TEKS 4.6ATEKS 4.6AThe student knows that The student knows that change can create change can create recognizable patterns. recognizable patterns. The student is expected to The student is expected to identify patterns of change identify patterns of change such as in weather, such as in weather, metamorphosis, andmetamorphosis, and objects in the skyobjects in the sky

‘‘Objects in the sky’ are Objects in the sky’ are defined as celestial defined as celestial bodies, such as bodies, such as planetsplanets, , cometscomets, and , and starsstars, or a , or a weather phenomena, such weather phenomena, such as as cloudsclouds or or lightninglightning..

Question 1Question 1

NASA scientists, in their quest for NASA scientists, in their quest for knowledge about our knowledge about our Solar SystemSolar System, , look at many factors when designing look at many factors when designing space vehicles. The space missions space vehicles. The space missions being planned will send unmanned being planned will send unmanned space probes far into our galaxy for space probes far into our galaxy for long periods of time through long periods of time through unknown territory. The vehicles unknown territory. The vehicles must be sturdy to withstand the must be sturdy to withstand the space environment.space environment.

One very important consideration isOne very important consideration is

A.A. the inconsistent rotation of the Moon the inconsistent rotation of the Moon and a possible collision with the space and a possible collision with the space probe.probe.

B.B. the increasing force of the Sun’s gravity the increasing force of the Sun’s gravity as the space probe moves toward as the space probe moves toward Neptune.Neptune.

C.C. the damage that could be caused in the the damage that could be caused in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter.

D.D. the intense heat of space travel in the the intense heat of space travel in the outer reaches of our Milky Way galaxy.outer reaches of our Milky Way galaxy.

Analysis of Question 1Analysis of Question 1

Choice AChoice A-The Moon’s rotation is a -The Moon’s rotation is a knownknown pattern of rotation. pattern of rotation.

An An incorrectincorrect answer. answer.

Choice BChoice B-The gravitational pull of the -The gravitational pull of the Sun will Sun will decreasedecrease as the space as the space probe moves further out in the solar probe moves further out in the solar system. system. An An incorrectincorrect answer. answer.

Analysis of Question 1Analysis of Question 1

Choice C-A high concentration of asteroids is Choice C-A high concentration of asteroids is found in a belt between Mars and Jupiter. found in a belt between Mars and Jupiter. Damage from asteroids hitting the space Damage from asteroids hitting the space probe probe is is a consideration for long distance a consideration for long distance space galaxy travel. The space galaxy travel. The correctcorrect choice. choice.

Choice D-The affect of the Sun’s thermal Choice D-The affect of the Sun’s thermal energy (heat) energy (heat) decreasesdecreases as space probes as space probes move farther away from the center of our move farther away from the center of our solar system. An solar system. An incorrectincorrect choice. choice.

Question 2

Students and teachers at U R Great Elementary School have been looking forward to school field day. The whole school will participate in outdoor activities. The sunrise is beautiful, but breezy. Quickly, the wind increases in intensity, large gray clouds begin to move in, and thunder can be heard in the distance. There is a drop in temperature to 22ºC as students arrive at school, and small raindrops fall. The teachers begin to ask, “What about our field day plans?”

What do you think?

A. Field day should go on as scheduled considering lightning has not been observed.

B. Field day should not go on considering thunder has been heard, but no lightning seen.

C. Field day should not take place since the temperature is 22ºC.

D. Field day should go on since it is spring and the correct season for field day.

Analysis of Question 2

Choice A-There are serious safety issues with outside activities when lightning is a possibility.An incorrect choice.

Choice B-Unfortunately for everyone, the developing weather pattern indicates that field day should be postponed. It looks like a storm is coming. Thunder has been heard in the distance indicating the possibility of a lightning strike. The correct choice.

Analysis of Question 2

Choice C-The temperature of 22ºC is considered a comfortable temperature for field day.

An incorrect choice.

Choice D-The important factor in carrying out field day is the daily weather. The seasonal patterns indicate a ‘big picture’ of climate (average temperatures, precipitation) and amount and intensity of sunlight. An incorrect choice.

Question 3

In January, a group of fifth grade Texas students is planning a science investigation. They want to do an investigation that involves putting different objects on light (photo) sensitive paper, recording the times, and looking at the shadows that are left after the paper is exposed to natural sunlight. The other students are excited about this and decide that they can meet at about 6:00 pm to carry out the investigation.

These are their materials: a stopwatch, various household

objects (a spoon, a pencil, some indoor plant leaves, a piece of clear plastic) and photo sensitive paper. Is their experiment ‘bound for success’ or ‘doomed for failure’?

What’s your best analysis?

A. ‘Bound for success’ since they have all the materials that they need and seem to be working cooperatively.

B. ‘Doomed for failure’ because they forgot to include a science notebook and get parent permission.

C. ‘Doomed for failure’ because the date of the investigation may not have been researched adequately.

D. ‘Bound for success’ since students did the designing, materials collection, and used an inexhaustible resource.

Analysis of Question 3

Choice A-They have thought about the important materials that they need, and may also find others that they want to use. They do seem to be working together for scientific success, but ...this is an incorrect choice. Read on!

Choice B-Parent permission is important and having a way to record observations and collect data is also very important to investigation success and analysis. But, this is also an incorrect choice...continue to read on!

Choice C-Unfortunately, their investigation is ‘doomed for failure’. Did you notice that the students are planning the investigation for January in Texas? When is sunset in January in Texas? This is the correct choice.

Choice D-The students do receive compliments for their originality and cooperativeness in using a natural energy source for their experiment. They just forgot about one detail-it’s dark at 6 pm in January. An incorrect choice. Go back and read the explanation for Choice C.