student mobility patterns and achievement in wisconsin
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Student Mobility Patterns and Achievement in Wisconsin. Prepared for the Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction Selina Eadie Ryan Eisner Bryan Miller Leni Wolf Monday, May 13, 2013. Overview of Presentation. ● Overview of Previous Findings ● Methodology of Analysis - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Student Mobility Patterns and Achievement in Wisconsin
Prepared for the Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction
Selina EadieRyan EisnerBryan Miller
Leni Wolf
Monday, May 13, 2013
● Overview of Previous Findings
● Methodology of Analysis
● Description of Mobility in Wisconsin
● Association Between Mobility and Achievement
● Policy Implications and Ideas for Future Research
Overview of Presentation
Research Questions
● What is the state of student mobility in WI?
● What is mobility’s association with achievement?
Previous Findings
● Moves associated with lower academic performance
● Different mobility rates for different groups of students
● Timing matters (both time of year and time of
academic career)
● Inter- versus intra-district moves
Methodology
● First research using Wisconsin Student Number Locator System (WSLS)
● Created a cohort of students for analysis● Start: September 15, 2006● End: May 1, 2011
● Students in Cohort: 319,230
Mobility Rates by Ethnicity (2006-07 through 2010-11)
Black
Hispanic
Native American
Asian-Americn
White
All Cohort
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
0 1 2 3 4 5 +
Percentage of Students
Number of moves
Mobility Rates by Economic Status (2006-07 through 2010-11)
Ever Economically Disadvantaged Never Economically Disadvantaged0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
Did not Move Moved Once Moved 2+ Times
Perc
enta
ge o
f Stu
dent
s
Mobility Rates by Homeless Status (2006-07 through 2010-11)
Ever ID'd as Homeless Never ID'd as Homeless0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Did Not Move Moved Once Moved 2+ Times
Perc
enta
ge o
f Stu
dent
s
Moves by Time of Year (2006-07 through 2010-11)
Summer Break76%
Winter Break7%
School Year17%
Moves in the Five Largest Districts (2006-07 through 2010-11)
Milwaukee Madison Kenosha Green Bay Racine Statewide0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Did not Move Moved Once Moved 2+ Times
Perc
enta
ge o
f Stu
dent
s
Top Receiving Districts of Milwaukee Public Schools Students2008-09 2009-10
(n=2,875) (n=3,157)West Allis–West Milwaukee 9.0% Wauwatosa 9.1%
Wisconsin Department of Corrections 7.3% West Allis–West Milwaukee 7.4%
Franklin Public 6.8% Franklin Public 6.2%
Wauwatosa 4.8% Wisconsin Department of Corrections 5.3%
Academy of Learning and Leadership a 4.1% Bruce Guadalupe a 4.6%
a Denotes public, non-MPS charter school
Mobility and 2010-11 Graduation Status
Did not Graduate Graduated0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
Zero moves 1 to 3 moves 4+ moves
Perc
enta
ge o
f Stu
dent
s
Reading and Math WKCE Scores for 10th Graders in 2010-11
Mean Reading Score Mean Math Score460
480
500
520
540
560
580
542
565
532
556
Zero Moves in 2009-10 Moved in 2009-10 ProficienctBasic
Test
Sco
re
Reading and Math WKCE Scores for 10th Graders in 2010-11
Mean Reading Score Mean Math Score440
460
480
500
520
540
560
580
600
546
569
539
563
478
513
Zero Moves Prior to 2010 1-3 Moves Prior to 20104+ Moves Prior to 2010 ProficientBasic
Test
Sco
re
Regression Confirmation● Ran an OLS regression to test these relationships
● Controlled for:● Race, Economic Status, Homelessness, District, Ever received English Language Learner (ELL) services
Includes fixed effects for district
● Findings● Coefficients on moves consistently negative and significant at .01 level● Coefficients on other variables consistently of greater magnitude
Summary of Findings
● Black and Hispanic students appear to move much more frequently than their White and Asian-American peers
● Students who qualify for free or reduced-priced lunch move more than full-price students
● Students in largest districts are more likely to move than the state average● Especially Milwaukee
● Consistent relationship between mobility and achievement
Future Research Considerations
● Detect residential moves
● Moves by time in academic career
● Type of destination school
● Prior year test score controls
Policy Implications
● Information and record-keeping systems
● Funding mechanisms and sources
● Implications for school choice policies
Acknowledgements
● Jared Knowles, Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction
● Russell Dimond, University of Wisconsin-Madison
● Jed Richardson, Wisconsin Center for Education Research
● Professor Andrew Reschovsky, University of Wisconsin-
Madison
Questions?
Thank you!
Reading Regression Results (1) (2) (3) (4)
Tenth Grade
Reading (2010-11)
Tenth Grade
Reading (2010-11)
Tenth Grade
Reading (2010-11)
Tenth Grade
Reading (2010-11)
Moves before October 2010
-6.09*** -5.18*** (0.31) (0.38)
4+ Moves before October 2010
-10.22*** (2.40)
Moves in 2009-10 School Year
-4.93*** -3.33*** (0.58) (0.65)
2+ Moves in 2009-10 School Year
-15.70*** (2.81)
Asian7.46*** 7.40*** 7.86*** 7.79***(1.61) (1.61) (1.61) (1.61)
Black-28.47*** -28.36*** -30.20*** -30.00***
(1.19) (1.19) (1.19) (1.19)
Hispanic-3.47*** -3.57*** -3.10** -3.05**
(1.33) (1.33) (1.34) (1.34)
Native American-16.94*** -16.81*** -18.07*** -18.00***
(2.39) (2.39) (2.40) (2.40)
Ever FRPL-27.21*** -27.21*** -28.72*** -28.58***
(0.61) (0.61) (0.61) (0.61)
Ever Homeless-9.97*** -9.58*** -14.36*** -13.94***
(2.82) (2.82) (2.83) (2.83)Ever Received ELL Services
-32.78*** -32.82*** -32.45*** -32.60***(1.54) (1.54) (1.55) (1.55)
Constant561.90*** 561.20*** 557.80*** 557.50***
(0.45) (0.48) (0.38) (0.39)No. of Students 41,661 41,661 41,460 41,460R-squared 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.11
Source: Authors' calculations from DPI data
Math Regression Results (5) (6) (7) (8)
Tenth Grade Math
(2010-11)
Tenth Grade Math
(2010-11)
Tenth Grade Math
(2010-11)
Tenth Grade Math
(2010-11)
Moves before October 2010
-4.66*** -4.20*** (0.24) (0.29)
4+ Moves before October 2010
-5.23*** (1.82)
Moves in 2009-10 School Year
-3.99*** -2.80*** (0.44) (0.49)
2+ Moves in 2009-10 School Year
-11.64*** (2.13)
Asian 11.58*** 11.55*** 11.92*** 11.87***(1.21) (1.21) (1.22) (1.22)
Black -28.20*** -28.14*** -29.59*** -29.44***(0.90) (0.90) (0.90) (0.90)
Hispanic -6.25*** -6.30*** -6.09*** -6.05***(1.01) (1.01) (1.01) (1.01)
Native American -17.37*** -17.30*** -18.20*** -18.15***(1.81) (1.81) (1.82) (1.82)
Ever FRPL -22.34*** -22.34*** -23.47*** -23.36***(0.46) (0.46) (0.46) (0.46)
Ever Homeless -11.79*** -11.58*** -15.02*** -14.71***(2.13) (2.13) (2.14) (2.14)
Ever Received ELL Services
-21.62*** -21.64*** -21.43*** -21.54***(1.16) (1.16) (1.17) (1.17)
Constant 581.30*** 580.90*** 578.30*** 578.10***(0.34) (0.36) (0.29) (0.29)
No. of Students 41,650 41,650 41,449 41,449R-squared 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.13
Source: Authors' calculations from DPI data
WSLS Population (2005-2011) Primary Cohort Cohort 2
RaceAsian 3.7% 3.6% 3.7%Black 10.8% 10.8% 10.1%Hispanic 8.1% 8.2% 8.1%Native American 1.4% 1.4% 1.5%White 68.6% 73.1% 76.2%Total Students 1,176,136 319,230 683,148Ever Homeless?No 99.0% 98.7% 99.3%Yes 1.0% 1.3% 0.7%Total Students 1,176,136 319,230 683,148Ever Economically Disadvantaged?No 56.2% 50.4% 60.0%Yes 43.8% 49.6% 40.0%Total Students 1,176,136 319,230 683,148GenderMale 51.2% 51.5% 51.5%Female 48.8% 48.5% 48.5%Total Students 1,088,403 310,189 679,303English Language ProficientYes 94.8% 94.1% 94.3%No 5.2% 5.9% 5.7%Total Students 1,054,024 310,189 679,303District of Majority AttendanceMilwaukee 11.6% 9.9% 9.0%Kenosha 3.1% 4.3% 2.9%Racine 2.5% 2.7% 2.5%Green Bay 2.9% 4.0% 2.7%Madison 3.1% 2.9% 2.9%Total Students 1,176,136 319,230 683,148
Top Receiving Districts from Madison Metropolitan School District2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11
(n=583) (n=887) (n=906) (n=889) (n=990)
Middleton – Cross Plains Area 12.5% Sun Prairie Area 8.1% Sun Prairie Area 11.6% Verona Area 12.9% Sun Prairie Area 13.8%
Verona Area 11.7%Middleton – Cross Plains Area
7.9% Verona Area 11.2% Sun Prairie Area 11.1% Verona Area 11.4%
Sun Prairie Area 10.3% Verona Area 7.3%Middleton – Cross Plains Area
7.5%Middleton – Cross Plains Area
6.4%Middleton – Cross Plains Area
11.0%
Milwaukee 7.0% Monona Grove 3.9% Milwaukee 6.5% Monona Grove 4.3% Milwaukee 6.9%
Janesville 4.6% Oregon 3.8% Monona Grove 6.4%McFarland 4.1%
Oregon 3.9%Milwaukee 4.1%
Source: Authors' calculations from DPI data
Top Receiving Districts from Green Bay Area School District2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11
(n=735) (n=869) (n=825) (n=861) (n=990)
Howard - Suamico 10.8% Howard - Suamico 12.1% Howard -
Suamico 10.7% Ashwaubenon 9.5% Ashwaubenon 10.1%
Milwaukee 8.0% Ashwaubenon 8.6% Milwaukee 9.1% Milwaukee 9.3% Milwaukee 9.8%
De Pere 6.8% Milwaukee 7.1% Ashwaubenon 7.5% Howard – Suamico 9.2% De Pere 9.6%
Ashwaubenon 6.5% De Pere 6.7% De Pere 6.6% De Pere 8.0% Howard – Suamico 9.0%
Pulaski Community 4.8% West De Pere 5.5% West De Pere 5.8% West De Pere 5.5% West De Pere 4.3%
Source: Authors' calculations from DPI data
Top Receiving Districts from Racine Unified School District2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11
(n=421) (n=565) (n=557) (n=546) (n=675)
Kenosha Unified 23.8% Kenosha Unified 18.4% Kenosha Unified 18.1% Kenosha Unified 22.3% Kenosha Unified 26.8%
Milwaukee 22.3% Milwaukee 17.7% Milwaukee 15.6% Milwaukee 12.8% Milwaukee 16.3%
21st Century Prep School* 3.6% WI Dept. of
Corrections 7.3% 21st Century Prep School* 5.6% Green Bay Area
Public 4.2% 21st Century Prep School* 3.6%
Union Grove J1 2.9% 21st Century Prep School 4.8% WI Dept. of
Corrections 5.4% Waukesha 3.9% Waukesha 3.1%
WI Dept. of Corrections 2.9%
Burlington Area 2.3%
Burlington Area 3.2% 21st Century Prep School 3.7% WI Dept. of
Corrections 3.0%
Oak Creek – Franklin Joint 2.3%
Waukesha 2.3%
Source: Authors' calculations from DPI data
Top Receiving Districts from Kenosha Unified School District2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11
(n=393) (n=508) (n=434) (n=493) (n=465)
Racine Unified 33.1% Racine Unified 32.7% Racine Unified 31.3% Racine Unified 32.3% Racine Unified 33.8%
Milwaukee 7.9% Milwaukee 7.5% Milwaukee 9.9% Milwaukee 10.8% Milwaukee 8.8%
Madison Metropolitan 2.8%
WI Dept. of Corrections 4.1% Burlington Area 4.6% West Bend 4.5% West Bend 7.3%
Waukesha 2.8%
White Lake 2.8%
WI Dept. of Corrections 2.8%
Burlington Area 3.2% Salem 3.9% Green Bay Public 2.2% Salem 3.4%
Waukesha 3.2% WI Dept. of Corrections 3.5% WI Dept. of
Corrections 2.2% Burlington Area 2.8%
Source: Authors' calculations from DPI data