teri’s experience in fuel cells technology presentation at national seminar on “creating...
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TERI’s Experience
in
Fuel Cells Technology
Presentation at
National Seminar on “Creating Infrastructure for Adoption of Fuel Cell Technology in
India”, by National Thermal Power Corporation
April 15, 2004 at NTPC/EOC, NOIDA
Dr Y P Abbi, Senior FellowMr Shirish Garud, FellowTERI, New Delhi
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TERI’s MissionTERI’s Mission
To develop and promote technologies, policies, and
institutions for efficient and sustainable use of natural
resources
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Six divisions and an educational trust, each headed by a director
TERI’s structureTERI’s structure
Regulatory Studies and Governance
Policy Analysis
Energy–Environment Technology
Bioresources and Biotechnology
Information Technology and Services
Administrative Services
TERI School of Advanced Studies,an educational trust
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Areas Biomass Energy Technology Applications Centre for Research on Environmentally Sound
Technology Applications Industrial Energy Renewable Energy Technology Applications Resource Efficient Process Technology Applications
Division of Energy–Environment TechnologyDivision of Energy–Environment Technology
Promoting technological solutions to meet the challenge of ensuring adequate supplies of energy through conservation, innovation, and management
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FocusFuel cells & hydrogen as alternate energy source
Hydrogen Energy ActivitiesHydrogen Energy Activities
Core activities
Information dissemination
Market identification & feasibility studies
Field demonstrations/ adaptation of FCT in the Indian
context
Policy matters related to penetration of hydrogen & FC
technology
R & D in the areas of molten carbonate fuel cell technology
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Development/demonstration activitiesDevelopment/demonstration activities
Onsite integrated energy system: fuel cell coupling with biogas (Ministry of Non-conventional Energy Sources) 1987-92
Improved gas diffusion electrodes for phosphoric acid fuel cell (Ministry of Non-conventional Energy Sources) 1990-95
components & stack for molten carbonate fuel cell (Ministry of Non-conventional Energy Sources) 1994-2002
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Biogas Source Okhla Sewage Treatment Plant, New Delhi
Biogas fuel processor Designed and fabricated by TERI
Fuel processor stages Desulfurizer, Steam reformer, Shift converters
(HT & LT), Boiler & heat exchangers
Fuel cell stack 2.5 kW PAFC stack (ERC, USA)
Onsite integrated energy system: fuel cell coupling with biogas
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Fuel processor (TERI)
2.5 kW PAFC stack ( ERC, USA)
Biogas Hydrogen
Onsite integrated energy system: fuel cell coupling with bio-gasOnsite integrated energy system: fuel cell coupling with bio-gas
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Biogas - PAFC Demonstration (TERI)Biogas - PAFC Demonstration (TERI)
Fuel cells (except AFC) can accept reformed gas as a fuel
CH4 can be ‘steam reformed’ to produce hydrogen
Biogas (digester gas) contains CH4 (50-60%)
Produced by biomethanation (anaerobic digestion) of cattle waste, sewage, etc.
Potential for use as small-scale, decentralized power sources in rural areas
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MCFC component development at TERIMCFC component development at TERI
Achievements
Single cells of 38, 64,
100,512, 1000 cm2
Current density achieved
80-100 mA/cm2
Gas flow and control
systems, inverters etc.
Inhouse fabrication of
components
Electrode Matrix
End plate Cell sandwich
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Facilities for fuel cell researchFacilities for fuel cell research
Fuel cell testing laboratory Pore sizer Surface area analyzer Tape casting machine Potentioscan Gas Chromatograph
Equipments for fabricating fuel cell components
Mini- workshop
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Other projectsOther projects
Potential market survey for PC25C fuel cell power plants in India (Toshiba Corporation, Japan) 1995
Assessment of hydrogen fuel supply options for operating commercial fleet of fuel cell buses in New Delhi (UNDP - GEF, Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited) 2000
Market assessment for fuel cells : stationary and transport applications (DG-TREN, European Commission) 2001
Report on “Hydrogen Energy- Safety, Standards, Security, & Policy” for the Planning Commission, Govt. of India 2003
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Outreach activitiesOutreach activities
Industrial meet on fuel cell technology 1994
Interactive workshop for stakeholders in the fuel cell commercialization 2001
Short term project on fuel cell research for school/ university students
Relevant discussion papers
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TERI prepared report of sub-group IV on “Hydrogen Energy- Safety, Standards, Security, & Policy” in October 2003 for the Planning Commission, Govt. of India.
Report Covered:
Experience of Indian Industry in handling hydrogen
Hydrogen codes and standards- the need for safety in the hydrogen energy chain covering Production, Delivery, Storage, Conversion, & Applications
International work- ISO/TC 197 (for hydrogen technologies), and IEC/TC 105 (for Fuel Cells)
Building codes and standards for Indian Hydrogen energy road map
Proposal work for Indian organisations for hydrogen standards and codes
(...more on next slide)
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Hydrogen energy policy of India
National energy security and hydrogen
R, D & D projects in different areas
Involvement of difference stakeholders in India
International cooperation
Regulatory functions
National plan development
(continued from last slide)
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Experience of Indian industries in handling hydrogenExperience of Indian industries in handling hydrogen
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Fuel cell applications in India: issues and concernsFuel cell applications in India: issues and concerns
High capital cost of the fuel cell technology
No hydrogen fuel infrastructure facility
Appropriate fuel reformation technology for hydrocarbon fuels
Integration as per local needs
Sufficient operational data under Indian conditions
Safety issue pertaining to usage of hydrogen/gas as fuel
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Potential near term fuel cell applications in IndiaPotential near term fuel cell applications in India
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Demonstration of fuel cells for decentralized power generation in hotels
Demonstration of fuel cells for decentralized power generation in hotels
Hotels
200 kW FCPP
Piped natural gas
CHP Generation
Performance monitoring
High end customer
FCPP electricity cheaper than grid
Natural gas connection available
Projecting attractive payback period
Financing option & risk sharing
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Demonstration of fuel cells for rural electrification
Demonstration of fuel cells for rural electrification
Solar PV
Wind
Biomass Gasifier
Bio - digestor
Electrolyser
Gas cleaning/reforming
Hydrogen
Fuel cell power plant( 5 - 50 kW)
Rural electrification & pumping
Integration issues
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Demonstration of fuel cells for residential applications
Demonstration of fuel cells for residential applications
Pipe NG
BottledLPG
0.5 - 10 kW PEMFC
Residential power/ backup power
Frequent power cuts in urban areas
Pipe NG in select cities for residential users
Distribution infrastructure for LPG
Pollution from existing back-up units
Economic competition from existing back-up units
Integration & performance evaluation
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Development of ‘National Policy on Hydrogen’
Development of national plan for production of hydrogen from renewables (Biomass, PV, Wind, etc.)
Demonstrations projects on Hydrogen from Renewable.
Market potential forecast for ‘Fuel cell applications’ for transport, industry, & distributed generation.
Demonstration of Fuel Cell system (with part funding from Govt. of India and part from other countries).
Development & testing of integrated biomass gasifier- fuel cell system.
TERI’s areas of interest TERI’s areas of interest