telonix-hdmi a technical overview

8/8/2019 Telonix-HDMI a Technical Overview

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A Technical Overview

Byron Buie for, Telonix Communications Inc.


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Introduction

HDMI (High Definition Multimedia Interface) What is it ?

HDMI v1.3 vs. existing technologies such as Component,

S video and DVI.

Active devices that are available to facilitate and distribute

HDMI.

Introduction to HDCP (High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection).

Opportunities for HDMI


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HDMI is the first & only industry supported, uncompressed, all-digitalaudio/video interface.

HDMI provides an interface between any A/V source, such as a set-

top box, DVD player, or A/V receiver and an audio and/or video

monitor, such as a digital television (DTV), over a single cable.

HDMI supports standard, enhanced, or high-definition video, plus

multi-channel digital audio on a single cable.

Transmits all ATSC HDTV standards and supports 8-channel,

192kHz, uncompressed digital audio, all currently-available

compressed formats & lossless digital audio formats with bandwidthto spare to accommodate future enhancements and requirements

HDMI acts like Cat5, it passes a data signal not an RF signal like

CATV.

What is HDMI ?


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Typical HDMI Cables


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Typical Component Set-Up


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Typical HDMI Set-Up


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HDMI over existing analog interfaces Because HDMI is a digital interface, it provides the best

quality of the video since there are no lossy analog todigital conversions as are required for all analogconnections (such as component or S-Video).

Digital video will be sharper than component, and

eliminates the softness and ghosting found withcomponent. Small, high contrast details such as textbring this difference out the most.

Single cable for both video and audio is the most

effective format !

HDMI devices supporting HDCP have the comfort ofknowing they will have access to premium HD contentnow and in the future.


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DVI Versus HDMI

HDMI

Connector

HDMI

Connector

DVI

Connector

DVI

Connector

DVI is HDMI without the audio Separate cable needed for audio !


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HDMI over DVI HDMI is DVI with the addition of:

- Audio (up to 8-channels uncompressed)

- Smaller Connector

- Support for YUV Color Space

- CEC (Consumer Electronics Control)

- CEA-861B Info Frames

HDMI is fully backward compatible with DVI compliant

devices. HDMI DTVs will display video received from

existing DVI-equipped products, and DVI-equipped TVs

& will display video from HDMI sources. Make sure your

DVI device supports HDCP.


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The HDMI Cable


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The Cable

TMDS - Transition Minimized Differential

Signaling refers to the high speed signal data, audio and video are multiplexed,

eliminating the need for audio channels

DDC - Display Data Channel is a digital connection between a display and a graphics adapter that

allows the display to communicate its specifications to the adapter

serial data intelligence

supply channel, provides power to DDC whether on/off

simply put plug and play

CEC- Consumer Electronics Control industry standard protocol, is used for remote control functions,

universal remote


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HDMI Signal Configuration


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Bandwidth more than doubled from 165 MHz(4.95 Gbps) to 340 MHz (10.2 Gbps) to supportHigher Resolution, Faster Refresh, and DeepColor.

HDMI is a conduit or pipe that moves data.

With more bandwidth we have more room formore goodies today and in the future.

Backward compatible with legacy versions.

HDMI v1.3 What does it deliver?


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Increased Bandwidth


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HDMI 1.0/1.2 Versus 1.3


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Greater Bandwidth for Deep Color

In the Future

Current world: limited to 24

bits/ pixel color - 16 million

colors Deep Color allows 24, 30, 36

and 48 bits/pixel color depth

Billions of colors

Eliminates artifacts that appear

as bands or contours Increases contrast ratios forsharper images & greaterdetail

More accurately representsoriginal material


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Deep Color increases the number of bitsavailable for transmission for each channel.

So, for example, a TV that accepts the 24 or 12-bit form can mix together any one of 4,096

shades (levels of brightness) of each primary

color for 68.7 billion possible colors.

4,096 red x 4,096 green x 4,096 blue =

68,719,476,736 colors!!

Deep Color


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xvYCC is the next generationHD color.

Space standard IEC619966-2-4 vs. older ITU

BT.709-5.

Takes full advantage of colorrendering capabilities ofmodern digital displays vs.

older CRT technology.

Simply, it allows for moreroom around the current RGBcube.

xvYCC Extended Color Gamut for Realistic and Natural Color


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HDMI Problems - Cable Equalization

Cables are just a big filter.

Receivers can compensate for that filter by applying an equal but

opposite filter.

Different lengths change slope of attenuation receiver can targetparticular cable lengths.

HDMI 1.3 measures Cat2 cable

output after applying an ideal

Reference Cable Equalizer

HDMI 1.3 measures receiver

performance against this

same spec.


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HDMI Problems - Termination

In a serial transmission line changes in impedance are bad and can

cause reflections back to the source signal. (RL problems).

Connectors frequently have impedance mismatches and cause

some reflection and will affect the signal quality.


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HDMI Problems - Termination


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Masks help highlight digital data

waves.

Good symmetry going around themask and keeping clear spacing

between the signal and mask arenecessary for a signal integrity.

Touching the mask or kissing thedirt is where bit errors will occur

and cause sporadic sparkles onthe screen.

HDMI cables with good maskinghave a greater mask margin.

HDMI Problems - Bit Transition Analysis


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Other HDMI Problems Areas

Manufacturing, non-approved HDMI cables can

produce poor results

Poor installation, long cable runs, improper

active devices, lack of knowledge

Conglomerations of circuit boards, twistedcables, interconnects, connectors, and electronic

components can create a maze of signal loss


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(High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection)


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What is HDCP? High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection

encrypts data over HDMI.

HDCP helps bring high-definition digital contentto consumers by providing copy protection overHDMI


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Developed by Intel Corporation to prevent

copying of digital audio and video content

as it travels across HDMI, DVI etc.

Supported by the majority of CE

manufacturers, government and content

providers

Emphasizes that HDMI is a smart cable

History of HDCP


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How it works


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Handshaking

Handshaking is making sure that all of your HDMI devices canrecognize each other

Source: The source sends the content to be displayed. Examplesinclude set-top boxes, DVD and Blu-Ray players, and computervideo cards. A source has only an HDCP/HDMI transmitter.

Sink: The sink renders the content for display so it can be viewed.Examples include TVs and digital projectors. A sink has one or moreHDCP/HDMI receiver.

Repeater: A repeater accepts content, decrypts it, then re-encrypts

and retransmits the data. It may perform some signal processing,such as upconverting video into a higher-resolution format, orsplitting out the audio portion of the signal. Repeaters have bothHDMI inputs and outputs an example would be a AV receiver


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Good and Bad HDCP along with HDMI protects content.

Handshaking can be a problem with setting up an AVinstall.

Installer or consumer needs to ensure that their devicesare HDCP enabled.

DVD players, DVI HDTV present problems.

Screen and source will want to get the highestresolution, will downgrade if screen cannotaccommodate, older TVs primarily.


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HDCP/HDMI Problems

Cable flexibility, this helps, avoid 90 degree kinks, youmay degrade data transfer.

Better results with broad turns if possible.

If you can use exact cable lengths.

Too much wire, sloppy wire management and low quality

products will degrade the install..

Everything you add to the system will affect the margin

of headroom.


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Problems DDC Failure (Display Data Channel DDC failure comes from accumulation of capacitance from all parts that

make up the system.

Failures such as no audio, picture, pink screen or flashing.

If the DDC line has larger rise time issues it will not pass HDCP

There are conditioners available to help raise the allowable capacitance


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Going the Distance

Currently the answer is to have an equalizer.

Cables of long lengths have equalizers in them, easy solution, cablelife is shortened.

Equalizers can be fixed, adjustable and adaptive.

Cat5 extenders, allow for meters of added distance using Cat5cable, but requires a transmitter and receiver.


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Troubleshooting Be Pro-active, use products you are familiar with that have

consistently worked in the past.

Use quality products, do research & check specifications.

If available look at mask margin percentage, skew timing, and DDCrise time numbers.

Check for a flexible and well made cable, the signals may be the

same but the components may not & look for cable bends.

Look for a strong outer mould connector, metal or plastic.

DDC can cause issues, HDCP and capacitance.


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HDMI Opportunities

HDMI is growing with the advancement of high

definition programming and DVDs.

Video Games and PC are also integrating HDMI

for optimization of their products.

Commercially companies are choosing HDMI,sports and entertainment, video displays,

airports, restaurants the list goes on.


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Commercial

Increased revenue streams.

Refurbishment projects of commercial buildings

i.e.. offices, airport terminals, restaurants.

Less set top boxes due to extenders and HDMI

active devices.

Perfect for new builds using cat5e cable to

extend your HDMI signal.


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Split it

Switch it

Extend it

Repeaters

What can we do with HDMI Product


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For the Home

Currently end users are eating up bandwidth for multiple reasons.

Customers want maximum bandwidth for HDTV, internet and

gaming.

Fiber to the home will put increased demand for high end HDcontent.

Help the customer before he/she has to go out and find their own

solution, they will call you first.

Your first on site why give the business to someone else.

The end user gets what they paid for.


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Typical HDMI Set Up


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Thank youFor more information please visit www.hdmi.org

Byron Buie for:

TELONIX Communications

15-305 Industrial Parkway South

Aurora, Ontario

L4G 6X7

Canada

Richard Hazell

President

Titan HDTV Accessories Corp.

13511 Crestwood Place, Suite 10

Richmond British Columbia

V6V 2G1

Canada

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