TEST #1 LESSON NOTES

US History

Strategies for colonization

-Spain-Government Financed-Central and South America-England – Joint-stock companies – Atlantic coast of North America-France – more cooperative with Natives - Canada

Effects of Europeans on Indians

Diseases which led to deathLoss of land to European WhitesResistance – King Philip’s War

African slaves

-Introduced in Caribbean by Spain based on an agricultural economy-Plantations—large land holdings-1619 – Jamestown—tobacco -“Middle Passage”—slave passage to New World from Africa-Forced importation of Africans to the New World-Some slaves lived as indentured servants who eventually gained their freedom

Triangular Trade

Colonial Region Settlement

New EnglandMiddle

Southern

Map of Colonial Regions

New England

Religious Freedom Puritans – intolerant of othersMayflower Compact – “covenant community”

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CbjWqsC0LpkTown Meetings – “Athenian” direct democracyRhode Island – Puritan dissenters

those who challenged the Puritans’ belief and the connection between religion and government

Fishing, Shipbuilding, small scale subsistence farming, and Lumber

“Puritan Work Ethic”

Mayflower Compact

Middle Colonies

English, Dutch, and GermanReligious Freedom and Economic Opportunity –

tolerant of other religionsMore flexible social structureIncorporated a number of democratic principles that

reflected the basic rights of EnglishmenQuakers – Pennsylvania (William Penn)Huguenots and Jews –New YorkShipbuilding, small scale farming, commerce and trade

Middle Class of skilled artisans, entrepreneurs (business owners), and small farmers

Seaports – New York City, and Philadelphia

William Penn

Virginia and Southern Colonies

Economic Opportunity – “Free Enterprise” Jamestown – London Company (1607)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GEDXUi7Hqsc House of Burgesses (General Assembly)—farmers had a role in representative

legislatures Indentured Servants—agreed to work on plantations to pay for passage to the

New World Plantations

Plantations were located on the Eastern Coastal Lowlands (Tidewater) Cash crops—tobacco, rice, and indigo grown for export African slaves provided labor/slave based economy

Poor Shenandoah Valley and Appalachian foothills Scots Subsistence farming

“Cavaliers” nobility who received large land grants Dominated colonial government and society

Maryland – Catholics Southern colonies had close ties to the Church of England (Anglican Church) Family Status – Politics Slavery based economy eventually leads to American Civil War

Jamestown

“Great Awakening”

A religious movement that swept both Europe and the colonies in the mid-1700s

Led to rapid growth of evangelical religions Baptists and Methodists

Challenged established Government and religious order

Helped lay social foundations for American Revolution

French and Indian War

War between England and France over land in New World

England wins and the French are driven from Canada and areas west of Appalachian Mountains

After winning, England takes several steps that angered the colonists Proclamation of 1763—prohibited colonial settlement

west of the Appalachian Mts. New Taxes—Stamp Act Quartering Act

Events leading to Separation

Boston Massacre British troops fired on Anti-British demonstrators

Committees of Correspondence Help unify the colonies Colonies corresponded to each by letter

Boston Tea Party Caused Great Britain to pass the Intolerable Acts,

closing Boston harbor until tea was paid for1st Continental Congress—All representatives

except Georgia—near complete unity

Ideals – John Locke - Enlightenment

Natural Rights of Man All men are free and equal People have the rights to life, liberty, and property

Social Contract Theory Power with people Established a system of ordered liberty Limited power of the government People have the right to rebel if government breaks contract

Taxation without RepresentationHis ideas were radical for the time—challenging old

world order of government (emperors, kings, etc.)

Common Sense—Thomas Paine

Thomas Paine—first to assert the right to form a new nation

His Common Sense contributed to growing sentiment for independence

Thomas Paine

Declaration of Independence—Thomas Jefferson (from Virginia)

Reflects the views of Locke and Paine People created equal Natural rights of all men Power by consent of governed (people) Right to rebel Detail of grievences as described in Common Sense

Thomas Jefferson

Effect of the Declaration of Independence

Increased political, social, and economic participation Political participation (equality)

Extending the franchise (right to vote) Upholding due process Free public education

Social participation (liberty) Abolish slavery Rights for women and minorities

Economic participation Free enterprise system Economic opportunity Protecting property rights

Difference among the colonists before revolution

Patriots Complete independence from Great Britain Locke, Patrick Henry, George Washington (leader)

Loyalists (Tories) Loyal to Great Britain Believed taxation of colonies by GB was justified

Neutralists Tried to stay uninvolved

Factors leading to colonial victory

Diplomatic Ben Franklin negotiated a Treaty of Alliance with

France War did not prove popular in Great Britain

Military George Washington—leader of American Army

He avoided any situation that threatened the destruction of his army

His leadership kept the army together America had help from France (army and navy) a the

Battle of Yorktown

George Washington

Major Battles

Lexington and Concord – Minutemen First shots of the war Meant no chance of a peaceful resolution

Saratoga—turning point of the war Convinces France to join the war on the side of the

colonists Proved the colonists may have a chance at winning the war

Yorktown (1781)—where Great Britain surrendered to the colonists

Treaty of Paris ending the war established the western boundary of the United States as the Mississippi River

Minutemen

Battles of Lexington and Concord

British surrender @ Yorktown