teori dan estimasi biaya
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Teori dan Estimasi Biaya. PhD in Economics , 1998, Dept. of Economics, The University of Queensland, Australia. Post Graduate Diploma in Regional Dev., 1994, Dept. of Economics, The Univ. of Queensland, Australia. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Dosen : Muchdie, PhD in Economics
PhD in Economics, 1998, Dept. of Economics, The University of Queensland, Australia.Post Graduate Diploma in Regional Dev.,1994, Dept. of Economics, The Univ. of Queensland, Australia.MS in Rural & Regional Development Planning, 1986, Graduate School, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor
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Fungsi Biaya Jangka Pendek Kurva Biaya Jangka Panjang Ukuran Pabrik dan Skala Ekonomis Kurva Pembelajaran Minimisasi Biaya Secara Internasional Manajemen Logistik atau Penawaran
Berantai ? Analisis Biaya-Volume-Laba dan Ungkitan
Operasi Estimasi Empiris dan Fungsi Biaya Ringkasan, Pertanyaan Diskusi, Soal-Soal
dan Alamat Situs Internet Lampiran : Analisis Biaya Menggunakan
Kalkulus Studi Kasus Gabungan 3 : Fungsi Produksi
dan Biaya di Industri Pengilangan Minyak
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Biaya Total (Total Cost) = TC = f(Q)
Biaya Tetap Total (Total Fixed Cost) = TFC
Biaya Variabel Total (Total Variable Cost) = TVC
TC = TFC + TVC
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Biaya Total Rata-Rata (Average Total Cost) = ATC = TC/Q
Biaya Tetap Rata-Rata (Average Fixed Cost) = AFC = TFC/Q
Biaya Variabel Rata-Rata (Average Variable Cost) = AVC = TVC/Q
ATC = AFC + AVC
Biaya Marjinal (Marginal Cost) = TC/Q = TVC/Q
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Q TFC TVC TC AFC AVC ATC MC0 $60 $0 $60 - - - -1 60 20 80 $60 $20 $80 $202 60 30 90 30 15 45 103 60 45 105 20 15 35 154 60 80 140 15 20 35 355 60 135 195 12 27 39 55
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Biaya Variabel Rata-Rata
AVC = TVC/Q = w/APL
Biaya Marjinal
TC/Q = TVC/Q = w/MPL
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Total Biaya Jangka Panjang (Long-Run Total Cost) = LTC = f(Q)
Biaya Rata-Rata Jangka Panjang (Long-Run Average Cost) = LAC = LTC/Q
Biaya Marjinal Jangka Panjang (Long-Run Marginal Cost) = LMC = LTC/Q
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Penurunan Kurva Biaya Jangka Panjang
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Hubungan Antara Kurva Jangka Panjang dengan Kurva Jangka Pendek
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Kemungkinan Bentuk Kurva Biaya Jangka Panjang
Ukuran Pabrik dan Skala Ekonomis
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Biaya Rata-Rata dari Unit Q = C = aQb
Bentuk Estimasi: log C = log a + b Log Q
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Foreign Sourcing of Inputs New International Economies of Scale
Immigration of Skilled Labor Brain Drain
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Merges and integrates functionsPurchasingTransportationWarehousingDistributionCustomer Services
Source of competitive advantage
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Reasons for the growth of logisticsAdvances in computer technology
Decreased cost of logistical problem solvingGrowth of just-in-time inventory
management Increased need to monitor and manage
input and output flowsGlobalization of production and
distribution Increased complexity of input and output
flows
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Penerimaan Total (Total Revenue) = TR = (P)(Q)
Biaya Total (Total Cost) = TC = TFC + (AVC)(Q)
Volume Breakeven (Breakeven Volume) TR = TC
(P)(Q) = TFC + (AVC)(Q)
QBE = TFC/(P - AVC)
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P = 10
TFC = 200
AVC = 5
QBE = 40
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Ungkitan Operasi (Operating Leverage) = TFC/TVC
Derajat Ungkitan Operasi (Degree of Operating Leverage) = DOL
% ( )
% ( )
Q P AVCDOL
Q Q P AVC TFC
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TC’ has a higher DOL than TC and therefore a higher QBE
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Opportunity Costs Must be Extracted from Accounting Cost Data
Costs Must be Apportioned Among Products
Costs Must be Matched to Output Over Time
Costs Must be Corrected for Inflation
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Bentuk Fungsional untuk Fungsi Biaya Jangka Pendek
2 3TVC aQ bQ cQ
2TVCAVC a bQ cQ
Q
22 3MC a bQ cQ
Bentuk Teoritis Pendekatan Linear
TVC a bQ
aAVC b
Q
MC b
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Bentuk Teoritis Pendekatan Linear
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Analisis Regresi Seksi Silang (Cross-Section Regression Analysis)
Metode Rekayasa (Engineering Method)
Teknik Survival (Survival Technique)
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LAC Aktual Vs LAC Estimasi Empiris
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Ringkasan (9 Butir) Pertanyaan Diskusi (15 Pertanyaan)
Soal-Soal (15 Soal) Alamat Situs Internet Lampiran Bab 7 : Analisis Biaya Menggunakan Kalkulus
Studi Kasus Gabungan 3 : Fungsi Produksi dan Biaya Dalam Industri Pengilangan Minyak
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Pertanyaan Diskusi :Setiap mahasiswa memilih 2 (dua) nomor
pertanyaan untuk dijawab secara tertulis. Hanya satu nomor pertanyaan yang boleh sama dengan mahasiswa lainnya.
Jawaban dipresentasikan pada pertemuan berikut.
Soal-soal :Setiap mahasiswa memilih 2 nomor soal dari
Soal-soal nomor 1 – 14 untuk dijawab secara tertulis. Hanya satu nomor soal yang boleh sama dengan mahasiswa lainnya.
Jawaban ditulis pada sebuah Buku Tulis yang dikumpulkan pada saat UTS.