teori komunikasi anne suryani dani vardiansyah novita damayanti universitas multimedia nusantara...
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Teori komunikasi
Anne SuryaniDani VardiansyahNovita Damayanti
Universitas Multimedia Nusantara2010
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Theory• Theory: a set of systematic, informed hunches about
the way things work (Griffin, 2009, p.4)
... educated guesses ...an integrated system ...multiple ideas & relationships between them
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Communication
“The relational process of creating and interpreting messages that elicit a response” (Griffin, 2009, p. 6)
Characteristics Messages Creation of messages Interpretation of messages A relational process Messages that elicit a response
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Different perspectives• Griffin, 2009, pp. 14-15
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Objective approach Interpretive approach
Truth is singular and is accessible through unbiased sensory observation
Multiple meanings or truths are possible
• Epistemology: the study of the origin, nature, method and limits of knowledge
• Determinism vs free will • Purpose of theory– Universal law vs interpretive guides
• Research methodology– Qualitative vs quantitative
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Some common contrasts between quantitative and qualitative research (Bryman, 2008, p. 393)
Quantitative Qualitative
Numbers Words
Point of view of researcher Points of view of participants
Researcher distant Researcher close
Theory testing Theory emergent
Static Process
Structured Unstructured
Generalization Contextual understanding
Hard, reliable data Rich, deep data
Macro Micro
Behaviour Meaning
Artificial settings Natural settings
Some similarities between quantitative and qualitative research (Bryman, 2008, p. 394-395)
Both are concerned with...• data reduction• answering research questions• relating data analysis to the research
literature• variation• the importance of transparency
Popular research methods in communication studies
Experiment ... manipulates a variable in a tightly controlled situation in order to find out if it has the predicted effect
Surveys... uses questionnaires and interviews to collect self-reported data that reflects what respondent think, feel, or intend to do
Textual analysis ... describes and interprets the characteristics of any text.
Ethnography... participant observation designed to help a researcher experience a culture’s complex web of meaning
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Mapping the theories1. Interpersonal Communication
Objective Interpretive
Symbolic Interactionism OCoordinated Management of Meaning
O
Expectancy Violations Theory OConstructionism OSocial Penetration Theory OUncertainty Reduction Theory OSocial Information Processing Theory ORelational Dialectics OThe Interactional View OSocial Judgement Theory OElaboration Likelihood Model OCognitive Dissonance Theory O 10
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Mapping the theories2. Group and Public Communication
Objective Interpretive
Functional Perspective on Group Decision Making
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Adaptive Structuration Theory OSymbolic Convergence Theory OCultural Approach OCritical Theory of Communication OThe Rethoric ODramatism ONarrative Paradigm O
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Mapping the theories3. Mass Communication
Objective Interpretive
Media Ecology OSemiotics OCultural Studies OCultivation Theory OAgenda-Setting OSpiral of Silence O
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Mapping the theories4. Cultural Context
Objective Interpretive
Communication Accommodation Theory
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Face-Negotiation Theory OSpeech Codes Theory OGenderlect Styles OStandpoint Theory OMuted Group Theory O