TEXT STRUCTURETEXT STRUCTUREHow it fits together…

SequenceBrainstorm experiences that call for a series

of steps, events, or follow an order.Following a recipeTelling a storyOver-seeding a lawn

Narrative Structure-

SEQUENCEDefine it:A sequence of events or steps in a

process are being explainedOrder

SequenceQuestions

What happened?In what order did the events or stages

happen?

SequenceSignal Words

After, afterward, as soon as, before, during, finally, first, following, immediately, initially, later, meanwhile, next, not longer after, now, on (date), preceding, second, soon, then, third, until, when.

Sequence

Golden Eagles soar high along ridges near their nests. Here, they search for prey. When they spot “a meal,” they attack it in a long swoop. Then, they return with it to their nests.

Description

Think about how you would…Create a verbal picture of a friendCreate a verbal picture of Arrowhead

Stadium during a Chief’s gameSummarize the main theme of a movie

and how that theme was maintainedWhich do you like best? Football or

Basketball? Why?

Expository Structure

DESCRIPTIONDefine it:An overall impression is being created and

developed through sensory details or a main idea is being supported through supporting details.

Description

QuestionsWhat is the main idea?What are the supporting details?Who or What is this about?What is the least important information about

the who or what?What is the dominant impression?What are the sensory impressions?

Description

Signal WordsFor example, for instance, most important,

above, as in, appears to be, looks like, such as, across, along, between, in back of, in front of, outside, inside, to the right, left, etc.

Description

Golden Eagles are powerful raptors with large dark brown bodies and small heads with golden crowns. Their wings are strong and can span 78 inches. They have a short, dark, hooked beak and when they pierce their prey with their long, slender talons, they not only break the skin, they break the bones as well.

Cause and Effect StructureCAUSE AND EFFECT

How many of you left the house a little later than you planned today? Why? What was the cause? What was the result or effect.

Expository Structure-CAUSE AND EFFECT

Define it:

Evidence of cause(s) and the subsequent effect(s) are presented.

Cause and Effect StructuresCAUSE AND EFFECT

Cause and Effect helps to understand relationships between

Historical Events

Problem elements in math

Events in plot in stories, novels, plays.

Processes in science

Cause-Effect StatementsCAUSE AND EFFECT

How do these two statements differ?

The ball hit and the bell rang.

The ball hit the target and the bell rang to signal a hit.

One Cause, One Effect StatementsCAUSE AND EFFECT

When John does not get praise from his coach, he is rude to his teammates.

John Steinbeck became famous shortly after he wroth The Grapes of Wrath.

After the drivers’ education course was cancelled, several angry parents wrote letters to the school board.

Once Cause and One EffectCAUSE AND EFFECT

The rock group performed last night despite the protest raised by two groups of concerned citizens.

The surgeon became more worried once the second series of hemorrhages had taken place.

Multiple Causes and EffectsCAUSE AND EFFECT

I will loan Angela twenty dollars since she is trustworthy, honest, and my best friend.

Though he never rode the bus to school, Tom was always on time because he lived only two blocks away and set his alarm early every day.

Multiple Cause and EffectsCAUSE AND EFFECT

Years ago, a United States senator began to worry about how federal money was being spent. He studied some research projects and felt they were silly. He checked on what the government was paying for certain supplies and equipment. From these, he invented the Golden Fleece Award. Each year it is given to the most foolish governmental expense item.

CAUSE AND EFFECT

Questions

What are the causes and effects of this event?

What might happen if this happens?

CAUSE AND EFFECT

Signal Words

Because, therefore, as a result, because of, if…then, may be due to…, when…then, typically, for this reason, consequently, effects of, is caused by, thus, in order to…

CAUSE AND EFFECT

Many Bald eagles were killed by pesticides and illegal hunting. As a result, they were in danger of becoming extinct.

Comparison - contrast

Tell how 2 movies, characters, books, etc. are alike and different.

How are the skills needed to do ________ and __________ alike? Different?

Brainstorm IdeaCategories

Subject A

Orange

Subject B

Apple

shape color taste

Expository Structure-COMPARE/CONTRAST

Define it:

Similarities and differences are presented and discussed in text.

COMPARE/CONTRAST

Questions

What qualities of each thing correspond to one another?

What are similar and different qualities of these things?

COMPARE/CONTRAST

Signal Words

Although, as well as, as opposed to, with, different from, either…or, even though, however, on the other hand, instead of, in common, similar to, similarly, likewise, still, etc.

COMPARE/CONTRAST

Golden Eagles are more apt to hunt for prey, while Bald Eagles are more likely to take an easy meal.

Problem-Solution

Brainstorm problems and solutions

Running out of gas on the way here today Calling AAA- not a member Walking to the nearest gas station – too far Called a friend to bring gas

Expository Structure-PROBLEM AND SOLUTION

Questions

What is the problem? What are possible solutions? How will the solution be implemented?

PROBLEM/SOLUTION

Signal Words

Therefore, for this reason, consequently, in response to, thus, in order to…

Cause – Effect? Problem – Solution?PROBLEM AND SOLUTION

When he could no longer get along with his parents, he moved to his own apartment.

The hurricane knocked out power lines so people resorted to using candles.

Riots erupted in many cities after the news of Martin Luther King’s death.

PROBLEM AND SOLUTION

When a raptor species declines and becomes endangered, scientists take wild bird eggs to raise in captivity and increase the number of birds.