temporary housing proposal group a
DESCRIPTION
Catalonia Int'l Univ. WS for 311 Earthquake Recovery on Dec.,2011TRANSCRIPT
TEMPORARY HOUSING
FOR OOFUNATO CITY For: the ones that remain
Wan-ting Chiang _ Katerina Myrizaki _ Elaine Morales
Ofunato, Japan How do we understand the place?
Demographical In 2008, the city had an estimated population of 41,757 and a density of 129 persons per km² (2005 CENSUS) The total area is 323.28 km² Economy Ōfunato faces the Pacific Ocean, where there is a fishing industry. The city has been trying to establish itself as a major shipping port Facts Suffers from frequent earthquakes of various scales. Climate Highest temperature on August (28) Lowest on January (-4)
Ofunato, Japan - BEFORE Population 41,757
• Ōfunato is frequently affected by earthquakes and tsunamis (up to 25
meters) due to the geographic location, close to an undersea volcano.
• It is a coast culture town. The main economic industry is fishing
followed by commerce and factory production.
The last earthquake get 3 kilometers inland, and they experiment heavy
aftershocks (6.4 magnitude)
The physical and human loss was compounded by damage to local
businesses, factories, and industries, resulting in an economic loss
equivalent to three years’ worth of the area’s GDP. (All hands volunteers)
The Sakariki-machi market started to work 20 days after the tsunami.
Ofunato, Japan-AFTER Population 39,463 ( 339 dead, 98 missing)
Disaster: The Earthquake 3.11 What was the economical, and physical impact in the place?
The market helping to keep up
morale in an area devastated by
the March 11 quake and tsunami.
"This is so important to us," says
71-year-old Chioko Shomoto,
“This is where we relax and talk
and trade information."
STRUCTURE AND SCHEME Counterpart : Municipality and the Community - Machizukuri
SMALL
NGO
Govern
ment
/ M
unic
ipalit
y
Affected Residents
- Surveys in the refuges
- Meetings and
discussions
- To know: - Needs
- Characteristics of the
affected people
ST
RA
TE
GIE
S
purchase a disaster stricken land
The power of the place
STRUCTURE AND SCHEME Duration of supply
• Temporary Housing Supply – RECOVERY STAGE
• The temporary housing supply is proposed to be required at least for 5
years. Historical data of similar disasters shows that the recovery process
could be unexpected and long:
• Nantou,Taiwan = 7 - 10 years
• Kobe, Japan = 17 years (on going)
• Oofunato (Hypothetical) – around 10 years
It is recommended to extend the period of temporary housing until the
permanent relocation area is recovered or prepared.
STRUCTURE AND SCHEME Duration of supply
Phase I
10 hours
Phase II
100 hours
[4 days]
Phase III
1000 hours
[1.3 months]
Phase IV
10000 hours
[1.2 years]
5 years
7 years
Phase V
100000 hours
[11.5 years]
• Emergency Response / Saving Life
• Relief / Recovery of flow / Alternatives
• Recovery / Recovery of flow / Temporary
Recovery
• Reconstruction / Reconstruction Stock
Use of public facilities as refuge and
supply of resources.
Supply Temporary Housing
Extended period of Temporary
Housing
Relocation for Permanent Housing
Te
mp
ora
ry H
ou
sin
g P
lan
nin
g
RESIDENTS SELECTION The Concept
+
Pre- Earthquake Community 3.1
1
Vulnerable Community (Affected by tsunami)
Human Loss + Psychological Impact
VU
LN
ER
AB
ILIT
Y B
OR
DE
R
We pretend to supply temporary housing
to the families/individuals that are directly
affected by the tsunami and the human
loss. Our main goal is to create new
bonds from the commons feelings and
experiences, the output a new community
that can be relocated together in a
permanent place.
RESIDENTS SELECTION The Concept
Initial Accommodation
After 5 – years of temporary accommodation
Permanent Relocation in higher land
STRUCTURE AND SCHEME Number of houses intended to supply and it cost
Around 400 human losses = 400 broken households
There are around 2 or 3 persons per home (municipality data) = ~800 people to
accommodate.
400 single units are
needed 800 extension units
are needed
STRUCTURE AND SCHEME Number of houses intended to supply and it cost
Type Number Cost Unit Total
Single Unit 113 15,000 1,695,000
Dual Unit 113 20,000 2,260,000
Extended 112 30,000 3,360,000
Group 112 35,000 3,920,000
Co-housing 1 140,000 140,000
Proposal 451
-----------------
-
11,375,000
2 modules: Single Unit + Room
Ofunato, Japan- Site Selection
Ofunato, Japan- Site Selection Before and After
Ofunato, Japan- Site Selection Why here?
• Only 10% of households whose houses were completely destroyed desire to rebuild their houses “at the site where they had so far lived”.
• More than 50% of households whose houses were severely or half destroyed desire to rebuild their houses “at the site where they had so far lived”.
ACTIVE AREA before 3.11
place for all
WASHOUT by tsunami REGENERATION
activities
fighting the fear
Statistically NO TSUNAMI NEXT 10 years There is time to recover
Who? Original Residents or Near by Ones Maintain the personality
and memory of the place
- 90% of workers in “the fishery and fish culture industry” desire to continue their jobs.
Business and physical center of the town Close to permanent relocation site
- 400m – 600m away.
Ofunato, Japan- Site Plan Program
Harbor
Harbor
Port (1st Industry)
Park
Industrial/Commercial
(2nd and 3rd Industry)
Temporary Housing
Permanent Relocation
Ofunato, Japan- Site Plan Program Section
Port Landscape park Industrial/Com
merce
Temporary
Community
Higher
Land
Ofunato, Japan- Site Plan Outline Concept
Co-Housing
Temp. Housing Units
Disaster Boundary
(MEMORIAL) Commercial-
Industry
Park-Landscape
Recreation
Activities
Steeper Higher
Land
Community Public Space
Ofunato, Japan- Community Plan ten families
Single
Dual
Extended
Gro
up
Fro
nt
space
The quality of the
shared space
between families
or individuals
should be
develop by them
during the
recovery process
following their
needs and own
expectative.
Ofunato, Japan- Temporary Housing Units
Ofunato, Japan- Temporary Housing Units
Single Unit Scheme
Ofunato, Japan- Temporary Housing Local Materials for future relocation
The frame is made of timber, and the weight is supported by vertical columns,
horizontal beams, and diagonal braces. Timber is the traditional building material for
Japanese houses. It makes them airy which is important during the humid summer
months.
Ofunato, Japan- Temporary Housing Local Materials for future relocation
Areas like the kitchen and hallways have wooden flooring, but rooms in which people
sit, such as the living room can use other materials, the modules used for the flooring
follow the tatami standard size.
Ofunato, Japan- Temporary Housing Units
In order to avoid moisture from the ground, the floor is elevated several tens of
centimeters and is laid across horizontal wooden floor beams.
Ofunato, Japan- Temporary Housing Units
It has thin walls because of the mild climate, made of plywood which is often used.
Ofunato, Japan- Temporary Housing
There is a large roof and deep eaves to protect the house from the hot summer sun,
and the frame of the house supports the weight of the roof. The roof is covered with
tiles called kawara. It is sloped instead of flat, allowing rainwater to flow off easily.
Ofunato, Japan- Temporary Housing Units
Capacity of transform the space.
FLEXIBILITY
Ofunato, Japan- Temporary Housing Units
Permanent Relocation Condition: Traditional Japanese houses are built by erecting
wooden columns on top of a flat foundation made of packed earth or stones.
Ofunato, Japan- Temporary Housing Units
Co-Housing Scheme
Ofunato, Japan- Site Plan Maintenance
During the recovery process:
Workshops and trainings
Support Offices at Site
technical, health and mental care
Some economic help should be provided for the
ones that (in the present) don’t have income for
their families.
It is recommended that every year specialist review
the status of the structure
Ofunato, Japan- Site Plan After the contract
The possibilities of the temporary houses after the Recovery Stage
Transform the temporary houses to permanent ones
adding stronger basement
Buy or rent this housing to their past residents
If not feasible for rent or sell…
Transform into new building use.
Donate it for other emergency zones in the world.
Or Recycle the parts for new constructions.