TELECOMMUNICATION & TELECOMMUNICATION & NETWORK APPLICATIONSNETWORK APPLICATIONSPART 2PART 2

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Benefits of telecommunication networks in business

Networking basics: Architecture, Topology, Protocols, Media

Network applications

COMPUTER NETWORKS

• Connected computers

• Size of Computer Networks

• Mobile Computing• Types of Networks

TOPOLOGY

Ring Network

Star Network

Bus Network

Hybrid Network

COMPUTER NETWORKINGCentralized Computing

• Terminals and MainframeDistributed Computing

• Many computers process one taskCollaborative Computing

• Network computers process one task

CENTRALIZED COMPUTING

DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING

COLLABORATIVE COMPUTING

Network Computers

Computer Networks

NETWORK HARDWARE• Transmission Media Connectors

• Network interface card (NIC)

• Modems (MOdulator/DEModulator)

• Repeaters

• Hubs

• Bridges

• Multiplexers

• Routers

• Brouters (bridge routers)

• Channel service units

• Gateways

COMMUNICATIONS MEDIATwisted-pair wire

Coaxial cable

Fiber optics

Wire Media

WIRELESS MEDIA Infrared line of sight High-frequency radio

• Pager – one way wireless• Cellular phone – two way wireless• Wireless LANs

Microwave

• Terrestrial• Satellite

Wireless Media

Wireless Media

TRANSMISSION MEDIA

The pathway to send data and information between two or more entities on a network

Bandwidth – transmission capacity (Mbps Megabits per second), Narrowband, Broadband

Attenuation – weakening of a signal over distance EMI – electromagnetic interference from weather or other

electronic signals

TRANSMISSION TECHNOLOGIESIntegrated Services Digital Network

Digital Subscriber Line

Asynchronous Transfer Mode

Synchronous Optical Network

T-Carrier System

WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIESWireless devices

• Wireless Application Protocol (WAP): standard enables wireless devices to access the Web

• Micro-browsers for hand-held devices

Wireless transmission media

CAPABILITIES OF WIRELESS DEVICESCellular telephony E-mail access

Bluetooth service Short messages

Wi-Fi Instant messaging

Digital camera Text messaging

GPS

Organizer MP2 music player

Scheduler Video player

Address book Internet access

Calculator QWERTY keyboard

WIRELESS TRANSMISSION MEDIAMicrowave Transmission

Satellite transmission

• Geostationary Orbit (GEO)• Middle Earth Orbit (MEO)• Low Earth Orbit (LEO)• Global Positioning System (GPS)• Internet Over Satellite (IOS)

WIRELESS COMPUTER NETWORKS AND INTERNET ACCESS

Short range wireless networks: Bluetooth generally have a range of 100 feet or less.

Medium range wireless networks: Wi-fi Medium-range wireless networks are the familiar wireless local area networks (WLANs).

Wide area wireless networks The most common type of medium-range wireless network is Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi).

Wide-area wireless networks connect users to each other and to the Internet over geographically dispersed distances.

WIRELESS SECURITY Four major threats

Rogue access point – set up by insiders is an unauthorized access point to a wireless network.

War driving – intruders to network zone and is the act of locating WLANs while driving around a city or elsewhere.

Eavesdropping – unauthorized access to transmitting data and refers to efforts by unauthorized users to try to access data traveling over wireless networks.

RF (Radio frequency) jamming – interfere with transmission

RF (Radio frequency) jamming: is when a person or a device intentionally or unintentionally interferes with your wireless network transmissions.

SECURITYSSL Certificate - An electronic document that confirms the identity of a website or server and verifies that a public key belongs to a trustworthy individual or company

Secure hypertext transfer protocol (SHTTP or HTTPS) - A combination of HTTP and SSL to provide encryption and secure identification of an Internet server

NETWORK APPLICATIONSDiscovery

Communications

Collaboration

Web services

NETWORK APPLICATIONS : DISCOVERY

Search engines: Google, Yahoo, …Meta-search engines: many search engines

function at onceMaterial in foreign languages: Google, AltavistaPortals: gateways to Internet info = Commercial

(public), Affinity (specific-interest) portals, Corporate portals, Industry wide.

Discovery allows users to browse and search data sources, in all topic areas,on the Web.

NETWORK APPLICATIONS : COMMUNICATION

e-mail

Web-based call centers

Electronic chat rooms

Voice communication: VoIP

Unified communication

Electronic mail (e-mail) is the largest-volume application running on the Internet.Web-based call centers (customer call center) are services that provide effective personalize customer contact as an imporant part of Web-based customer support.Electronic chat room is a virtual meeting place where groups of regulars come to “gab”.

UNIFIED COMMUNICATIONS

Unified communications simplifies and integrates all forms of communications – voice, voice mail, fax, chat, e-mail, instant messaging, short message service,presence (location) services, and videoconferencing – on a common hardwareand software platform.

NETWORK APPLICATIONS : COLLABORATION

Work group and Virtual group (team)

Virtual collaboration / e-collaboration

Workflow technologies

Groupware

Teleconferencing

Videoconference

Web conferencing

Real-time collaboration tools

Virtual collaboration is the use of digital technologies that enable organizations or individuals to collaboratively plan, design, develop, manage and research products, services and innovative applications.Workflow technologies facilitate the movement of information as it flows through the sequence of steps that make up an organization’s work procedures. Includes workflow management and workflow systems.Groupware refers to software products that support groups of people who share a common task or goal and who collaborate to accomplish it.

Teleconferencing is the use of electronic communication that allows two or more people at different locations to hold a simultaneous conference.Videoconference is when participants in one location can see participants at other locations and share data, voice, pictures, graphics and animation by electronic means.Web conferencing is videoconferencing conducted over the Internet.Real-time collaboration tools support synchronous communication of graphical and text-based information i.e. computer-based whiteboards.

WEB 1.0 VS. WEB 2.0

MARKET VALUE OF VARIOUS WEB 2.0 COMPANIES

TECHNOLOGIES OF WEB 2.0AJAX: reload portion of web-page

Tagging: describing keyword

Blogging: personal website

Wiki: anyone can post, edit materials

Really Simple Syndication (RSS): users can customize information

Podcasts / Videocasts: digital audio/video files posted on Internet

CATEGORIES OF WEB 2.0 SITES

Social Networking Sites - display content upload by users: MySpace, Flickr, YouTube, LinkdIn …

Aggregators - provide collections of content from the Web in a new format

Mash-ups – mix and match available contents on the Web to create new content

Social Networking Sites: Allow users to upload their content to the web in the form of text, voice, images, and video.Aggregators: Provide a collection of content from the web (e.g., Technorati, Digg, Simple thred).Mashups: A web site that takes content from a number of other web sites and mixes them together to create a new kind of content (e.g., SkiBonk, Healthmap, ChicagoCrime)

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