.1

Fibers are spun into yarn, and the yarn is used to make fabric

Fashion and Fibers

Section 6.1

Types of Fibers

Manufactured Natural

Plant Animal Synthetic

Chemical

compounds

derived from

petroleum or

natural gas

Cellulosic

Made from

plants

combined with

chemicals

Leathers and furs are not fibers,

but they are used in the

apparel industry.

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Natural Fibers

Natural fibers are a main

product in the fashion

industry.

natural fibers textile

fibers made from plants

or animals

Section 6.1

Natural Fibers to Know:

�Cotton

�Linen (Flax)

�Wool

�Silk

�Leather/Suede

�Fur

Natural Fibers

Section 6.1

*Cotton

Disadvantages Advantages

• Comfortable

• Absorbent

• Washable

• Strong

• Inexpensive

• Shrinks in hot water

• Wrinkles easily

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The most important

textile fiber used by the

fashion industry

*END USES: Wide range

of apparel: blouses,

dresses, skirts, pants,

underwear, linens

Natural Fibers

Section 6.1

Linen


• Strong • Comfortable • Absorbent • Durable • Lint-free

• Wrinkles easily • Can be expensive • Shrinks • Holds creases

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Linen is a fabric made

from the woody stem

of the flax plant.

*END USES: dresses, suits, jackets,

home furnishings, draperies, table

linens,dish towels

Linen originally used for bedding –

that’s where we got the name “linens”

Natural Fibers

Section 6.1

*Wool


• Warm • Lightweight • Wrinkle-resistant • Absorbent • Comfortable • Durable

• Shrinks with heat and moisture

• Needs special care, dry cleaning

• Scratchy on skin

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Wool fibers come from the

shaved hair of sheep or lambs.

Also can be from Cashmere or

Angora goat hair fibers.

*END USES: sweaters, coats, suits,

jackets, skirts, socks, scarves.

Also: carpets, upholstery and blankets.


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Natural Fibers

Silkworm cocoons are

used

to make silk fiber, the only

natural-filament fiber.

filament a very long,

fine, continuous thread

Section 6.1

Natural Fibers

Section 6.1

Silk


• Soft

• Drapes well

• Dyes and prints well

• Very strong

• Lightweight

• Expensive

• Needs special care,

dry cleaning

• Stains with water

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END USES: evening gowns,

wedding gowns, lingerie, scarves,

neckties. Also: curtains and

decorative pillows

Natural Fibers

Section 6.1

Leather – made from animal skins through a process called “tanning”. Can be made into “suede” with special equipment.


• Durable

• Comfortable

• Warm

• Scarce

• Expensive

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*END USES: Coats, jackets,

shoes, handbags, gloves, belts.

Also: upholstery and decorating

accessories

Natural Fibers

Section 6.1

Fur- soft, hairy coat of an animal


• Durable

• Soft

• Flexible

• Warm

• Scarce

• Expensive

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*Some consumer groups

advocate discontinuing

the use of fur products,

which has resulted in

the production of faux,

or imitation, fur.

END USES:

coats, jackets, hats.

Also: bed throws, rugs.


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Manufactured Fibers

Manufactured fibers – costs less than natural fibers.

manufactured fibers

fibers created by a

manufacturing process

of any substance that is

not a fiber

Section 6.1

Manufactured Fibers to Know:

�Rayon

�Nylon

�Polyester

�Acrylic

�Spandex

�Microfibers

�Lyocell


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Manufactured Fibers

�Nylon was invented in 1938 and was the first synthetic

fiber. Nylon is made from petrochemicals.

�Acrylic was originally used for blankets and sweaters

because it resembles wool. Today year-round sweaters

and socks are made with acrylic.

�Polyester was first produced commercially in 1953 and is

the most widely sold synthetic fiber in the world.

Section 6.1


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Manufactured Fibers �Spandex dramatically changed the swimwear and

foundations (underwear) industry. Spandex can stretch

over 500 percent without breaking. The brand name for

spandex is Lycra®.

�A new trend in fashion is the use of microfiber fabrics.

Fabrics made from microfibers provide gentle drape and

incredible softness.

�Lyocell is the newest of the cellulosic manufactured fibers. The chemicals used in production are recycled,

and lyocell is biodegradable.

Section 6.1


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Manufactured Fibers

Microfiber technology

produces fibers that weigh

less than 1.0 denier.

denier a unit of

measurement used to

identify the thickness or

diameter of a fiber

Section 6.1

Two times finer than silk

Three times finer than cotton

Eight times finer than wool

100 times finer than a

human hair


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Fiber Trade Associations

The leading natural fiber trade associations

include:

Section 6.1

Cotton Incorporated

National Cotton Council

Woolmark Americas, Inc.

Mohair Council of America


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What are the four main natural fibers?

Cotton, linen, wool, silk

What are the primary advantages and

disadvantages of leather/suede? Advantages: durable, comfortable, warm

Disadvantages: scarce, expensive

What are three more recent manufactured

fibers?

Spandex, microfiber, lyocell

1.

2.

3.

Section 6.1

6.1 6.1


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Chapter 6

Textiles and Production

Making Textiles

Textile Processes: Past and Present � The first modern factories for natural fiber textiles were built

during the Industrial Revolution of the 18th century in England.

Section 6.2

Eli Whitney invented the

cotton gin in 1793.

In 1801, Joseph Jacquard

invented a loom that

automated the placement of

threads in the weaving

process.

In the early 1800s, the steam

engine powered more than

100,000 looms and 9 million

spindles in Britain.

Today, technological

advances have enabled the

invention of synthetic fibers

and computerized textile

processes.

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Making Synthetic Fibers

Most synthetic and

cellulosic manufactured

fibers are created by

extrusion.

A finished fabric is

ready to be used for

manufacturing garments

Section 6.2

extrusion a synthetic textile process in which solid raw materials are dissolved by

chemicals or melted with heat to form a thick liquid that is

extruded, or forced out,

through the tiny holes of a device called a spinneret to

create long fibers

finished fabric fabric that has gone through all the necessary finishing processes

and is ready to be used in the

manufacturing of garments


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How Fibers Become

Fabrics:

Weaving and knitting are the two primary methods

for making fibers into fabric.

Section 6.2


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Weaves and Knits

• Weaves are usually

made on a loom, which

interlaces two sets of

yarns at right angles to

each other.

• Large quantities of

fabrics are produced by

industrial looms.

Section 6.2

weaves woven fabrics

that are composed of

two sets of yarns with

one set running the

length and the other set

running crosswise


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Types of Weaves and Knits

Some knits have their yarns

running along the length of

the fabric, while others have

their yarns running across

the width of the fabric.

Section 6.2

knits knitted fabrics

made from only one set

of yarns that runs in the

same direction

Knit fabrics are held

together by looping the

yarns around each

other, which gives

natural flexibility and

stretch.


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Textiles and Fashion

Marketing - Summary � Yarns and fibers are transformed into fabrics through

the magic of creativity and technology, which play a

major role in the characteristics and final designs of

finished fabrics.

� Textiles, including fibers, yarns, and fabrics as well as

fur and leather are the basic building blocks of all

fashion products that are marketed to consumers.

Section 6.2


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What are the four main natural fibers?

Cotton, linen, wool, silk

What are the primary advantages and

disadvantages of leather/suede? Advantages: durable, comfortable, warm

Disadvantages: scarce, expensive

What are three more recent manufactured

fibers?

Spandex, microfiber, lyocell

1.

2.

3.

Section 6.1

6.1 6.1


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How are synthetic fabrics produced?

Most synthetics are created by the extrusion process.

What are the two primary ways of turning

fibers into fabric?

Weaving and knitting

Name an invention that greatly increased

speed of processing of fibers?

Steam engine or loom or computerized processes

4.

5.

6.

Section 6.2

6.2 6.2


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8. Explain how and why

natural fiber

associations promote

their industry.

Critical Thinking

Checking Concepts

Weaves are woven

fabrics that are

composed of two

sets of yarns with

one set running the

length and the other

set running

crosswise. Knits are

knitted fabrics made

from only one set of

yarns that runs in

the same direction.

7.

7. Explain the difference

between weaves and knits. Weaves are woven fabric composed of

2 sets of yarns running lengthwise and

crosswise. Knits are knitted fabrics made

from only 1 set of yarns running in same

direction.

With the development

of synthetic fibers in

the 20th century,

natural fiber industries

had to compete to

maintain markets.

Thus, they formed

associations to

provide information to

consumers and

business and to

promote natural fibers.

8.


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Chapter Objectives

Discuss the fiber properties that determine

appropriate end use and quality of fabrics.

Identify the main natural fibers.

Identify the main manufactured fibers.

Explain the importance of fabric in fashion.

Discuss how synthetic fibers are produced.

Identify the two primary methods for making

fibers into fabrics.

textiles and production - libvolume8.xyz filetextiles and production 2 chapter objectives discuss...

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