tesol thesis guidelines

HO CHI MINH CITY OPEN UNIVERSITY

G R A D U A T E S C H O O L 97 Vootilde Vaecircn Taagraven Ward 6 District 3 Ho Chi Minh City

Tel 84-8-39300947 Fax 84-8-39300085

Email postgraduateoueduvn Website wwwoueduvn

THESIS GUIDELINES

Required length

The university requires the writing and acceptance of a master‟s thesis of approximately 20000 words (but not

more than 45000 words)

Typing specifications

Most important in typing a thesis is consistency of format and adherence to the specific instructions given in

this guide

1 Text should be printed on one side of A4 (297 mm x 210 mm) sheets

2 Size point 13 (Times New Roman or Arial) and one-andndasha-half spacing of typescript should be used in

the main body of the thesis

3 Every single page in the thesis must be numbered at the bottom center except the title page (The title

page counts as a page but does not include a page number) The lead (prefatory) pages up to the

beginning of the text are to be numbered with lower case Roman numerals (eg i ii iii iv etc)

Beginning with the first page of the text all page numbers must be in Arabic numerals beginning with

the number ldquo1rdquo and continuing consecutively The bibliography and appendices must also be

numbered following the rest of the thesis

4 The margins on each sheet must be 35 cm at the top 3 cm at the bottom 35 cm on the left hand side

and 2 cm on the right hand side

5 Chapters should be written using at least major and minor headings with the levels of headings

numerically distinguished eg

1

11

111

Each level of heading should be typed consistently throughout

6 Begin each chapter on a new page Do the same with each element of the front matter (list of tables

acknowledgements etc) the reference section and each appendix Try to avoid typing a heading near

the bottom of a page unless there is room for two lines of text following the heading Instead you

should simply leave a little extra space on that page and begin the heading on the next page

The major features of a thesis

Cover page

Title page

Statement of authority Certificate of originality (a declaration that the thesis has not previously been

submitted for a degree or similar award at another institution)

Retention and use of the thesis (optional)

Acknowledgements

Abstract

Table of contents

List of figures

List of tables

List of abbreviations and symbols

Introduction

Chapters in sequence

Conclusion

Bibliography

Appendices

Abstract

An abstract is a concise summary of the thesis intended to inform prospective readers about its contents The

abstract indicate the problem investigated the procedures followed the general result obtained and the major

conclusions reached It should not contain any illustrative material or tables

The main chapters

Chapter 1 Introduction

The introduction may include an explanation of author‟s own background and motivation to undertake this

particular piece of research The introduction should end with the general question which the thesis sets out to

answer

The introduction can include the following

Background to the study

Statement of purpose Rationale of the study

Research questions

Significance of the study

Overview of thesis chapters

Chapter 2 Literature Review

The role of the literature review in thesis is to provide a critical review and analysis of the literature relevant to

your particular topic The purpose of a literature review can be to

Summarize and evaluate past research

Show similarities and differences in previous research

Give an overview of controversies in past research

Place your own research into context

Show a gap in research

Generate new research hypotheses

The literature review should meet certain requirements

Most of the citations should be recent (preferable in the last five to seven years) Earlier studies should

only be cited if they appear to be classic landmark studies

Literature reviews should cite works from journals books or government document

Chapter 3 Methodology

The Methodology Chapter tells your reader bdquohow‟ you carried out the research that was needed to answer your

research questions It may have sections that explain

WHEN the study was carried out

WHERE the study was carried out

WHAT materials techniques samples data approaches theoretical frameworks were used in the

study and

HOW the study was carried out WHAT procedures were used

Chapter 4 Results and Discussion

The results discussion and conclusion sections of a thesis may appear as separate chapters or may be

combined in different ways There models below show the possible combinations

Model 1 Model 2 Model 3

Results Results amp Discussion

Results

Discussion Discussion amp Conclusion

Conclusion Conclusion

These models are taken from Murrison E amp Webb C (1991) Writing a research paper From the series

Writing Practice for University Students

You may also have mini results discussion and conclusion sections occurring within chapters if there is no

separate results section or chapter However it is more usual for results and discussion to be combined

showing you have interpreted your findings

The results are normally written up using complete paragraphs but are often supported by tables andor graphs

The function of a discussion section is to

interpret the results presented in the results section and

discuss them in relation to your research question and to the results of previous research in the field

Of course to present any discussion about results from previous research you must already have introduced

this research in your literature review

Chapter 5 Conclusion and Implications

It is here where you wrap up the thesis by providing

A summary of the main findings of the thesis

A list of the contributions of the work

The implications of the research

Recommendations for further research

Bibliography References

A thesis must include a bibliography or reference section in the APA format listing all works which are

referred to in the text All studies cited in the text should be included in the bibliography and everything in the

bibliography should be cited in the text

It is important to BE CONSISTENT when you are referencing

The entries in the bibliography reference section should be arranged in the alphabetical order of

authors‟ surnames

Each entry should give the following basis information Author‟s surname Initial(s) Year of

publication Title of Publication ( in italics) Source (Name of journal Volume Publisher Place of

publication)

For more information on APA Reference Style please visit the website

httpjunoconcordiacahelphowtoapapdf

In-text Referencing

When you use other writers‟ words ideas the source of that material needs to be clearly identified using the

APA in text referencing format Plagiarism is a very serious offence and will not be tolerated

The author‟s surname the year of publication (and the number(s) of the papers(s)) should be placed in brackets

in the text The full reference must be given in the references bibliography section

Appendices

Material related to the text but not suitable to be included in it (raw data tables copies of documents etc) may

be placed in an appendix When there is more than one appendix each should be given a letter eg Appendix

A Appendix B You need to refer to appendices in the body of your thesis

Proofreading

Before submitting the thesis make sure it is read by your supervisor preferably more than once Ask friends or

colleagues to check it over for intelligibility balance grammar and spelling

APA CITATION STYLE

This guide provides a basic introduction to the APA citation style It is based on the 5th edition of the

Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association published in 2001

Copies are available at the Vanier Library Reference Desk in the Webster Library Reference Collection and

on 3-hour Reserve (at both libraries) The call number for the handbook is BF 767 A46 2001

The Publication Manual is generally used for academic writing in the social sciences The manual itself covers

many aspects of research writing including selecting a topic evaluating sources taking notes plagiarism the

mechanics of writing the format of the research paper as well as the way to cite sources

This guide provides basic explanations and examples for the most common types of citations used by students

For additional information and examples refer to the Publication Manual

DIRECT QUOTATIONS OF SOURCES

Direct quotations allow you to acknowledge a source within your text by providing a reference to exactly

where in that source you found the information The reader can then follow up on the complete reference in the

Reference List page at the end of your paper

Quotations of less than 40 words should be incorporated in the text and enclosed with double quotation

marks Provide the author publication year and a page number

She stated The placebo effect disappeared when behaviors were studied in this manner (Miele 1993

p 276) but he did not clarify which behaviors were studied

Miele (1993) found that the placebo effect which had been verified in previous studies disappeared when

[only the first groups] behaviors were studied in this manner (p 276)

When making a quotation of more than 40 words use a free-standing block quotation on a new line

indented five spaces and omit quotation marks

Miele (1993) found the following

The placebo effect which had been verified in previous studies disappeared when behaviors were studied

in this manner Furthermore the behaviors were never exhibited even when reel [sic] drugs were

administered Earlier studies were clearly premature in attributing the results to a placebo effect (p 276)

For electronic sources such as Web pages provide a reference to the author the year and the page

number (if it is a PDF document) the paragraph number if visible or a heading followed by the paragraph

number

The current system of managed care and the current approach to defining empirically supported treatments

are shortsighted (Beutler 2000 Conclusion section para 1)

Further examples and explanations are available in Section 334 of the Publication Manual

REFERENCE CITATIONS IN THE TEXT

When using your own words to refer indirectly to another authors work you must identify the original source

A complete reference must appear in the Reference List at the end of your paper

In most cases providing the authors last name and the publication year are sufficient

Smith (1997) compared reaction times

Within a paragraph you need not include the year in subsequent references

Smith (1997) compared reaction times Smith also found that

If there are two authors include the last name of each and the publication year

as James and Ryerson (1999) demonstrated

as has been shown (James and Ryerson 1999)

If there are three to five authors cite all authors the first time in subsequent citations include only the

last name of the first author followed by et al and the year

Williams Jones Smith Bradner and Torrington (1983) found

Williams et al (1983) also noticed that

The names of groups that serve as authors (eg corporations associations government agencies and

study groups) are usually spelled out each time they appear in a text citation If it will not cause confusion

for the reader names may be abbreviated thereafter

First citation (National Institute of Mental Health [NIMH] 1999)

Subsequent citations (NIMH 1999)

To cite a specific part of a source indicate the page chapter figure table or equation at the

appropriate point in the text

(Czapiewski amp Ruby 1995 p 10)

(Wilmarth 1980 chap 3)

For electronic sources that do not provide page numbers use the paragraph number if available

preceded by the para symbol or abbreviation para If neither is visible cite the heading and the number of the

paragraph following it to direct the reader to the quoted material

(Myers 2000 para 5)

(Beutler 2000 Conclusion section para 1)

Further examples and explanations are available in Sections 394-3103 of the Publication Manual

REFERENCE LIST

The alphabetical list of references that appears at the end of your paper contains more information about all of

the sources you have used allowing readers to refer to them as needed The main characteristics are

The list of references must be on a new page at the end of your text

The word References should be centered at the top of the page

Entries are arranged alphabetically by the authors last name or by the title if there is no author

Titles are italicized

Entries are double-spaced (for the purposes of this handout single-spacing is used)

Below are some examples of the most common types of sources including online sources (Web and databases)

Book with one author

Bernstein TM (1965) The careful writer A modern guide to English usage (2nd ed) New York

Atheneum

Book with two to five authors

Beck C A J amp Sales B D (2001) Family mediation Facts myths and future prospects

Washington DC American Psychological Association

Two or more books by the same author

Arrange alphabetically by the books title

Postman N (1985) Amusing ourselves to death Public discourse in the age of show business New

York Viking

Postman N (1979) Teaching as a conserving activity New York Delacorte Press

If works by the same author are published in the same year arrange alphabetically by title and add a letter

after the year as indicated below

McLuhan M (1970a) Culture is our business New York McGraw-Hill

McLuhan M (1970b) From cliche to archetype New York Viking Press

Anthology or compilation

Gibbs J T amp Huang L N (Eds) (1991) Children of color Psychological interventions with

minority youth San Francisco Jossey-Bass

Work in an anthology or an essay in a book

Bjork R A (1989) Retrieval inhibition as an adaptive mechanism in human memory In H L

Roediger III amp F I M Craik (Eds) Varieties of memory amp consciousness (pp 309-330)

Hillsdale NJ Erlbaum

Book by a corporate author

Associations corporations agencies government departments and organizations are considered authors when

there is no single author

American Psychological Association (1972) Ethical standards of psychologists Washington DC

American Psychological Association

Article in a reference book or an entry in an encyclopedia

If the articleentry is signed include the authors name if unsigned begin with the title of the entry

Guignon C B (1998) Existentialism In E Craig (Ed) Routledge encyclopedia of philosophy (Vol

3 pp 493-502) London Routledge

Article in a journal - for articles retrieved online see below

Mellers B A (2000) Choice and the relative pleasure of consequences Psychological Bulletin 126

910-924

Note List only the volume number if the periodical uses continuous pagination throughout a particular

volume If each issue begins with page 1 then list the issue number as well

Klimoski R amp Palmer S (1993) The ADA and the hiring process in organizations Consulting

Psychology Journal Practice and Research 45(2) 10-36

Article in a newspaper or magazine

Semenak S (1995 December 28) Feeling right at home Government residence eschews traditional

rules Montreal Gazette p A4

Driedger S D (1998 April 20) After divorce Macleans 111(16) 38-43

Television or radio program

MacIntyre L (Reporter) (2002 January 23) Scandal of the Century [Television series episode] In H

Cashore (Producer) The fifth estate Toronto Canadian Broadcasting Corporation

Film videorecording or DVD

Kubrick S (Director) (1980) The Shining [Motion picture] United States Warner Brothers

Article from a database

Provide the same information as you would for a printed journal article and add a retrieval statement

that gives the date of retrieval and the proper name of the database

Schredl M Brenner C amp Faul C (2002) Positive attitude toward dreams Reliability and stability

of ten-item scale North American Journal of Psychology 4 343-346 Retrieved December 16

2004 from Academic Search Premier database

Dussault M amp Barnett B G (1996) Peer-assisted leadership Reducing educational managers

professional isolation Journal of Educational Administration 34(3) 5-14 Retrieved December 16

2004 from ABIINFORM Global database

Non-periodical documents on the Internet

Library and Archives Canada (2002) Celebrating Womens Achievements Women Artists in Canada

Retrieved December 16 2004 from httpwwwcollectionscanadacawomenh12-500-ehtml

Article in an Internet-only journal

Pelling N (2002 May) The use of technology in career counseling Journal of Technology in

Counseling 2(2) Retrieved December 16 2004 from httpjtccolstateeduvol2_2pellinghtm

SAMPLE of TITLE PAGE

Name of candidate and

previous degrees held

Name of supervisor and

hisher title

City month and year

SAMPLE TITLE PAGE

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING


----------------------------

TITLE OF THE THESIS

A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment

of the requirements for the degree of

Master of Arts (TESOL)

Submitted by helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Supervisor

helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip helliphellip

helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

SAMPLE of STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP

Title of the thesis

City year

Signature of candidate

Full name of candidate

STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP

I certify that this thesis entitled ldquohelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliprdquo

is my own work

Except where reference is made in the text of the thesis this thesis

contain material published elsewhere or extracted in whole or in part

from a thesis by which I have qualified for or been awarded another

degree or diploma

No other person‟s work has been used without due acknowledgement

in the main text of the thesis

This thesis has not been submitted for the award of any degree or

diploma in any other tertiary institution

helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 20hellip

helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

i

SAMPLE of ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip




































ii

In this page you express your gratefulness

to your supervisor and people who

encourage support and help you during

the time you do your thesis

SAMPLE of ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT





































iii

An abstract is a concise summary of the

thesis intended to inform prospective

readers about its contents The abstract

indicate the problem investigated the

procedures followed the general result

obtained and the major conclusions

reached It should not contain any

illustrative material or tables

SAMPLE of TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

Certificate of originality i

Acknowledgments ii

Abstract iii

Table of contents iv

List of figures v

List of tables vi

Abbreviations vii

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1

11 Background 1

12 Statement of purpose 2

13 Research questions 2

14 Significance of the study 3

15 Overview of thesis chapters 4

Chapter 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 5

6

Chapter 3 METHODOLOGY 10

31 10

311 10

312 11

32 15

321 15

322 16

helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

ChapterhellipCONCLUSION 80

BIBLIOGRAPHY 82

APPENDICES 87

APPENDIX 1 87

APPENDIX 2 89

APPENDIX 3 90


iv

SAMPLE of LIST OF FIGURES

Number of the chapter

Number of figure

LIST OF FIGURES

Page

Figure 41 60

Figure 42 65

Figure 51 70

Figure 52 72

Figure 53 73

Figure hellip hellip


v

SAMPLE of LIST OF TABLES


Number of table

LIST OF TABLES

Page

Table 41 60

Table 42 65

Table 51 70

Table 52 72

Table 53 73

Table hellip hellip

Table hellip hellip

vi

SAMPLE of ABBREVIATIONS

Abbreviations

in full

ABBREVIATIONS

CUP Cambridge University Press

HCMC Ho Chi Minh City

HCMCOU Ho Chi Minh City Open University

HE Higher Education

MOET The Ministry of Education and Training

OUP Oxford University Express

UP University of Pedagogy

helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

viii

Abbreviations must be arranged alphabetically

SAMPLE of BIBLIOGRAPHY

SAMPLE TITLE PAGE

BIBLIOGRAPHY

American Psychological Association (1972) Ethical standards of

psychologists Washington DC American Psychological Association


Dussault M amp Barnett B G (1996) Peer-assisted leadership Reducing

educational managers professional isolation Journal of Educational

Administration 34(3) 5-14 Retrieved December 16 2004 from

ABIINFORM Global database

Guignon C B (1998) Existentialism In E Craig (Ed) Routledge

encyclopedia of philosophy (Vol 3 pp 493-502) London Routledge

Klimoski R amp Palmer S (1993) The ADA and the hiring process in

organizations Consulting Psychology Journal Practice and Research 45(2)

10-36

Kubrick S (Director) (1980) The Shining [Motion picture] United States

Warner Brothers

Library and Archives Canada (2002) Celebrating Womens Achievements

Women Artists in Canada Retrieved December 16 2004 from

httpwwwcollectionscanadacawomenh12-500-ehtml

MacIntyre L (Reporter) (2002 January 23) Scandal of the Century

[Television series episode] In H Cashore (Producer) The fifth estate

Toronto Canadian Broadcasting Corporation

Mellers B A (2000) Choice and the relative pleasure of consequences

Psychological Bulletin 126 910-924

Pelling N (2002 May) The use of technology in career counseling Journal

of Technology in Counseling 2(2) Retrieved December 16 2004 from

httpjtccolstateeduvol2_2pellinghtm

Schredl M Brenner C amp Faul C (2002) Positive attitude toward dreams

Reliability and stability of ten-item scale North American Journal of

Psychology 4 343-346 Retrieved December 16 2004 from Academic Search Premier

database

82

Entries must be arranged alphabetically

by the authorrsquos last name or by the title if

there is no author


Entries are double-spaced

See APA Citation Style

Chapters in sequence

Conclusion

Bibliography

Appendices

Abstract

An abstract is a concise summary of the thesis intended to inform prospective readers about its contents The

abstract indicate the problem investigated the procedures followed the general result obtained and the major

conclusions reached It should not contain any illustrative material or tables

The main chapters

Chapter 1 Introduction

The introduction may include an explanation of author‟s own background and motivation to undertake this

particular piece of research The introduction should end with the general question which the thesis sets out to

answer

The introduction can include the following

Background to the study

Statement of purpose Rationale of the study

Research questions

Significance of the study

Overview of thesis chapters

Chapter 2 Literature Review

The role of the literature review in thesis is to provide a critical review and analysis of the literature relevant to

your particular topic The purpose of a literature review can be to

Summarize and evaluate past research

Show similarities and differences in previous research

Give an overview of controversies in past research

Place your own research into context

Show a gap in research

Generate new research hypotheses

The literature review should meet certain requirements

Most of the citations should be recent (preferable in the last five to seven years) Earlier studies should

only be cited if they appear to be classic landmark studies

Literature reviews should cite works from journals books or government document

Chapter 3 Methodology

The Methodology Chapter tells your reader bdquohow‟ you carried out the research that was needed to answer your

research questions It may have sections that explain

WHEN the study was carried out

WHERE the study was carried out

WHAT materials techniques samples data approaches theoretical frameworks were used in the

study and

HOW the study was carried out WHAT procedures were used

Chapter 4 Results and Discussion

The results discussion and conclusion sections of a thesis may appear as separate chapters or may be

combined in different ways There models below show the possible combinations

Model 1 Model 2 Model 3

Results Results amp Discussion

Results

Discussion Discussion amp Conclusion

Conclusion Conclusion
























authors‟ surnames



publication)



In-text Referencing





Appendices




Proofreading



APA CITATION STYLE




























number






























(Myers 2000 para 5)



REFERENCE LIST











Atheneum







York Viking
























910-924

































hisher title

City month and year

SAMPLE TITLE PAGE



----------------------------

TITLE OF THE THESIS





Supervisor




Title of the thesis

City year





is my own work




degree or diploma







i


ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS





































ii





SAMPLE of ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT





































iii










TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page


Acknowledgments ii

Abstract iii


List of figures v

List of tables vi

Abbreviations vii


11 Background 1






6


31 10

311 10

312 11

32 15

321 15

322 16



BIBLIOGRAPHY 82

APPENDICES 87

APPENDIX 1 87

APPENDIX 2 89

APPENDIX 3 90


iv



Number of figure

LIST OF FIGURES

Page

Figure 41 60

Figure 42 65

Figure 51 70

Figure 52 72

Figure 53 73



v



Number of table

LIST OF TABLES

Page

Table 41 60

Table 42 65

Table 51 70

Table 52 72

Table 53 73

Table hellip hellip

Table hellip hellip

vi


Abbreviations

in full

ABBREVIATIONS




HE Higher Education





viii



SAMPLE TITLE PAGE

BIBLIOGRAPHY












10-36


Warner Brothers















database

82



there is no author



























authors‟ surnames



publication)



In-text Referencing





Appendices




Proofreading



APA CITATION STYLE




























number






























(Myers 2000 para 5)



REFERENCE LIST











Atheneum







York Viking
























910-924

































hisher title

City month and year

SAMPLE TITLE PAGE



----------------------------

TITLE OF THE THESIS





Supervisor




Title of the thesis

City year





is my own work




degree or diploma







i


ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS





































ii





SAMPLE of ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT





































iii










TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page


Acknowledgments ii

Abstract iii


List of figures v

List of tables vi

Abbreviations vii


11 Background 1






6


31 10

311 10

312 11

32 15

321 15

322 16



BIBLIOGRAPHY 82

APPENDICES 87

APPENDIX 1 87

APPENDIX 2 89

APPENDIX 3 90


iv



Number of figure

LIST OF FIGURES

Page

Figure 41 60

Figure 42 65

Figure 51 70

Figure 52 72

Figure 53 73



v



Number of table

LIST OF TABLES

Page

Table 41 60

Table 42 65

Table 51 70

Table 52 72

Table 53 73

Table hellip hellip

Table hellip hellip

vi


Abbreviations

in full

ABBREVIATIONS




HE Higher Education





viii



SAMPLE TITLE PAGE

BIBLIOGRAPHY












10-36


Warner Brothers















database

82



there is no author




APA CITATION STYLE




























number






























(Myers 2000 para 5)



REFERENCE LIST











Atheneum







York Viking
























910-924

































hisher title

City month and year

SAMPLE TITLE PAGE



----------------------------

TITLE OF THE THESIS





Supervisor




Title of the thesis

City year





is my own work




degree or diploma







i


ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS





































ii





SAMPLE of ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT





































iii










TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page


Acknowledgments ii

Abstract iii


List of figures v

List of tables vi

Abbreviations vii


11 Background 1






6


31 10

311 10

312 11

32 15

321 15

322 16



BIBLIOGRAPHY 82

APPENDICES 87

APPENDIX 1 87

APPENDIX 2 89

APPENDIX 3 90


iv



Number of figure

LIST OF FIGURES

Page

Figure 41 60

Figure 42 65

Figure 51 70

Figure 52 72

Figure 53 73



v



Number of table

LIST OF TABLES

Page

Table 41 60

Table 42 65

Table 51 70

Table 52 72

Table 53 73

Table hellip hellip

Table hellip hellip

vi


Abbreviations

in full

ABBREVIATIONS




HE Higher Education





viii



SAMPLE TITLE PAGE

BIBLIOGRAPHY












10-36


Warner Brothers















database

82



there is no author
























(Myers 2000 para 5)



REFERENCE LIST











Atheneum







York Viking
























910-924

































hisher title

City month and year

SAMPLE TITLE PAGE



----------------------------

TITLE OF THE THESIS





Supervisor




Title of the thesis

City year





is my own work




degree or diploma







i


ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS





































ii





SAMPLE of ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT





































iii










TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page


Acknowledgments ii

Abstract iii


List of figures v

List of tables vi

Abbreviations vii


11 Background 1






6


31 10

311 10

312 11

32 15

321 15

322 16



BIBLIOGRAPHY 82

APPENDICES 87

APPENDIX 1 87

APPENDIX 2 89

APPENDIX 3 90


iv



Number of figure

LIST OF FIGURES

Page

Figure 41 60

Figure 42 65

Figure 51 70

Figure 52 72

Figure 53 73



v



Number of table

LIST OF TABLES

Page

Table 41 60

Table 42 65

Table 51 70

Table 52 72

Table 53 73

Table hellip hellip

Table hellip hellip

vi


Abbreviations

in full

ABBREVIATIONS




HE Higher Education





viii



SAMPLE TITLE PAGE

BIBLIOGRAPHY












10-36


Warner Brothers















database

82



there is no author





York Viking
























910-924

































hisher title

City month and year

SAMPLE TITLE PAGE



----------------------------

TITLE OF THE THESIS





Supervisor




Title of the thesis

City year





is my own work




degree or diploma







i


ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS





































ii





SAMPLE of ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT





































iii










TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page


Acknowledgments ii

Abstract iii


List of figures v

List of tables vi

Abbreviations vii


11 Background 1






6


31 10

311 10

312 11

32 15

321 15

322 16



BIBLIOGRAPHY 82

APPENDICES 87

APPENDIX 1 87

APPENDIX 2 89

APPENDIX 3 90


iv



Number of figure

LIST OF FIGURES

Page

Figure 41 60

Figure 42 65

Figure 51 70

Figure 52 72

Figure 53 73



v



Number of table

LIST OF TABLES

Page

Table 41 60

Table 42 65

Table 51 70

Table 52 72

Table 53 73

Table hellip hellip

Table hellip hellip

vi


Abbreviations

in full

ABBREVIATIONS




HE Higher Education





viii



SAMPLE TITLE PAGE

BIBLIOGRAPHY












10-36


Warner Brothers















database

82



there is no author




























hisher title

City month and year

SAMPLE TITLE PAGE



----------------------------

TITLE OF THE THESIS





Supervisor




Title of the thesis

City year





is my own work




degree or diploma







i


ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS





































ii





SAMPLE of ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT





































iii










TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page


Acknowledgments ii

Abstract iii


List of figures v

List of tables vi

Abbreviations vii


11 Background 1






6


31 10

311 10

312 11

32 15

321 15

322 16



BIBLIOGRAPHY 82

APPENDICES 87

APPENDIX 1 87

APPENDIX 2 89

APPENDIX 3 90


iv



Number of figure

LIST OF FIGURES

Page

Figure 41 60

Figure 42 65

Figure 51 70

Figure 52 72

Figure 53 73



v



Number of table

LIST OF TABLES

Page

Table 41 60

Table 42 65

Table 51 70

Table 52 72

Table 53 73

Table hellip hellip

Table hellip hellip

vi


Abbreviations

in full

ABBREVIATIONS




HE Higher Education





viii



SAMPLE TITLE PAGE

BIBLIOGRAPHY












10-36


Warner Brothers















database

82



there is no author





Title of the thesis

City year





is my own work




degree or diploma







i


ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS





































ii





SAMPLE of ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT





































iii










TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page


Acknowledgments ii

Abstract iii


List of figures v

List of tables vi

Abbreviations vii


11 Background 1






6


31 10

311 10

312 11

32 15

321 15

322 16



BIBLIOGRAPHY 82

APPENDICES 87

APPENDIX 1 87

APPENDIX 2 89

APPENDIX 3 90


iv



Number of figure

LIST OF FIGURES

Page

Figure 41 60

Figure 42 65

Figure 51 70

Figure 52 72

Figure 53 73



v



Number of table

LIST OF TABLES

Page

Table 41 60

Table 42 65

Table 51 70

Table 52 72

Table 53 73

Table hellip hellip

Table hellip hellip

vi


Abbreviations

in full

ABBREVIATIONS




HE Higher Education





viii



SAMPLE TITLE PAGE

BIBLIOGRAPHY












10-36


Warner Brothers















database

82



there is no author





ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS





































ii





SAMPLE of ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT





































iii










TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page


Acknowledgments ii

Abstract iii


List of figures v

List of tables vi

Abbreviations vii


11 Background 1






6


31 10

311 10

312 11

32 15

321 15

322 16



BIBLIOGRAPHY 82

APPENDICES 87

APPENDIX 1 87

APPENDIX 2 89

APPENDIX 3 90


iv



Number of figure

LIST OF FIGURES

Page

Figure 41 60

Figure 42 65

Figure 51 70

Figure 52 72

Figure 53 73



v



Number of table

LIST OF TABLES

Page

Table 41 60

Table 42 65

Table 51 70

Table 52 72

Table 53 73

Table hellip hellip

Table hellip hellip

vi


Abbreviations

in full

ABBREVIATIONS




HE Higher Education





viii



SAMPLE TITLE PAGE

BIBLIOGRAPHY












10-36


Warner Brothers















database

82



there is no author




SAMPLE of ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT





































iii










TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page


Acknowledgments ii

Abstract iii


List of figures v

List of tables vi

Abbreviations vii


11 Background 1






6


31 10

311 10

312 11

32 15

321 15

322 16



BIBLIOGRAPHY 82

APPENDICES 87

APPENDIX 1 87

APPENDIX 2 89

APPENDIX 3 90


iv



Number of figure

LIST OF FIGURES

Page

Figure 41 60

Figure 42 65

Figure 51 70

Figure 52 72

Figure 53 73



v



Number of table

LIST OF TABLES

Page

Table 41 60

Table 42 65

Table 51 70

Table 52 72

Table 53 73

Table hellip hellip

Table hellip hellip

vi


Abbreviations

in full

ABBREVIATIONS




HE Higher Education





viii



SAMPLE TITLE PAGE

BIBLIOGRAPHY












10-36


Warner Brothers















database

82



there is no author





TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page


Acknowledgments ii

Abstract iii


List of figures v

List of tables vi

Abbreviations vii


11 Background 1






6


31 10

311 10

312 11

32 15

321 15

322 16



BIBLIOGRAPHY 82

APPENDICES 87

APPENDIX 1 87

APPENDIX 2 89

APPENDIX 3 90


iv



Number of figure

LIST OF FIGURES

Page

Figure 41 60

Figure 42 65

Figure 51 70

Figure 52 72

Figure 53 73



v



Number of table

LIST OF TABLES

Page

Table 41 60

Table 42 65

Table 51 70

Table 52 72

Table 53 73

Table hellip hellip

Table hellip hellip

vi


Abbreviations

in full

ABBREVIATIONS




HE Higher Education





viii



SAMPLE TITLE PAGE

BIBLIOGRAPHY












10-36


Warner Brothers















database

82



there is no author






Number of figure

LIST OF FIGURES

Page

Figure 41 60

Figure 42 65

Figure 51 70

Figure 52 72

Figure 53 73



v



Number of table

LIST OF TABLES

Page

Table 41 60

Table 42 65

Table 51 70

Table 52 72

Table 53 73

Table hellip hellip

Table hellip hellip

vi


Abbreviations

in full

ABBREVIATIONS




HE Higher Education





viii



SAMPLE TITLE PAGE

BIBLIOGRAPHY












10-36


Warner Brothers















database

82



there is no author






Number of table

LIST OF TABLES

Page

Table 41 60

Table 42 65

Table 51 70

Table 52 72

Table 53 73

Table hellip hellip

Table hellip hellip

vi


Abbreviations

in full

ABBREVIATIONS




HE Higher Education





viii



SAMPLE TITLE PAGE

BIBLIOGRAPHY












10-36


Warner Brothers















database

82



there is no author





Abbreviations

in full

ABBREVIATIONS




HE Higher Education





viii



SAMPLE TITLE PAGE

BIBLIOGRAPHY












10-36


Warner Brothers















database

82



there is no author





SAMPLE TITLE PAGE

BIBLIOGRAPHY












10-36


Warner Brothers















database

82



there is no author




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