6 telecommunication and networking

7/31/2019 6 Telecommunication and Networking

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Telecommunications and Networks


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More electronic commerce, enterprise collaborat

online business operations and strategic advantagin markets

More vendors, carriers, alliances, and networkservices, accelerated by deregulation & Internetgrowth

Extensive Internet, interconnected local & globaldigital networks, improved transmission channel

IndustryTrends

echnologyrends

ApplicationTrends


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*

Overcome Geographic Barriers: Capture information aboutbusiness transactions from remote locations.

Overcome Time Barriers: Provide information to remote locations

immediately after it is requested.

Overcome Cost Barriers: Reduce the cost of more traditionalmeans of communications.

Overcome Structural Barriers: Support linkages for competitiveadvantage.

Major Strategic capabilities


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Surf andE-mail

Internet Chatand

Discussion Forums

Download andComputer

Search Engines

E-CommerceTransfer

Protocol (FTP)and Telnet

Popular Usesof the

Internet


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Increase Customer Loyalty & Retention

Reduce the Cost of Doing Business

Generate New Revenue Sources

Attract New Customers

Deriving BusinessValue from e-CommerceApplications

Develop New Markets & Channels

Develop New Web-based Products


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TelecommunicationsSoftware

1

2 3

4

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PCs, NCs,and OtherTerminals

ComputersTelecommunicationsChannels and Media

TelecommunicationsProcessors


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Types of Networks

Local Area Networks (LANs) Wide Area Networks (WANs)

Intranet Extranet Internet


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** Limited distance (usually within 10 KM)* Privately Owned*

Usually use a broadcast medium* e.g. Coaxial cable, Fiber Optics, Virtual* LANs defined by Physical technology:

- defines physical and data link layer*

type and wiring of broadcast medium* protocol for sharing broadcast medium

* LANs Topology:- Bus- Ring- Star- Mesh


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NetworkServer

SharedDatabase and

Software Packages

SharedPrinter

PCPC

PC PC PC

Internetwork Processor to Other Networks


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California Norway

Belgium

Pennsyl-vania

Manitoba

BritishColumbia

Chile

Ontario

Japan DominicanRepublic

WideAreaNetwork


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RouterIntranet

Server

Host System

IntranetServer

TheInternet

Fire wall

Fire wall

RouterExtranet


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The use of Internet Technology to build aprivate corporate network - Intranet

The extension of Intranet to cover theBusiness partners of an Corporation Extranet

Use of high security and access controlsuch as firewalls

Intranet and Extranet


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Acts as a reservoir

of company info likeprovident fund

rules, HR policies etc.

Are an interaction

platform for theemployees to

discuss projects,share ideas Enhances project

Management

and reportingsystems

Intranets are internalnetworks that let youaccess informationby simple browsing

as on theWorld Wide Web

Helps improve

workflow andincrease

productivity

Lets you shareInformation withcolleagues spread

over variouslocations,

simultaneously

How the Intranet Works


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IntranetApplication

Corporate/Department/

IndividualPages

Access IntoSearchableDirectories

PublishingCorporateDocuments

Mail WorkgroupCollaboration

SoftwareDistribution

UserInterface

OtherInformation

andUses

Intranet Applications


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Policies and Procedures Engineering Groups

Information Historical Information Employee and Group

Information Sharing Design Drawings Technology Centers Sales Support Centers

Competitive Analysis Strategies Financial-Management

Query Corporate Newsletters

Internal Applications onIntranet

Product Information Project Information Access to Data Warehouse Product Support

Databases Training and Registration Newswire Clippings Software Libraries Phone Directory Conference Room

Reservations Libraries Subscription Services


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Performance Tracking Surveillance Application Front-end Whiteboard Conferencing Travel Plans

Art Libraries Directions Maps Indexing Engines

Knowledge Preservation Official Travel Guide Manufacturing

Information

Employee Info-bases Employee PropertyManagement

Policies and Procedures

Jobs Benefits Literature Ordering Stock Quote Information Catalogs

Internal Applications on Intranet


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Extranet

An extranet is a private network that uses the Internetprotocols and the public telecommunication system to securelyshare part of a business's information or operations withsuppliers, vendors, partners, customers, or other businesses

An extranet can be viewed as part of a company's intranet thatis extended to users outside the company

What are extranets?

Intranet

Company A

Company C

Company B


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Exchange large volumes of data using Electronic Data

Interchange (EDI) Share product catalogs exclusively with wholesalers or

those "in the trade" Share inventory status, order status and such other

business information Collaborate with other companies on joint development

efforts Jointly develop and use training programs with other

companies Provide or access services provided by one company to a

group of other companies, such as an online bankingapplication managed by one company on behalf of affiliated banks

Share news of common interest exclusively with partnercompanies

Applications of Extranets


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ClientSystems

Servers

Host Systems/Superservers


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NetworkServer

Host SystemSuperserver

Client

User InterfaceApplication Processing

Application ControlDistributed Database

Central database controlHeavy duty processing

Server Server

NetPC

Browser-basedUser Interface

Web OSApplication Software

Application

DBMS

DB


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Th I t ti l St d d O i i (ISO) l


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The International Standards Organizations (ISO) seven-layerOpen Systems Interconnection (OSI)

Application orProcess Layer

Internet Protocol (IP)

Host-to-Host Transport Layer

Network Interface

Physical Layer

ApplicationLayer

PresentationLayer

SessionLayer

TransportLayer

NetworkLayer

Data LinkLayer

PhysicalLayer


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Application Layer. This layer provides communications

services for end user applications.Presentation Layer. This layer provides appropriate datatransmission formats and codes.

Session Layer. This layer supports the accomplishment of

telecommunications sessions.Transport Layer. This layer supports the organization andtransfer of data between nodes in the network.

Network Layer. This layer provides appropriate routing byestablishing connections among network links.Data Link Layer. This layer supports error free organizationand transmission of data in the network.

Physical Layer. This layer provides physical access to thetelecommunications media in the network.

*


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*

* 7: Application layer* E.g., terminal emulation, file transfer

*

6: Presentation layer* Handles encryption, compression, other translation of messages

* 5: Session layer* Establishes and terminates connections between applications

* 4: Transport layer* Divides messages into packets;assembles packets into messages

* 3: Network layer* Finds routes for packets; transmits them to next node

* 2: Link layer* Breaks packets into frames; sends frames between nodes

* 1: Physical layer* Sends bits over wires


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*


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TCP/IP IP is lowest layer (equivalent to the OSI network layer)

- moves a packet from one host to another- connectionless protocol (no guarantee of reliabledelivery)- each packet contains a 32-bit address of thedestination host- each host has its own unique address- Internet is running out of addresses- partly because addresses allocated inefficiently- eventually move to more than 32-bit addresses

TCP (equivalent to OSI transport layer)-establishes a reliable connection between processes on

two hosts-TCP makes up for unreliability of IP by resending lost

blocks


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UDP